{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T23:32:23Z","timestamp":1768865543435,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":379,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006389","name":"Infection Control Programme & WHO Collaborating Centre on Patient Safety (SPCI\/WCC), University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006389","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32003B_163262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32003B_163262"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/SINT\/95317\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/SINT\/95317\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115620"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115620"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010767","name":"Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["115737"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["115737"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010767","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union's 7th Framework Programme","award":["FP7\/2007\u00b12013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FP7\/2007\u00b12013"]}]},{"name":"European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations companies"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,14]],"date-time":"2020-02-14T02:22:12Z","timestamp":1581646932000},"page":"430-434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Handrubbing with sprayed alcohol-based hand rub: an alternative method for effective hand hygiene"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"J.B.X.","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.E.A.","family":"de Kraker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Soule","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Pittet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guideline for hand hygiene in health-care settings: recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC\/SHEA\/APIC\/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force","volume":"51","author":"Boyce","year":"2002","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Report Recomm Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib2","series-title":"Guidelines on hand hygiene in health care. First Global Patient Safety Challenge: clean care is safer care","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.82","article-title":"Compliance with the World Health Organization hand hygiene technique: a prospective observational study","volume":"36","author":"Tschudin-Sutter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib4","first-page":"E231","article-title":"Assessing hand hygiene compliance among healthcare workers in six intensive care units","volume":"58","author":"Musu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Prev Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib5","series-title":"Guide to implementation. A guide to the implementation of the WHO multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.09.024","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy and drying times of liquid, gel and foam formats of alcohol-based hand rubs","volume":"98","author":"Wilkinson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.10.016","article-title":"Analysis of alcohol-based hand sanitizer delivery systems: efficacy of foam, gel, and wipes against influenza A (H1N1) virus on hands","volume":"40","author":"Larson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.09.019","article-title":"Antimicrobial efficacy of alcohol-based hand gels","volume":"74","author":"Guilhermetti","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-78","article-title":"Efficacy of ethanol-based hand foams using clinically relevant amounts: a cross-over controlled study among healthy volunteers","volume":"10","author":"Kampf","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-7-2","article-title":"Comprehensive bactericidal activity of an ethanol-based hand gel in 15 seconds","volume":"7","author":"Kampf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib11","series-title":"European Norm 1500: chemical disinfectants and antiseptics. Hygienic handrub. Test method and requirements (phase 2\/step 2)","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.307","article-title":"Wiping is inferior to rubbing: a note of caution for hand hygiene with alcohol-based solutions","volume":"39","author":"Ory","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.271","article-title":"Should alcohol-based handrub use be customized to healthcare workers' hand size?","volume":"37","author":"Bellissimo-Rodrigues","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2010.514259","article-title":"Hand surface area estimation formula using 3D anthropometry","volume":"7","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Occup Environ Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.031","article-title":"Improving hand hygiene compliance in health care workers: strategies and impact on patient outcomes","volume":"41","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.10.026","article-title":"Beyond entry and exit: hand hygiene at the bedside","volume":"47","author":"Woodard","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"pii 20161","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.17.18.20161-en","article-title":"Four multifaceted countrywide campaigns to promote hand hygiene in Belgian hospitals between 2005 and 2011: impact on compliance to hand hygiene","volume":"17","author":"Costers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.04.010","article-title":"Sustained improvement in hand hygiene compliance using a multi-modal improvement programme at a Swiss multi-site regional hospital","volume":"100","author":"Staines","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1086\/673446","article-title":"Hand hygiene behavior: translating behavioral research into infection control practice","volume":"34","author":"Eiamsitrakoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2016.08.003","article-title":"Developing professional habits of hand hygiene in intensive care settings: an action-research intervention","volume":"38","author":"Battistella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-2-199901190-00006","article-title":"Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital","volume":"130","author":"Pittet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.10.012","article-title":"Antibacterial efficacy of handrubbing for 15 versus 30 seconds: EN 1500-based randomized experimental study with different loads of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli","volume":"25","author":"Pires","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670120300566?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670120300566?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:14:47Z","timestamp":1759292087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670120300566"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195670120300566"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Handrubbing with sprayed alcohol-based hand rub: an alternative method for effective hand hygiene","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}