{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T02:00:10Z","timestamp":1788314410757,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017138","name":"Region V\u00e4stra G\u00f6taland Regional Executive Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALFGBG-965217"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALFGBG-965217"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017138","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T17:01:57Z","timestamp":1760115717000},"page":"121-137","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Correlation of airborne bacteria in the operating room with surgical wound contamination and surgical site infection: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"166","author":[{"given":"J.","family":"Seth Caous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Svensson Malchau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bj\u00f6rn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lytsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Rolfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Erichsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61798-0","article-title":"Periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"387","author":"Kapadia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib2","series-title":"International Consensus Meeting (ICM) on musculoskeletal infection","first-page":"267","article-title":"PART II, HIP AND KNEE Section 1: Prevention, 1.1. Host Related","author":"Richard Iorio","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1503\/cjs.017916","article-title":"Analyzing the risk factors influencing surgical site infections: the site of environmental factors","volume":"60","author":"Alfonso-Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.04.023","article-title":"Surgical site infections linked to contaminated surgical instruments","volume":"81","author":"Dancer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.06.027","article-title":"Environment of care: is it time to reassess microbial contamination of the operating room air as a risk factor for surgical site infection in total joint arthroplasty?","volume":"45","author":"Parvizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(82)90004-4","article-title":"The importance of airborne bacterial contamination of wounds","volume":"3","author":"Whyte","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib7","first-page":"200","article-title":"Ventilation of the operating theater in relation on the prevention of airborne infection","volume":"38","author":"Lidwell","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Int Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687807101106","article-title":"Multi-hospital trial on the use of ultraclean air systems in orthopaedic operating rooms to reduce infection: preliminary communication","volume":"71","author":"Lowbury","year":"1978","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560902","article-title":"Postoperative infection in total prosthetic replacement arthroplasty of the hip-joint. With special reference to the bacterial content of the air of the operating room","volume":"56","author":"Charnley","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197209000-00020","article-title":"Postoperative infection after total hip replacement with special reference to air contamination in the operating room","volume":"87","author":"Charnley","year":"1972","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30059-2","article-title":"Effect of laminar airflow ventilation on surgical site infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Bischoff","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2012.04.008","article-title":"Influence of laminar airflow on prosthetic joint infections: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Gastmeier","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.04.021","article-title":"Ultraclean air systems and the claim that laminar airflow systems fail to prevent deep infections after total joint arthroplasty","volume":"103","author":"Whyte","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.04.022","article-title":"Ventilation design conditions associated with airborne bacteria levels within the wound area during surgical procedures: a systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Aganovic","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib15","first-page":"22","article-title":"Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system, microbial air contamination and surgical site infection in hip and knee arthroplasties: the GISIO-SItI Ischia study","volume":"30","author":"Pasquarella","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ig"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1111\/jep.13271","article-title":"Operating room ventilation \u2013 validation of reported data on 108 067 primary total hip arthroplasties in the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register","volume":"26","author":"Langvatn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eval Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2023.67","article-title":"Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute-care hospitals: 2022 update","volume":"44","author":"Calderwood","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2019.35","article-title":"Motion-capture system to assess intraoperative staff movements and door openings: impact on surrogates of the infectious risk in surgery","volume":"40","author":"Birgand","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1086\/501910","article-title":"Routes and sources of Staphylococcus aureus transmitted to the surgical wound during cardiothoracic surgery: possibility preventing wound contamination by use of special scrub suits","volume":"22","author":"Tammelin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib20","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib21","article-title":"Surgical wound classification and surgical site infections in the orthopaedic patient","volume":"1","author":"Onyekwelu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan \u2013 a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.10.012","article-title":"Innovative tools for quality assessment: integrated quality criteria for review of multiple study designs (ICROMS)","volume":"133","author":"Zingg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib24","article-title":"Synthesis without meta-analysis (SWiM) in systematic reviews: reporting guideline","volume":"368","author":"Campbell","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(84)90099-9","article-title":"Non-sporeforming anaerobic bacteria in clean surgical wounds \u2013 air and skin contamination","volume":"5","author":"Benediktsdottir","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.01.026","article-title":"Air contamination for predicting wound contamination in clean surgery: a large multicenter study","volume":"43","author":"Birgand","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01432-0","article-title":"Spread of coagulase-negative staphylococci during cardiac operations in a modern operating room","volume":"69","author":"Bitkover","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B4.13363","article-title":"Body-exhaust suit versus occlusive clothing. A randomised, prospective trial using air and wound bacterial counts","volume":"85","author":"Der Tavitian","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.285.6334.10","article-title":"Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomised study","volume":"285","author":"Lidwell","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(83)90041-5","article-title":"Airborne contamination of wounds in joint replacement operations: the relationship to sepsis rates","volume":"4","author":"Lidwell","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-197701000-00035","article-title":"Airborne contamination in orthopedic surgery. Evaluation of laminar air flow system and aspiration suit","author":"Franco","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(88)90102-8","article-title":"Computer assisted analysis of wound infection in neurosurgery","volume":"11","author":"Mehta","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.240","article-title":"Association of airborne microorganisms in the operating room with implant infections: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Darouiche","year":"2017","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03653-z","article-title":"Implant contamination as a cause of surgical site infection in spinal surgery: are single-use implants a reasonable solution? A systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Sch\u00f6mig","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756-015-0042-y","article-title":"Hand hygiene and aseptic techniques during routine anesthetic care \u2013 observations in the operating room","volume":"4","author":"Megeus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antimicrob Resist Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2018.363","article-title":"Surgical site infections and the microbiome: an updated perspective","volume":"40","author":"Wenzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920-024-02044-w","article-title":"Development of a clinical metagenomics workflow for the diagnosis of wound infections","volume":"17","author":"Halford","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med Genomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.11.007","article-title":"Genetic relationship between bacteria isolated from intraoperative air samples and surgical site infections at a major teaching hospital in Ghana","volume":"104","author":"Stauning","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2015.04.453","article-title":"Predictors of surgical site infection after hospital discharge in patients undergoing major vascular surgery","volume":"62","author":"Wiseman","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2020.1316","article-title":"The effect of type of ventilation used in the operating room and surgical site infection: a meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Bao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B1.24862","article-title":"Does the use of laminar flow and space suits reduce early deep infection after total hip and knee replacement? The ten-year results of the New Zealand joint registry","volume":"93B","author":"Hooper","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1884","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.01.021","article-title":"The impact of patient and surgical factors on the rate of postoperative infection after total hip arthroplasty \u2013 a New Zealand Joint Registry Study","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-9493-6-23","article-title":"Comparison of three distinct surgical clothing systems for protection from air-borne bacteria: a prospective observational study","volume":"6","author":"Tammelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2013.03.007","article-title":"Single-use surgical clothing system for reduction of airborne bacteria in the operating room","volume":"84","author":"Tammelin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2021.11.005","article-title":"Can clothing systems and human activity in operating rooms with mixed flow ventilation systems help achieve the ultraclean air requirement (<\/=10 CFU\/m3) during orthopaedic surgeries?","volume":"120","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.02.001","article-title":"Comparison between mixed and laminar airflow systems in operating rooms and the influence of human factors: experiences from a Swedish orthopedic center","volume":"42","author":"Erichsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2020.361","article-title":"High number of door openings increases the bacterial load of the operating room","volume":"22","author":"Lansing","year":"2021","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.100B10.BJJ-2018-0400.R1","article-title":"The effectiveness of ultra-clean air operating theatres in the prevention of deep infection in joint arthroplasty surgery","volume":"100-B","author":"Thomas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670125002919?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670125002919?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:45:48Z","timestamp":1773315948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670125002919"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["S0195670125002919"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Correlation of airborne bacteria in the operating room with surgical wound contamination and surgical site infection: a systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.09.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Healthcare Infection Society.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}