{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T15:37:16Z","timestamp":1789659436974,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017412","name":"BD","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017412","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T21:19:02Z","timestamp":1661807942000},"page":"8-16","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antimicrobial persistence of two alcoholic preoperative skin preparation solutions"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Beausoleil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.L.","family":"Comstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Eby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.C.","family":"Zook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib1","series-title":"Report on the burden of endemic health care-associated infection worldwide","year":"2011"},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2018.23.46.1800516","article-title":"Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections, estimated incidence and composite antimicrobial resistance index in acute care hospitals and long-term care facilities: results from two European point prevalence surveys, 2016 to 2017","volume":"23","author":"Suetens","year":"2018","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1086\/676022","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update","volume":"35","author":"Anderson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1177\/003335490712200205","article-title":"Estimating health care-associated infections and deaths in U.S. hospitals, 2002","volume":"122","author":"Klevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.9763","article-title":"Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system","volume":"173","author":"Zimlichman","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib6","series-title":"The direct medical costs of healthcare-associated infections in US hospitals and the benefits of prevention","author":"Scott","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib7","series-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2008.10.008","article-title":"Interventions to decrease catheter-related bloodstream infections in the ICU: the Keystone Intensive Care Unit Project","volume":"36","author":"Pronovost","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.4065\/81.9.1159","article-title":"The risk of bloodstream infection in adults with different intravascular devices: a systematic review of 200 published prospective studies","volume":"81","author":"Maki","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-132-5-200003070-00009","article-title":"Prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"132","author":"Mermel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.136.2.229","article-title":"Increased resource use associated with catheter-related bloodstream infection in the surgical intensive care unit","volume":"136","author":"Dimick","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.134184","article-title":"Catheter-related bloodstream infections","volume":"4","author":"Gahlot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib13","series-title":"Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs)","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709583","article-title":"Novel approach to investigate a source of microbial contamination of central venous catheters","volume":"16","author":"Elliott","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000087985.92227.FB","article-title":"Early identification of bacteria leading to central venous catheter contamination","volume":"97","author":"Jeske","year":"2003","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1086\/526439","article-title":"Cohort study of the pathogenesis and molecular epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infection in neonates with peripherally inserted central venous catheters","volume":"29","author":"Garland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib17","series-title":"Infections associated with indwelling medical devices","article-title":"Infections caused by intravascular devices used for infusion therapy: pathogenesis, prevention, and management","author":"Maki","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5562690","article-title":"Catheter-related bloodstream infections and catheter colonization among haemodialysis patients: prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes","volume":"2021","author":"Shahar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1001\/jamasurg.2017.0904","article-title":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 2017","volume":"152","author":"Berr\u00edos-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib20","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation","author":"Block","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(98)70021-5","article-title":"Povidone iodine gel alcohol: a 30-second, onetime application preoperative skin preparation","volume":"26","author":"Jeng","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib22","series-title":"Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib23","first-page":"244","article-title":"A\u00a0clinical study comparing the\u00a0skin antisepsis and safety of ChloraPrep, 70% isopropyl alcohol, and 2% aqueous chlorhexidine","volume":"25","author":"Hibbard","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infus Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib24","series-title":"Special problems in chemotherapy","first-page":"367","article-title":"Chlorhexidine: attempts to detect percutaneous absorption in man","author":"Case","year":"1976"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.01.005","article-title":"Dermal absorption of isopropyl alcohol from a commercial hand rub: implications for its use in hand decontamination","volume":"56","author":"Turner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01320-06","article-title":"Can alcohol-based hand-rub solutions cause you to lose your driver\u2019s license? Comparative cutaneous absorption of various alcohols","volume":"51","author":"Brown","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib27","first-page":"194","article-title":"Analyses comparing the antimicrobial activity and safety of current antiseptic agents: a review","volume":"28","author":"Hibbard","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infus Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2021.10.031","article-title":"Antimicrobial performance of two preoperative skin preparation solutions containing iodine and isopropyl alcohol","volume":"50","author":"Bashir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.118843","article-title":"A\u00a0new, water-resistant, film-forming, 30-second, one-step application iodophor preoperative skin preparation","volume":"29","author":"Jeng","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(86)90477-0","article-title":"Chemical and microbiologic characteristics and toxicity of povidone-iodine solutions","volume":"151","author":"Zamora","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1966.5","article-title":"The permeability of skin to albumin, dextrans and polyvinyl pyrrolidone","volume":"46","author":"Tregear","year":"1966","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib32","first-page":"60474","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of health care antiseptics; topical antimicrobial drug products for over-the-counter human use. Final rule","volume":"82","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib33","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation","article-title":"Chlorhexidine","author":"Denton","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib34","first-page":"25166","article-title":"Safety and effectiveness of health care antiseptics; topical antimicrobial drug products for over-the-counter human use. Tentative final monograph","volume":"80","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fed Regist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.04.323","article-title":"Evaluation with a focus on both the antimicrobial efficacy and cumulative skin irritation potential of chlorhexidine gluconate alcohol-containing preoperative skin preparations","volume":"40","author":"Nishihara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib36","volume":"E1054","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib37","volume":"vol E1173","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0803600404","article-title":"Chlorhexidine \u2013 pharmacology and clinical applications","volume":"36","author":"Lim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anaesth Intens Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.1.147","article-title":"Antiseptics and disinfectants: activity, action, and resistance","volume":"12","author":"McDonnell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib40","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation","first-page":"229","article-title":"Chapter 12: Alcohols","author":"Ali","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0000000000000881","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in continuous flow left ventricular assist device recipients: diagnostic and clinical implications","volume":"65","author":"Kyvernitakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"ASAIO J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e959","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20170918-02","article-title":"Complications associated with pelvic external fixation","volume":"40","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11411116","article-title":"National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) Dialysis event surveillance report for 2014","volume":"12","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1080\/03007995.2021.1953971","article-title":"Epidemiology of skin event rates among users of pumps for the subcutaneous administration of drugs for chronic conditions","volume":"37","author":"Jick","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1086\/671006","article-title":"Infection related to implantable central venous access devices in cancer patients: epidemiology and risk factors","volume":"34","author":"Freire","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106630","article-title":"Complications of intrathecal drug delivery therapy (ITDD): a retrospective study of 231 implantations between 1999 and 2014","volume":"205","author":"Necking","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9248-3","article-title":"Surgical site infection among women discharged with a drain in situ after breast cancer surgery","volume":"31","author":"Felippe","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5151.165007","article-title":"Complications of pericardiocentesis: a clinical synopsis","volume":"5","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Crit Illn Inj Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.001","article-title":"KDOQI Clinical practice guideline for vascular access: 2019 update","volume":"75","author":"Lok","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kid Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-019-0638-8","article-title":"APSIC guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infections","volume":"8","author":"Ling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-016-0116-5","article-title":"APSIC guide for prevention of central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)","volume":"5","author":"Ling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib52","series-title":"Healthcare-associated infections: prevention and control in primary and community care","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e162","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir257","article-title":"Guidelines for the prevention of intravascular catheter-related infections","volume":"52","author":"O\u2019Grady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1097\/DER.0000000000000417","article-title":"North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch test results: 2015\u20132016","volume":"29","author":"DeKoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1511048","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial comparing skin antiseptic agents at cesarean delivery","volume":"374","author":"Tuuli","year":"2016","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810988","article-title":"Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis","volume":"362","author":"Darouiche","year":"2010","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.08.010","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial that compared povidone iodine and chlor-hexidine as antiseptics for vaginal hysterectomy","volume":"192","author":"Culligan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00768","article-title":"Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in shoulder surgery","volume":"91","author":"Saltzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01977","article-title":"Efficacy of surgical preparation solutions in foot and ankle surgery","volume":"87","author":"Ostrander","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.27","article-title":"Antiseptic efficacy of an innovative perioperative surgical skin preparation: a confirmatory FDA phase 3 analysis","volume":"41","author":"Edmiston","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)00244-5","article-title":"Skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone iodine-alcohol, with and without skin scrubbing, for prevention of intravascular-catheter-related infection (CLEAN): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, two-by-two factorial trial","volume":"386","author":"Mimoz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2066","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.19.2066","article-title":"Chlorhexidine-based antiseptic solution vs alcohol-based povidone-iodine for central venous catheter care","volume":"167","author":"Mimoz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670122002717?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670122002717?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:21:05Z","timestamp":1759292465000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670122002717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"references-count":62,"alternative-id":["S0195670122002717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antimicrobial persistence of two alcoholic preoperative skin preparation solutions","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.08.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}