{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T21:53:00Z","timestamp":1771019580805,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,15]],"date-time":"2020-07-15T12:25:39Z","timestamp":1594815939000},"page":"295-302","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine and mupirocin on biofilm formation in clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"K.-H.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D.Y.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.-M.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.-H.","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.I.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.-W.","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.-G.","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"O.-H.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010204","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus?","volume":"7","author":"Chambers","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.15.1756","article-title":"The burden of Staphylococcus aureus infections on hospitals in the United States: an analysis of the 2000 and 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample Database","volume":"165","author":"Noskin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1086\/676534","article-title":"Strategies to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission and infection in acute care hospitals: 2014 update","volume":"35","author":"Calfee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir233","article-title":"Impact of combined low-level mupirocin and genotypic chlorhexidine resistance on persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage after decolonization therapy: a case\u2013control study","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-017-0192-1","article-title":"MRSA decolonization failure \u2013 are biofilms the missing link?","volume":"6","author":"Gunther","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2015.00001","article-title":"Methicillin resistance and the biofilm phenotype in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"5","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00198-12","article-title":"Low levels of beta-lactam antibiotics induce extracellular DNA release and biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"3","author":"Kaplan","year":"2012","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5957","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00463-16","article-title":"Modulation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm matrix by subinhibitory concentrations of clindamycin","volume":"60","author":"Schilcher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02070-15","article-title":"Effects of low-dose amoxicillin on Staphylococcus aureus USA300 biofilms","volume":"60","author":"Mlynek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.5301\/ijao.5000027","article-title":"Antibiotic-induced biofilm formation","volume":"34","author":"Kaplan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Artif Organs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1086\/667371","article-title":"Relationship between chlorhexidine gluconate skin concentration and microbial density on the skin of critically ill patients bathed daily with chlorhexidine gluconate","volume":"33","author":"Popovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.08.022","article-title":"Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing practices and skin concentrations in intensive care unit patients","volume":"46","author":"Alserehi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3633","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00637-08","article-title":"Penetration of chlorhexidine into human skin","volume":"52","author":"Karpanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.06.023","article-title":"Risk factors associated with mupirocin resistance in meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"76","author":"Caffrey","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01912","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01912-19","article-title":"Subinhibitory concentrations of mupirocin stimulate Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by upregulating cidA","volume":"64","author":"Jin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib17","series-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility test for bacteria that grow aerobically; approved standard","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1086\/605495","article-title":"Mupirocin resistance","volume":"49","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"38","author":"Enright","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.11.3556-3563.1999","article-title":"Evaluation of protein A gene polymorphic region DNA sequencing for typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains","volume":"37","author":"Shopsin","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.2007\/011874-0","article-title":"agr function in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates","volume":"154","author":"Traber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45902-0","article-title":"Susceptibilities to antiseptic agents and distribution of antiseptic-resistance genes qacA\/B and smr of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in Asia during 1998 and 1999","volume":"54","author":"Noguchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/0471141755.ph13a08s50","article-title":"Static biofilm cultures of Gram-positive pathogens grown in a microtiter format used for anti-biofilm drug discovery","author":"Kwasny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2007.apm_630.x","article-title":"Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates: overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci","volume":"115","author":"Stepanovi\u0107","year":"2007","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr024","article-title":"Spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between the community and the hospitals in Asian countries: an ANSORP study","volume":"66","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2011.03.008","article-title":"Extracellular DNA-dependent biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A in response to subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics","volume":"162","author":"Kaplan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0290","article-title":"Mupirocin at subinhibitory concentrations induces biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"24","author":"Sritharadol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14036","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1509251112","article-title":"RNAIII of the Staphylococcus aureus agr system activates global regulator MgrA by stabilizing mRNA","volume":"112","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks500","article-title":"Selection for qacA carriage in CC22, but not CC30, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection isolates during a successful institutional infection control programme","volume":"68","author":"Otter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkn208","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of chlorhexidine susceptibilities of nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at a teaching hospital in Taiwan","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm309","article-title":"A\u00a0survey of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Korea","volume":"60","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib32","first-page":"445","article-title":"Characteristics of the community-genotype sequence type 72 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates that underlie their persistence in hospitals","volume":"54","author":"Joo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.11.018","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro biofilm formation and bactericidal activities of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones prevalent in Korea","volume":"70","author":"Cha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-9-229","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at the physiologic glucose concentration depends on the S.\u00a0aureus lineage","volume":"9","author":"Croes","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02280-06","article-title":"Association between methicillin susceptibility and biofilm regulation in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from device-related infections","volume":"45","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2016.36.6.536","article-title":"Prevalence of major methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clones in Korea between 2001 and 2008","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01260-12","article-title":"Accessory gene regulator (agr) dysfunction in Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream isolates from South Korean patients","volume":"57","author":"Chong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku475","article-title":"Community-associated MRSA strain ST72-SCCmecIV causing bloodstream infections: clinical outcomes and bacterial virulence factors","volume":"70","author":"Park","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5433","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00407-11","article-title":"Predictors of agr dysfunction in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates among patients with MRSA bloodstream infections","volume":"55","author":"Butterfield","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670120303406?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670120303406?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:16:45Z","timestamp":1759292205000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670120303406"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0195670120303406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effects of subinhibitory concentrations of chlorhexidine and mupirocin on biofilm formation in clinical meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.07.010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}