{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:48:43Z","timestamp":1786992523607,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T02:03:56Z","timestamp":1656381836000},"page":"101-110","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against the monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Kampf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreak among pet owners","volume":"169","author":"Maskalyk","year":"2003","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib2","series-title":"Monkeypox: Background Information. The Epidemiology, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Management of Monkeypox Virus Infections","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"o1314","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.o1314","article-title":"Investigating the monkeypox outbreak","volume":"377","author":"Dye","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-022-01493-6","article-title":"Monkeypox outbreaks: 4 key questions researchers have","volume":"606","author":"Kozlov","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010141","article-title":"The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox-A potential threat? A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Bunge","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib6","series-title":"Multi-country Monkeypox Outbreak: Situation Update","author":"WHO","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00228-6","article-title":"Clinical features and management of human monkeypox: a retrospective observational study in the UK","author":"Adler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit703","article-title":"Human Monkeypox","volume":"58","author":"Wilson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the epidemiology of human monkeypox outbreaks and implications for outbreak strategy","volume":"13","author":"Beer","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib10","first-page":"399","article-title":"Environmental persistence of vaccinia virus on materials","volume":"57","author":"Wood","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lett Appl\u00a0Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib11","first-page":"710","article-title":"Effect of temperature and relative humidity on variola virus in crusts","volume":"54","author":"Huq","year":"1976","journal-title":"Bull World Heal Org"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-5","article-title":"Suitability of vaccinia virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) for determining activities of three commonly-used alcohol-based hand rubs against enveloped viruses","volume":"7","author":"Kampf","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.08.005","article-title":"Comparison of virucidal activity of alcohol-based hand sanitizers versus antimicrobial hand soaps in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"82","author":"Steinmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1281","article-title":"Spectrum of antimicrobial activity and user acceptability of the hand disinfectant agent Sterillium Gel","volume":"52","author":"Kampf","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix046","article-title":"Virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended formulations against enveloped viruses, including Zika, Ebola, and emerging coronaviruses","volume":"215","author":"Siddharta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib16","first-page":"70","article-title":"Antiviral action of germicides","volume":"39","author":"Klein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Soap Chem Spec"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1128\/am.3.6.333-336.1955","article-title":"Virucidal activity of representative antiinfective agents against influenza A and vaccinia virus","volume":"3","author":"Groupe","year":"1955","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-185","article-title":"Can vaccinia virus be replaced by MVA virus for testing virucidal activity of chemical disinfectants?","volume":"10","author":"Rabenau","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1111-9","article-title":"Povidone-iodine hand wash and hand rub products demonstrated excellent in\u00a0vitro virucidal efficacy against Ebola virus and modified vaccinia virus Ankara, the new European test virus for enveloped viruses","volume":"15","author":"Eggers","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib20","first-page":"Doc02","article-title":"Virucidal efficacy of a sonicated hydrogen peroxide system (trophon((R)) EPR) following European and German test methods","volume":"12","author":"Becker","year":"2017","journal-title":"GMS Hyg Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-765X.2004.01561.x","article-title":"Virucidal activity of the new disinfectant monopercitric acid","volume":"39","author":"Wutzler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.06.004","article-title":"Virion disruption by ozone-mediated reactive oxygen species","volume":"153","author":"Murray","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Virol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-014-9781-0","article-title":"Inactivation of bacterial and viral biothreat agents on metallic copper surfaces","volume":"27","author":"Bleichert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biometals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112227","article-title":"Potential of an eco-sustainable probiotic-cleaning formulation in reducing infectivity of enveloped viruses","volume":"13","author":"D\u2019Accolti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5760","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00110-07","article-title":"Characterization of UVC light sensitivity of vaccinia virus","volume":"73","author":"McDevitt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3186","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003186","article-title":"Inactivation of poxviruses by upper-room UVC light in a simulated hospital room environment","volume":"3","author":"McDevitt","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.11-0144","article-title":"Susceptibility of Vaccinia virus to chemical disinfectants","volume":"85","author":"de Oliveira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.01.012","article-title":"Rapid inactivation of vaccinia virus\u00a0in suspension and dried on surfaces","volume":"57","author":"Ferrier","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-015-0091-9","article-title":"Rapid and effective virucidal activity of povidone-iodine products against Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara (MVA)","volume":"4","author":"Eggers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1128\/am.12.2.132-137.1964","article-title":"Inactivation of viruses by benzalkonium chloride","volume":"12","author":"Armstrong","year":"1964","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7169","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02462-14","article-title":"Surface-dried viruses can resist glucoprotamin-based disinfection","volume":"80","author":"Zeitler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.05.016","article-title":"Disinfection efficacy against parvoviruses compared with reference viruses","volume":"73","author":"Eterpi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2007.01094.x","article-title":"Substitution of vaccinia virus Elstree by modified vaccinia virus Ankara to test the virucidal efficacy of chemical disinfectants","volume":"55","author":"Hartnack","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zoonoses Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.32.2.209-212.1976","article-title":"Effect of disinfectants on variola virus in cell culture","volume":"32","author":"Tanabe","year":"1976","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(75)91248-9","article-title":"Letter: Disinfectants and smallpox","volume":"1","author":"Kelsey","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib36","first-page":"45","article-title":"[Experiments on disinfection of vaccinia virus embedded in scabs and\/or at the hand]","volume":"164","author":"Schuemann","year":"1977","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.3390\/v13112173","article-title":"The efficacy of disinfection on modified vaccinia Ankara and African swine fever virus in various forest soil types","volume":"13","author":"Tanneberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib38","first-page":"984","article-title":"Stability of\u00a0SARS-CoV-2 on critical personal protective equipment","volume":"11","author":"Kasloff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci\u00a0Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.06.020","article-title":"Virucidal activity of a new hand disinfectant with reduced ethanol content: comparison with other alcohol-based formulations","volume":"62","author":"Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670122002006?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670122002006?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:21:37Z","timestamp":1759292497000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670122002006"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0195670122002006"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy of biocidal agents and disinfectants against the monkeypox virus and other orthopoxviruses","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.06.012","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}