{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T05:33:19Z","timestamp":1791005599357,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,1]],"date-time":"2007-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1170288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,2,3]],"date-time":"2007-02-03T07:46:06Z","timestamp":1170488766000},"page":"172-176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Pediatric Scaphoid Nonunion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"George D.","family":"Chloros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George S.","family":"Themistocleous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ethan R.","family":"Wiesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis S.","family":"Benetos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimitrios G.","family":"Efstathopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayotis N.","family":"Soucacos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198601000-00008","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures in children","volume":"6","author":"Christodoulou","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199501000-00015","article-title":"Bilateral non-union of the carpal scaphoid in a child","volume":"77A","author":"Littlefield","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(82)90103-6","article-title":"Two cases of non-union of carpal scaphoid fractures in children","volume":"13","author":"Maxted","year":"1982","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B1.7822406","article-title":"Nonunion of the scaphoid in children treated by Herbert screw fixation and bone grafting","volume":"77B","author":"Mintzer","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199903000-00020","article-title":"Surgical treatment of pediatric scaphoid fracture nonunions","volume":"19","author":"Mintzer","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/00016926109172830","article-title":"Injuries of the carpal scaphoid in children","volume":"56","author":"Mussbichler","year":"1961","journal-title":"Acta Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(83)90036-0","article-title":"Two cases of non-union of fractures of the scaphoid in children","volume":"15","author":"Onuba","year":"1983","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.59B1.321463","article-title":"Non-union of carpal scaphoid fractures in children","volume":"59B","author":"Southcott","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(87)80199-5","article-title":"Delayed union of the distal scaphoid in a child","volume":"12A","author":"Wilson-MacDonald","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/00009957-200401000-00007","article-title":"Non-union fractures of the scaphoid and carpal bones in children: surgical treatment","volume":"13","author":"Duteille","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200207000-00007","article-title":"Carpal scaphoid fracture nonunion in children","volume":"22","author":"Garcia-Mata","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199109000-00018","article-title":"Nonunion of a carpal scaphoid fracture in a child","volume":"5","author":"DeBoeck","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200305000-00025","article-title":"Operative management of pediatric scaphoid fracture nonunion","volume":"23","author":"Henderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1097\/00004694-200303000-00016","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures in children: problems and treatment","volume":"23","author":"Toh","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80025-8","article-title":"A technique for anterior wedge-shaped grafts for scaphoid nonunions with carpal instability","volume":"9A","author":"Fernandez","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01445-1","article-title":"Scaphoid nonunions","volume":"17","author":"Trumble","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198701000-00020","article-title":"Difficult wrist fractures","volume":"214","author":"Cooney","year":"1987","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2002.0820","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures in children","volume":"27B","author":"D\u2019Arienzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.3109\/17453678008990893","article-title":"Fracture of the carpal scaphoid in children","volume":"51","author":"Vahvanen","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01068-4","article-title":"Wrist and hand skeletal injuries in children","volume":"6","author":"Beatty","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(84)80106-9","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures in children","volume":"9A","author":"Greene","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560713","article-title":"Fractures of the carpal scaphoid in children","volume":"56","author":"Grundy","year":"1969","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib23","series-title":"Fractures in children","first-page":"323","article-title":"Fractures and dislocations of the hand and carpus in children","author":"Graham","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90204-F","article-title":"Natural history of scaphoid non-union, with special reference to \u201casymptomatic\u201d cases","volume":"17B","author":"Lindstrom","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00003","article-title":"The natural history of scaphoid non-union","volume":"66A","author":"Mack","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567030-00013","article-title":"The natural history of scaphoid non-union","volume":"67A","author":"Ruby","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90393-H","article-title":"Spontaneous correction of dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity with scaphoid malunion in the skeletally immature","volume":"18A","author":"Suzuki","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01447-5","article-title":"Scaphoid nonunion and malunion","volume":"17","author":"Fernandez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200206000-00004","article-title":"Surgical treatment of nonunion and avascular necrosis of the proximal part of the scaphoid in adolescents","volume":"84A","author":"Waters","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502306012585?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502306012585?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T16:28:09Z","timestamp":1683736089000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502306012585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502306012585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,2]]}}}