{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:20:50Z","timestamp":1792603250157,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,1]],"date-time":"2013-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008478","name":"Wake Forest School of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,4]],"date-time":"2013-01-04T20:00:44Z","timestamp":1357329644000},"page":"241-249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Biomechanical Contributions of Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor in the Context of Axillary Nerve Injury: A Computational Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Dustin L.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes F.","family":"Plate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00131402-200209000-00001","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury associated with shoulder trauma: a retrospective study and review of the literature","volume":"4","author":"Payne","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"368","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Axillary nerve injury","author":"Perlmutter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2010.05597.x","article-title":"Iatrogenic upper limb nerve injuries: a systematic review","volume":"81","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-009-0594-8","article-title":"Review of the surgical anatomy of the axillary nerve and the anatomic basis of its iatrogenic and traumatic injury","volume":"32","author":"Apaydin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2006.05.003","article-title":"The anatomic branch pattern of the axillary nerve","volume":"16","author":"Uz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411406477","article-title":"Outcome of axillary nerve injuries treated with nerve grafts","volume":"36","author":"Okazaki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00199-0","article-title":"Nerve transfer to deltoid muscle using the nerve to the long head of the triceps, part II: a report of 7 cases","volume":"28","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00219","article-title":"Shoulder strength in asymptomatic individuals with intact compared with torn rotator cuffs","volume":"91","author":"Kim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.10.007","article-title":"Characterizing upper limb muscle volume and strength in older adults: a comparison with young adults","volume":"45","author":"Vidt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668030-00013","article-title":"Clarification of the role of the supraspinatus muscle in shoulder function","volume":"68","author":"Howell","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(99)00052-2","article-title":"EMG and strength correlates of selected shoulder muscles during rotations of the glenohumeral joint","volume":"15","author":"David","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(97)70049-1","article-title":"Shoulder muscle moment arms during horizontal flexion and elevation","volume":"6","author":"Kuechle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-0033(96)00047-2","article-title":"Roles of deltoid and rotator cuff muscles in shoulder elevation","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199405000-00007","article-title":"Changes in the moment arms of the rotator cuff and deltoid muscles with abduction and rotation","volume":"76","author":"Otis","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2009.06.004","article-title":"Quantifying \u201cnormal\u201d shoulder muscle activity during abduction","volume":"20","author":"Wickham","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Electromyography Kinesiol"},{"issue":"257","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199008000-00016","article-title":"Muscle activity and coordination in the normal shoulder: an electromyographic study","author":"Kronberg","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.07.010","article-title":"Suprascapular nerve block results in a compensatory increase in deltoid muscle activity","volume":"40","author":"McCully","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020","article-title":"The influence of altering push force effectiveness on upper extremity demand during wheelchair propulsion","volume":"43","author":"Rankin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.11.004","article-title":"A simulation analysis of the combined effects of muscle strength and surgical tensioning on lateral pinch force following brachioradialis to flexor pollicis longus transfer","volume":"44","author":"Mogk","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-3320-7","article-title":"A model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and analyzing neuromuscular control","volume":"33","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib21","series-title":"Adaptations Following Upper Extremity Resistance Training in Older Adults","author":"Daly","year":"2011"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","article-title":"OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement","volume":"54","author":"Delp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)00484-2","article-title":"Biomechanics of the Steindler flexorplasty surgery: a computer simulation study","volume":"28","author":"Saul","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.07.019","article-title":"Computer simulation of nerve transfer strategies for restoring shoulder function after adult C5 and C6 root avulsion injuries","volume":"36","author":"Crouch","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2011.04.005","article-title":"Postural dependence of passive tension in the supraspinatus following rotator cuff repair: a simulation analysis","volume":"26","author":"Saul","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2011.02.073","article-title":"Individual muscle contributions to push and recovery subtasks during wheelchair propulsion","volume":"44","author":"Rankin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2011.11.028","article-title":"Quantifying individual muscle contribution to three-dimensional reaching tasks","volume":"35","author":"Vandenberghe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.013","article-title":"Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles in healthy adults","volume":"40","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.011","article-title":"Upper limb muscle volumes in adult subjects","volume":"40","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.09.019","article-title":"Combined nerve transfers for C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury","volume":"31","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2005.02.010","article-title":"Using computed muscle control to generate forward dynamic simulations of human walking from experimental data","volume":"39","author":"Thelen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.03.002","article-title":"Complete 3D kinematics of upper extremity functional tasks","volume":"27","author":"Andel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gait Posture"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.02.006","article-title":"Requirements for upper extremity motions during activities of daily living","volume":"20","author":"Magermans","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(99)90132-5","article-title":"Primary anterior shoulder dislocation and rotator cuff tears","volume":"8","author":"Berbig","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-196705000-00007","article-title":"Clinical review of radial nerve injury","volume":"7","author":"Kettelkamp","year":"1967","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.10.013","article-title":"Reconstruction of C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury by multiple nerve transfers: spinal accessory to suprascapular, ulnar fascicles to biceps branch, and triceps long or lateral head branch to axillary nerve","volume":"29","author":"Bertelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181c496e4","article-title":"Axillary nerve reconstruction in 176 posttraumatic plexopathy patients","volume":"125","author":"Terzis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000318173.28461.32","article-title":"Traumatic lesions of the brachial plexus: an analysis of outcomes in primary brachial plexus reconstruction and secondary functional arm reanimation","volume":"62","author":"Krishnan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2005.03.002","article-title":"Scapular kinematics during humeral elevation in adults and children","volume":"20","author":"Dayanidhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2007.02.002","article-title":"Asymmetrical shoulder kinematics in children with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"22","author":"Duff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502312016632?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502312016632?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T22:55:49Z","timestamp":1759791349000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502312016632"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502312016632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomechanical Contributions of Posterior Deltoid and Teres Minor in the Context of Axillary Nerve Injury: A Computational Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.11.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}