{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T08:56:56Z","timestamp":1789808216395,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,1]],"date-time":"2015-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1433116800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,6]],"date-time":"2015-04-06T03:39:07Z","timestamp":1428291547000},"page":"1170-1176","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Contributions of Muscle Imbalance and Impaired Growth to Postural and Osseous Shoulder Deformity Following Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy: A Computational Simulation Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Cornwall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dustin L.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine R.","family":"Saul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.11.026","article-title":"Current concepts in the management of brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"35","author":"Hale","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1097\/00008480-200002000-00009","article-title":"Perinatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"12","author":"Dodds","year":"2000","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200904000-00005","article-title":"Shoulder problems in children with brachial plexus birth palsy: evaluation and management","volume":"17","author":"Pearl","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00020","article-title":"Shoulder contracture and osseous deformity in obstetrical brachial plexus injuries","volume":"85","author":"Hoeksma","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199805000-00006","article-title":"Glenoid deformity secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"80","author":"Pearl","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00193","article-title":"Structural changes in muscle and glenohumeral joint deformity in neonatal brachial plexus palsy","volume":"92","author":"Hogendoorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-004-1377-3","article-title":"MRI of rotator cuff muscle atrophy in relation to glenohumeral joint incongruence in brachial plexus birth injury","volume":"35","author":"Poyhia","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00417","article-title":"Correlation of radiographic muscle cross-sectional area with glenohumeral deformity in children with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"91","author":"Waters","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22061","article-title":"The effects of denervation, reinnervation, and muscle imbalance on functional muscle length and elbow flexion contracture following neonatal brachial plexus injury","volume":"30","author":"Weekley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00943","article-title":"Impaired growth of denervated muscle contributes to contracture formation following neonatal brachial plexus injury","volume":"93","author":"Nikolaou","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.10.027","article-title":"Computational sensitivity analysis to identify muscles that can mechanically contribute to shoulder deformity following brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"39","author":"Crouch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-005-3320-7","article-title":"A\u00a0model of the upper extremity for simulating musculoskeletal surgery and analyzing neuromuscular control","volume":"33","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2014.916698","article-title":"Benchmarking of dynamic simulation predictions in two software platforms using an upper limb musculoskeletal model","volume":"18","author":"Saul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2007.901024","article-title":"OpenSim: open-source software to create and analyze dynamic simulations of movement","volume":"54","author":"Delp","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib15","first-page":"155","article-title":"Innervation of the scapular muscles and its morphological significance in man","volume":"168","author":"Kato","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anatomischer Anzeiger"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(00)00051-8","article-title":"The isometric functional capacity of muscles that cross the elbow","volume":"33","author":"Murray","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(92)90446-V","article-title":"Architectural design of the human intrinsic hand muscles","volume":"17","author":"Jacobson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(90)90103-X","article-title":"Architecture of selected wrist flexor and extensor muscles","volume":"15","author":"Lieber","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(92)90444-T","article-title":"Architecture of selected muscles of the arm and forearm: anatomy and implications for tendon transfer","volume":"17","author":"Lieber","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.013","article-title":"Moment-generating capacity of upper limb muscles in healthy adults","volume":"40","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2006.11.011","article-title":"Upper limb muscle volumes in adult subjects","volume":"40","author":"Holzbaur","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2004.04.009","article-title":"Musculoskeletal parameters of muscles crossing the shoulder and elbow and the effect of sarcomere length sample size on estimation of optimal muscle length","volume":"19","author":"Langenderfer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.06.020","article-title":"The influence of altering push force effectiveness on upper extremity demand during wheelchair propulsion","volume":"43","author":"Rankin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biomech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0374-0","article-title":"Muscle changes in brachial plexus birth injury with elbow flexion contracture: an MRI study","volume":"37","author":"Poyhia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.21128","article-title":"Musculoskeletal deformities secondary to neurotomy of the superior trunk of the brachial plexus in neonatal mice","volume":"28","author":"Kim","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.09.031","article-title":"The role of muscle imbalance in the pathogenesis of shoulder contracture after neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a study in a rat model","volume":"23","author":"Soldado","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408090764","article-title":"Subscapularis muscle mechanics in children with obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"33","author":"Einarsson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01348","article-title":"Biceps brachii long head overactivity associated with elbow flexion contracture in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"94","author":"Sheffler","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1177\/088307389400900220","article-title":"Elbow flexion contracture in Erb\u2019s palsy","volume":"9","author":"Ballinger","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Child Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-010-0665-x","article-title":"Spinal origins of the nerve branches innervating the coracobrachialis muscle: clinical implications","volume":"32","author":"Woo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300030801","article-title":"Retroversion of the humerus in the throwing shoulder of college baseball pitchers","volume":"30","author":"Osbahr","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000233806.72423.30","article-title":"Outcome of subscapularis muscle release for shoulder contracture secondary to brachial plexus palsy at birth","volume":"26","author":"Newman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200403000-00011","article-title":"Correlation between external rotation of the glenohumeral joint and deformity after brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"24","author":"Kozin","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.02872","article-title":"Arthroscopic release and latissimus dorsi transfer for shoulder internal rotation contractures and glenohumeral deformity secondary to brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"88","author":"Pearl","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.08.014","article-title":"Three-dimensional humeral morphologic alterations and atrophy associated with obstetrical brachial plexus palsy","volume":"23","author":"Sheehan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000242","article-title":"Limited glenohumeral cross-body adduction in children with brachial plexus birth palsy: a contributor to scapular winging","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SAP.0000063750.16982.E4","article-title":"Obstetric brachial plexus palsy associated with breech delivery","volume":"51","author":"Al-Qattan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annal Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7221-4-5","article-title":"An MRI study on the relations between muscle atrophy, shoulder function and glenohumeral deformity in shoulders of children with obstetric brachial plexus injury","volume":"4","author":"van Gelein Vitringa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.04.025","article-title":"Correlation between clinical findings and CT scan parameters for shoulder deformities in birth brachial plexus palsy","volume":"38","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-7221-2-24","article-title":"Incidence of early posterior shoulder dislocation in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"2","author":"Dahlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.91B7.21795","article-title":"Lengthening of subscapularis and transfer of the lower trapezius in the correction of recurrent internal rotation contracture following obstetric brachial plexus palsy","volume":"91","author":"Bertelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.06.023","article-title":"Scapulothoracic and glenohumeral contributions to motion in children with brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"23","author":"Russo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpb.0000279029.82021.d3","article-title":"Hyphenated history: the Sever-L\u2019Episcopo procedure","volume":"27","author":"Mehlman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.E.00680","article-title":"The effect of derotational humeral osteotomy on global shoulder function in brachial plexus birth palsy","volume":"88","author":"Waters","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502315002282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502315002282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,23]],"date-time":"2019-08-23T00:17:24Z","timestamp":1566519444000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502315002282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502315002282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.02.025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]}}}