{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T16:12:08Z","timestamp":1790179928558,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["007\/0203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["007\/0203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,19]],"date-time":"2021-01-19T11:47:23Z","timestamp":1611056843000},"page":"15-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Improved surveillance of surgical instruments reprocessing following the variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease crisis in England: findings from a three-year survey"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"R.C.","family":"Herv\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Hedges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.W.","family":"Keevil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib1","first-page":"106","article-title":"Acquisition of proteinaceous contamination through the handling of surgical instruments by hospital staff in sterile service departments","volume":"10","author":"Howlin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Prevent"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2017.06.018","article-title":"Effect of hand hygiene and glove use on cleanliness of reusable surgical instruments","volume":"97","author":"Costa","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/66.1.255","article-title":"Acquired prion disease: iatrogenic CJD, variant CJD, kuru","volume":"66","author":"Will","year":"2003","journal-title":"Br Med Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(83)90207-6","article-title":"A\u00a0protease-resistant protein is a structural component of the scrapie prion","volume":"35","author":"Mckinley","year":"1983","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib5","article-title":"Identification of a 30,000 molecular-weight protein purifying with scrapie prions","volume":"31","author":"Prusiner","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.02.017","article-title":"Biochemical and microbial contamination of surgical devices: a quantitative analysis","volume":"43","author":"Cloutman-Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.06.030","article-title":"Cleaning efficacy of medical device washers in North American healthcare facilities","volume":"74","author":"Alfa","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.01.024","article-title":"Current risk of iatrogenic Creutzfeld-Jakob disease in the UK: efficacy of available cleaning chemistries and reusability of neurosurgical instruments","volume":"75","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"347","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)91412-9","article-title":"A\u00a0new variant of Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease in the UK","volume":"6","author":"Will","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-842X.2005.tb00198.x","article-title":"Variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease: implications for the health care system","volume":"29","author":"Dunstan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1086\/507030","article-title":"Methods to minimize the risks of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease transmission by surgical procedures: where to set the standard?","volume":"43","author":"Sutton","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2821","article-title":"Effect of fixation on brain and lymphoreticular vCJD prions and bioassay of key positive specimens from a retrospective vCJD prevalence study","volume":"223","author":"Wadsworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2013.01.007","article-title":"Iatrogenic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease via surgical instruments","volume":"20","author":"Thomas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2006.07.007","article-title":"The sensitivity of approved Ninhydrin and Biuret tests in the assessment of protein contamination on surgical steel as an aid to prevent iatrogenic prion transmission","volume":"64","author":"Lipscomb","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12837","article-title":"Improved recovery of Listeria monocytogenes from stainless steel and polytetrafluoroethylene surfaces using air\/water ablation","volume":"119","author":"Giao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib16","series-title":"Health technical Memorandum (HTM) 01-01","author":"English","year":"2013"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2003.0293","article-title":"Rapid detection of biofilms and adherent pathogens using scanning confocal laser microscopy and episcopic differential interference contrast microscopy","volume":"47","author":"Keevil","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2009.01.017","article-title":"A\u00a0rapid dual staining procedure for the quantitative discrimination of prion amyloid from tissues reveals how interactions between amyloid and lipids in tissue homogenates may hinder the detection of prions","volume":"77","author":"Herv\u00e9","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Meth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146833","article-title":"Rapid and highly sensitive detection of variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease abnormal prion protein on steel surfaces by protein misfolding cyclic amplification: application to prion decontamination studies","volume":"11","author":"Belondrade","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24993","DOI":"10.1038\/srep24993","article-title":"A\u00a0direct assessment of human prion adhered to steel wire using real-time quaking-induced conversion","volume":"6","author":"Mori","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3805","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.80346-0","article-title":"Decontamination of surgical instruments from prion proteins: in\u00a0vitro studies on the detachment, destabilization and degradation of PrPSc bound to steel surfaces","volume":"85","author":"Lemmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Gen Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f5675","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f5675","article-title":"Prevalent abnormal prion protein in human appendixes after bovine spongiform encephalopathy epizootic: large scale survey","volume":"347","author":"Gill","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"417","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib23","first-page":"9","article-title":"Prion seeding activity and infectivity in skin samples from patients with sporadic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease","author":"Orru","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.09.004","article-title":"Limited efficacy of steam sterilization to inactivate vCJD infectivity","volume":"80","author":"Fernie","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1590\/S0080-623420160000400005","article-title":"Endotoxins in surgical instruments of hip arthroplasty","volume":"50","author":"Goveia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Esc Enferm USP"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.09.006","article-title":"Reprocessing safety issues associated with complex-design orthopaedic loaned surgical instruments and implants","volume":"49","author":"Costa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/08927014.2013.839782","article-title":"Dental handpiece contamination: a proteomics and surface analysis approach","volume":"30","author":"Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biofouling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.03.001","article-title":"Reducing the risk of iatrogenic Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease by improving the cleaning of neurosurgical instruments","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670121000220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670121000220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:18:06Z","timestamp":1759292286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670121000220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0195670121000220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Improved surveillance of surgical instruments reprocessing following the variant Creutzfeldt\u2013Jakob disease crisis in England: findings from a three-year survey","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.01.005","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}