{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T22:56:13Z","timestamp":1793746573216,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofhospitalinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:39:21Z","timestamp":1768264761000},"page":"176-192","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in adults with hospital-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Ablakimova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rachina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Strelkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Suvorov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Smagulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61458-4","article-title":"Burden of endemic health-care-associated infection in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"377","author":"Allegranzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S177247","article-title":"Health care-associated infections - an overview","volume":"11","author":"Haque","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274248","article-title":"Global prevalence of nosocomial infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Raoofi","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib4","series-title":"Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes at the national and acute health care facility level","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib5","series-title":"Data portal: healthcare-associated infections: data highlights from HAI hospital prevalence survey","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1004178","article-title":"Global incidence in hospital-associated infections resistant to antibiotics: an analysis of point prevalence surveys from 99 countries","volume":"20","author":"Balasubramanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00259-0","article-title":"Pneumonia","volume":"7","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Prim"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib8","first-page":"654","article-title":"Challenges in diagnosing post-COVID pneumonia in Kazakhstan\u2013the role of point-of-care testing: a letter to the editor","volume":"50","author":"Ablakimova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Iran J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2024.02.029","article-title":"Clinical challenge of diagnosing non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia and identifying causative pathogens: a narrative review","volume":"149","author":"Quarton","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12010213","article-title":"Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia: a literature review","volume":"12","author":"Miron","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.324.8942","article-title":"Frequency of hospital acquired pneumonia and its microbiological etiology in medical intensive care unit","volume":"32","author":"Imran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-021-01816-9","article-title":"Comprehensive risk assessment for hospital-acquired pneumonia: sociodemographic, clinical, and hospital environmental factors associated with the incidence of hospital-acquired pneumonia","volume":"22","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202102-126ED","article-title":"Accurately measuring preventable ventilator-associated pneumonia deaths using observational data: it's about time","volume":"18","author":"Albin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.14185","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of non\u2013ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia in 284 US hospitals using electronic surveillance criteria","volume":"6","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib15","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in hospitalized adults with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Ablakimova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Euro J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae234","article-title":"Rapid diagnostic tests and antimicrobial stewardship programs for the management of bloodstream infection: what is their relative contribution to improving clinical outcomes? A systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Peri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib17","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/02763869.2019.1588072","article-title":"PROSPERO: an international register of systematic review protocols","volume":"38","author":"Schiavo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med Ref Serv Q"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib19","first-page":"420","article-title":"The impact of patient, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) as a search strategy tool on literature search quality: a systematic review","volume":"106","author":"Eriksen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Lib Assoc: JMLA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-076335","article-title":"Updated recommendations for the Cochrane rapid review methods guidance for rapid reviews of effectiveness","volume":"384","author":"Garritty","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib21","series-title":"Doing meta-analysis with R: a hands-on guide","author":"Harrer","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682221110527","article-title":"Fixed-effect vs random-effects models for meta-analysis: 3 points to consider","volume":"12","author":"Dettori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Global Spine J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib24","series-title":"robvis: an R package and web application for visualising risk-of-bias assessments","author":"McGuinness","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib25","first-page":"13","article-title":"Diagnostic performance and impact on antimicrobial treatment of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction in critically ill patients with pneumonia: a multicenter observational study (The MORICUP-PCR Study: Morocco ICU pneumonia-PCR study)","volume":"7","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Crit Care Explor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2024.02.010","article-title":"Application of a multiplex molecular pneumonia panel and real-world impact on antimicrobial stewardship among patients with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care units","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-024-07772-2","volume":"51","author":"Enne","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib28","first-page":"9","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of the BioFire respiratory pathogen panel for the guidance of empirical antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with hospital-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, quality improvement project","volume":"43","author":"Poulain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2009.01045.x","article-title":"Implementation of treatment guidelines to support judicious use of antibiotic therapy","volume":"35","author":"Deuster","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.12.315","article-title":"Do antimicrobial stewardship programs improve the quality of care in ICU patients diagnosed with infectious diseases following consultation? experience in a tertiary care hospital","volume":"115","author":"Gursoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2024-002926","article-title":"Efficacy of quality improvement interventions on antibiotic prescription practices for ventilator-associated pneumonia at a tertiary care centre: a prospective pre-post interventional study","volume":"13","author":"Kumar","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ Open Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-020-00377-9","article-title":"The effect of an antibiotic stewardship program on tigecycline use in a tertiary care hospital, an intervention study","volume":"19","author":"Moghnieh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib33","article-title":"Antibiotic stewardship in hospital-acquired pneumonia","volume":"16","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.19.2588","article-title":"Comparison of 8 vs 15 days of antibiotic therapy for ventilator-associated pneumonia in adults - a randomized trial","volume":"290","author":"Chastre","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA-J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10071-24767","article-title":"Polymyxin B plus aerosolized colistin vs Polymyxin B alone in hospital-acquired pneumonia (\"AEROCOL\u201d Study): a feasibility study","volume":"28","author":"Ghosh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1080\/15321819.2019.1696818","article-title":"Comparison of two therapeutic approaches for the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia due to multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter: a randomized clinical trial study","volume":"41","author":"Khorvash","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Immunoassay Immunochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.6136","article-title":"Effect of gram stain-guided initial antibiotic therapy on clinical response in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: the GRACE-VAP randomized clinical trial","volume":"5","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.12.023","article-title":"A quasi-experimental study of a bundled diagnostic stewardship intervention for ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"30","author":"Albin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkad094","article-title":"A multifaceted strategy to optimize pharmacokinetics of antimicrobial therapy in patients with hospital-acquired infections\u2014a monocentre quality improvement project","volume":"78","author":"Lagarde","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofae500","article-title":"Improving antibiotic use for ventilator-associated pneumonia through diagnostic stewardship: a proof-of-concept mixed methods study","volume":"11","author":"Tripathi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw870","article-title":"Ultra-short-course antibiotics for patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia but minimal and stable ventilator settings","volume":"64","author":"Klompas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318287f713","article-title":"Early antibiotic discontinuation in patients with clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia and negative quantitative bronchoscopy cultures","volume":"41","author":"Raman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200202000-00008","article-title":"Effect of enriched thioglycolate on direct examination of respiratory specimens and guiding initial empirical therapy in intubated patients with pneumonia: a prospective, randomized study","volume":"30","author":"Rello","year":"2002","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13030253","article-title":"Evaluation of hospital antimicrobial stewardship programs: implementation, process, impact, and outcomes, review of systematic reviews","volume":"13","author":"Abdel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6447","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-50805-z","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia: pathobiological heterogeneity and diagnostic challenges","volume":"15","author":"Howroyd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib46","article-title":"The clinical prediction model to distinguish between colonization and infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib47","article-title":"Optimizing patient outcomes in severe pneumonia: the role of multiplex PCR in the treatment of critically ill patients","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10638-7","article-title":"A bundle-based approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection: a multi-center study in Chinese tertiary hospitals","volume":"25","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000811","article-title":"Effectiveness of nurse-driven protocols in reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Su","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Nurs Care Qual"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00409-0","article-title":"Effectiveness of insertion and maintenance bundles to prevent central-line-associated bloodstream infections in critically ill patients of all ages: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ista","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F422","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2017-313362","article-title":"Care bundles to reduce central line-associated bloodstream infections in the neonatal unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"Payne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znac196","article-title":"Perioperative care bundles for the prevention of surgical-site infections: meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Wolfhagen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30325-0","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic stewardship on the incidence of infection and colonisation with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and Clostridium difficile infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Baur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1748","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku046","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic stewardship programmes on Clostridium difficile incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"69","author":"Feazel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108275","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia: mechanisms, an appraisal of current therapies and the role for inhaled antibiotics in prevention and treatment","author":"Howroyd","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13020162","article-title":"Practical lessons on antimicrobial therapy for critically Ill patients","volume":"13","author":"Cusack","year":"2024","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3042","DOI":"10.1002\/bcp.70185","article-title":"Dose individualisation of antibiotics in critically ill patients with inflammation: a narrative review","volume":"19","author":"Dr\u00e4ger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.11961","article-title":"Ventilator-associated pneumonia, ventilator-associated events, and nosocomial respiratory viral infections on the leeside of the pandemic","volume":"69","author":"Klompas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04991-3","article-title":"Unravelling the complexity of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic methodological literature review of diagnostic criteria and definitions used in clinical research","volume":"28","author":"Fally","year":"2024","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00582-2017","volume":"50","author":"Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Euro Resp J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.002","article-title":"The quality of studies evaluating antimicrobial stewardship interventions: a systematic review","volume":"25","author":"Schweitzer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2023.367","article-title":"Desirability of outcome ranking and response adjusted for antibiotic risk (DOOR\/RADAR) post hoc analysis supports equipoise for antibiotic initiation strategies in intensive care unit-acquired pneumonia","volume":"25","author":"Guidry","year":"2024","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2023.05.003","article-title":"Unlocking the DOOR-how to design, apply, analyse, and interpret desirability of outcome ranking endpoints in infectious diseases clinical trials","volume":"29","author":"Ong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hospital Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670126000046?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0195670126000046?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:03:04Z","timestamp":1777525384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0195670126000046"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["S0195670126000046"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0195-6701"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0195-6701","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antimicrobial stewardship interventions in adults with hospital-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hospital Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhin.2025.12.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}