{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:51:10Z","timestamp":1788432670314,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,6]],"date-time":"2022-01-06T03:26:36Z","timestamp":1641439596000},"page":"9-26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in hospitals and long-term care facilities for reducing hospital- and facility-acquired bacterial and viral infections: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"R.E.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.C.","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Conly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Lorenzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2018.10.014","article-title":"Exposure to infected\/colonized roommates and prior room occupants increases the risks of healthcare-associated infections with the same organism","volume":"101","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2020.04.007","article-title":"High prevalence of multidrug-resistant organism colonization in 28 nursing homes: an \u201ciceberg effect\u201d","volume":"21","author":"McKinnell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0570-y","article-title":"The prevalence of healthcare associated infections among adult inpatients at nineteen large Australian acute-care public hospitals: a point prevalence survey","volume":"8","author":"Russo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.018","article-title":"The survival and inactivation of enteric viruses on soft surfaces: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"44","author":"Yeargin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.02.008","article-title":"Effectiveness and core components of infection prevention and control programmes in long-term care facilities: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib6","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, version 6.2 (updated February 2021)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib7","unstructured":"Covidence. https:\/\/get.covidence.org\/cochrane [last accessed October 2021]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31588-4","article-title":"Enhanced terminal room disinfection and acquisition and infection caused by multidrug-resistant organisms and Clostridium difficile (the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room Disinfection study): a cluster-randomised, multicentre, crossover study","volume":"389","author":"Anderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.268","article-title":"Implementation lessons learned from the Benefits of Enhanced Terminal Room (BETR) Disinfection Study: process and perceptions of enhanced disinfection with ultraviolet disinfection devices","volume":"39","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30278-0","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.205","article-title":"Self-monitoring by environmental services may not accurately measure thoroughness of hospital room cleaning","volume":"38","author":"Knelson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microbial assessment of healthcare-associated pathogens on various environmental sites in patient rooms after terminal room disinfection","author":"Kanamori","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.03.010","article-title":"Prospective cluster controlled crossover trial to compare the impact of an improved hydrogen peroxide disinfectant and a quaternary ammonium-based disinfectant on surface contamination and health care outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Boyce","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569.e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.04.008","article-title":"A\u00a0short-term, multicomponent infection control program in nursing homes: a cluster randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Chami","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Dir Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2018.04.015","article-title":"Impact of an ultraviolet air sterilizer on cardiac surgery patients, a randomized clinical trial","volume":"151","author":"Heredia-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu935","article-title":"A\u00a0cluster-randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention protocol for pneumonia prevention among nursing home elders","volume":"60","author":"Juthani-Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib18","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized controlled trial of the effect of accelerated copper textiles on healthcare-associated infections and multidrug-resistant organisms: the \u2018Investigating Microbial Pathogen Activity of Copper Textiles\u2019 (IMPACT) Study. S568","volume":"5","author":"Lautenbach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.02.006","article-title":"The effect of copper-oxide-treated soft and hard surfaces on the incidence of healthcare-associated infections: a two-phase study","volume":"105","author":"Marik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30714-X","article-title":"An environmental cleaning bundle and health-care associated infections in hospitals (REACH): a multicentre randomised trial","volume":"19","author":"Mitchell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.02.003","article-title":"Changes in knowledge and attitudes of hospital environmental cleaning staff: the Researching Effectiveness Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study","volume":"46","author":"Mitchell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-020-0694-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of a structured, framework-based approach to implementation: the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) trial","volume":"9","author":"Hall","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2015.132","article-title":"A\u00a0targeted infection prevention intervention in nursing home residents with indwelling devices: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"175","author":"Mody","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.03.016","article-title":"Making infection prevention education interactive can enhance knowledge and improve outcomes: results from the targeted infection prevention (TIP) study","volume":"44","author":"Koo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1086\/670207","article-title":"Copper surfaces reduce the rate of healthcare-acquired infections in the intensive care unit","volume":"34","author":"Salgado","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.03.006","article-title":"Cluster randomised controlled trial of an infection control education and training intervention programme focusing on meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in nursing homes for older people","volume":"76","author":"Baldwin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.74","article-title":"Universal screening and decolonization for control of MRSA in nursing homes: a cluster randomized controlled study","volume":"36","author":"Bellini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.04.251","article-title":"Reduction of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in long-term care is possible while maintaining patient socialization: a prospective randomized clinical trial","volume":"44","author":"Peterson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.05.011","article-title":"Impact of Detection, Education, Research and Decolonization without Isolation in Long-term care (DERAIL) on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and transmission at 3 long-term care facilities","volume":"42","author":"Schora","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2017.76","article-title":"A\u00a0multicenter randomized trial to determine the effect of an environmental disinfection intervention on the incidence of healthcare-associated Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"38","author":"Ray","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1216064","article-title":"Diverse sources of C.\u00a0difficile infection identified on whole-genome sequencing","volume":"369","author":"Eyre","year":"2013","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001172","article-title":"Characterisation of Clostridium difficile hospital ward-based transmission using extensive epidemiological data and molecular typing","volume":"9","author":"Walker","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1086\/597232","article-title":"Comparison of the efficacy of a hydrogen peroxide dry-mist system and sodium hypochlorite for eradication of Clostridium difficile spores","volume":"30","author":"Barbut","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib34","first-page":"CD006207","article-title":"Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses","author":"Jefferson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2017.03.003","article-title":"Implementing a pilot trial of an infection control program in nursing homes: results of a matched cluster randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"McConeghy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Direct Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.08.030","article-title":"Impact of a multicomponent hand hygiene related intervention on the infectious risk in nursing homes: a cluster randomized trial","volume":"46","author":"Temime","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1086\/657636","article-title":"Clustered randomized controlled trial of a hand hygiene intervention involving pocket-sized containers of alcohol-based hand rub for the control of infections in long-term care facilities","volume":"32","author":"Yeung","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31142-9","article-title":"Physical distancing, face masks, and eye protection to prevent person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"395","author":"Chu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2020.09.005","article-title":"Does copper treatment of commonly touched surfaces reduce healthcare-acquired infections? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"106","author":"Albarqouni","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670121004588?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670121004588?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T21:15:10Z","timestamp":1764105310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670121004588"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0195670121004588"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2021.12.22.21268185","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in hospitals and long-term care facilities for reducing hospital- and facility-acquired bacterial and viral infections: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.12.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}