{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T20:14:15Z","timestamp":1780517655272,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,1]],"date-time":"2014-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409529600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,23]],"date-time":"2014-07-23T06:30:42Z","timestamp":1406097042000},"page":"1822-1829.e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Syndrome of Partial Thenar Atrophy, and W. Russell Brain: A\u00a0Historical Perspective"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Marko T.","family":"Boskovski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Grant","family":"Thomson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(88)90046-0","article-title":"The history of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Pfeffer","year":"1988","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(01)00014-2","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a historical perspective","volume":"18","author":"Lo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nec.2003.12.002","article-title":"An eclectic history of peripheral nerve surgery","volume":"15","author":"Little","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.12968\/hmed.2008.69.5.29355","article-title":"A\u00a0history of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"69","author":"Wardle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med (London)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.024","article-title":"Acroparesthesia and carpal tunnel syndrome: a historical perspective","volume":"39","author":"Boskovski","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib6","first-page":"83","article-title":"Compression neuritis of both median nerves in the carpal tunnel; surgical decompression; Klippel-Feil deformity of neck; Sprengel shoulder","volume":"40","author":"Brain","year":"1946","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-190702000-00001","article-title":"The symptomatology, diagnosis, and surgical treatment of cervical ribs","volume":"133","author":"Keen","year":"1907","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib8","first-page":"133","article-title":"Some points in the symptomatology of cervical ribs, with especial reference to muscular wasting","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"1913","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/67.3.141","article-title":"On some pressure effects associated with cervical and with rudimentary and \u201cnormal\u201d first ribs, and the factors entering into their causation","volume":"67","author":"Walshe","year":"1944","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib10","first-page":"184","article-title":"Occupational neuritis of the thenar branches of the median nerve: a well-defined type of atrophy of the hand","volume":"35","author":"Hunt","year":"1910","journal-title":"Trans Am Neurol Assoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-191102000-00005","article-title":"The thenar and hypothenar types of neural atrophy of the hand","volume":"141","author":"Hunt","year":"1911","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib12","first-page":"137","article-title":"The neural atrophy of the muscles of the hand, without sensory disturbances","volume":"12","author":"Hunt","year":"1914","journal-title":"Rev Neurol Psych (Edinburgh)"},{"issue":"6443","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)90093-7","article-title":"Spontaneous compression of both median nerves in the carpal tunnel; six cases treated surgically","volume":"249","author":"Brain","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-192002000-00001","article-title":"The significance of phylogenetic and ontogenetic studies for the neuropathologist","volume":"51","author":"Brouwer","year":"1920","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1939.02270210011001","article-title":"Partial thenar atrophy: a clinical entity","volume":"42","author":"Wartenberg","year":"1939","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib16","first-page":"1202","article-title":"L\u2019amyotrophie thenarienne non evolutive du vieillard","volume":"37","author":"Lhermitte","year":"1930","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1159\/000164198","article-title":"Ueber isolierte Lahmungen im Daumenballen","volume":"80","author":"Dorndorf","year":"1931","journal-title":"Monatschr Psychiat U Neurol (Berlin)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/44.2.95","article-title":"Lesion of the brachial plexus associated with rudimentary ribs","volume":"44","author":"Sargent","year":"1921","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib19","series-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System","first-page":"240","article-title":"Pressure symptoms produced by a normal first rib, and so-salled scalenus anticus syndrome","author":"Walshe","year":"1945"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib20","first-page":"112","article-title":"Two cases of bilateral symmetrical atrophy of the thenar eminence","volume":"32","author":"Abrahamson","year":"1905","journal-title":"J\u00a0Nerv Ment Dis"},{"issue":"3415","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.3415.1028","article-title":"Compression of nerve fibres","volume":"1","author":"Stopford","year":"1926","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib22","first-page":"641","article-title":"Variation in the nerve supply of the flexor brevis pollicis muscle","volume":"20","author":"Brooks","year":"1886","journal-title":"J\u00a0Anat Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib23","series-title":"Anatomy, Descriptive and Surgical","first-page":"494","author":"Gray","year":"1897"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib24","first-page":"213","article-title":"Thenar palsy due to compression of the median nerve in\u00a0the carpal tunnel","volume":"81","author":"Zachary","year":"1945","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6234","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)42223-3","article-title":"Innervation and function of the thenar muscles","volume":"241","author":"Highet","year":"1943","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib26","first-page":"647","article-title":"Atrophie isol\u00e9e de l\u2019\u00e9minence th\u00e9nar d\u2019origine n\u00e9vritique. R\u00f4le du ligament annulaire ant\u00e9rieur du carpe dans la pathog\u00e9nie de la lesion","volume":"26","author":"Marie","year":"1913","journal-title":"Rev Neurol (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib27","first-page":"220","article-title":"Median thenar neuritis","volume":"13","author":"Moersch","year":"1938","journal-title":"Proc Staff Meet Mayo Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib28","first-page":"210","article-title":"Tardy median palsy; median neuritis; median thenar neuritis amenable to surgery","volume":"20","author":"Cannon","year":"1946","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"6449","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91971-5","article-title":"Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel","volume":"249","author":"Wilkinson","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib30","first-page":"507","article-title":"Injuries of the median nerve in fractures of the lower end of the radius","volume":"57","author":"Abbott","year":"1933","journal-title":"Surg Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib31","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Paget","year":"1853"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib32","series-title":"Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves","first-page":"119","article-title":"Compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel","author":"Seddon","year":"1975"},{"issue":"58","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib33","first-page":"905","article-title":"The principle of decompression in the treatment of certain diseases of peripheral nerves","volume":"13","author":"Learmonth","year":"1933","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1941.02280160112008","article-title":"Neuritis associated with acromegaly","volume":"45","author":"Woltman","year":"1941","journal-title":"Arch Neurol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)60278-X","article-title":"The Mayo Clinic and carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"67","author":"Amadio","year":"1992","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80013-0","article-title":"The first carpal tunnel release?","volume":"20","author":"Amadio","year":"1995","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1965.00470010105014","article-title":"Henry William Woltman, MD: 1889\u20131964","volume":"13","author":"Moersch","year":"1965","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib38","unstructured":"History of neurology. Early Mental and Nervous Disease Faculty. University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Neurology. http:\/\/kennedylab.med.umn.edu\/histweb\/template.php?page=earlymdiseasefac. Accessed March 4, 2014."},{"issue":"7519","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib39","first-page":"781","article-title":"James R\u00f6gnvald Learmonth","volume":"2","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib40","unstructured":"Nellis R. Bland Cannon. Mayo Alumni Magazine. Winter 2004:29."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib41","first-page":"438","article-title":"100 years of neurological surgery at the Mayo Clinic","volume":"49","author":"Spinner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib42","unstructured":"Case Western Reserve University and the Western Reserve Historical Society. George S. Phalen. The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History. http:\/\/ech.case.edu\/cgi\/article.pl?id=PGS. Revised July 20, 2000. Accessed March 4, 2014."},{"issue":"6447","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91212-9","article-title":"Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel","volume":"249","author":"Harris","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6452","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91706-6","article-title":"Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel","volume":"249","author":"Harris","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6447","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(47)91212-9","article-title":"Compression of median nerve in carpal tunnel","volume":"249","author":"Wright","year":"1947","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"271","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.24.271.264","article-title":"Median nerve compression in the carpal tunnel","volume":"24","author":"Newman","year":"1948","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib47","first-page":"2525","article-title":"Gedeeltelijke atrophie van de thenar","volume":"93","author":"De Grood","year":"1949","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195032010-00011","article-title":"Neuropathy of the median nerve due to compression beneath the transverse carpal ligament","volume":"32","author":"Phalen","year":"1950","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib49","first-page":"414","article-title":"Stenosis of carpal tunnel, compression of median nerve and flexor sheats, combined with rheumatoid artritis elsewhere","volume":"43","author":"Michaelis","year":"1950","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/73.1.84","article-title":"Non-penetrating injuries of the median nerve at the wrist","volume":"73","author":"Kendall","year":"1950","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib51","first-page":"20","article-title":"Sobre dos casos de atrofia parcial de la eminencia tenar","volume":"38","author":"Lasierra","year":"1950","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"issue":"270","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib52","first-page":"144","article-title":"Spontaneous compression of the median nerves in the carpal tunnel","volume":"49","author":"Ballantyne","year":"1950","journal-title":"N\u00a0Z Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.35.405.379","article-title":"Pain in the arm and the Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"35","author":"Nissen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib54","series-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System","first-page":"920","article-title":"Acroparaesthesiae","author":"Brain","year":"1947"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025_bib55","series-title":"Diseases of the Nervous System","first-page":"942","article-title":"Acroparaesthesiae","author":"Brain","year":"1951"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502314006637?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502314006637?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,13]],"date-time":"2019-08-13T03:08:05Z","timestamp":1565665685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502314006637"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502314006637"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.05.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}}}