{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T04:51:25Z","timestamp":1782449485454,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,20]],"date-time":"2021-09-20T04:46:05Z","timestamp":1632113165000},"page":"1105-1111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Caring for Children With Congenital Upper Extremity Differences"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3548-3941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Lightdale-Miric","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Tuberty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/bdr2.1589","article-title":"National population-based estimates for major birth defects, 2010\u20132014","volume":"111","author":"Mai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2016.1256989","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of congenital upper limb differences: a current concept\u00a0review","volume":"30","author":"Alrabai","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015651","article-title":"Experiences of\u00a0parents of children with congenital limb differences with health care providers: a qualitative study","volume":"54","author":"Andrews","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib4","series-title":"Congenital Anomalies of the Upper Extremity","first-page":"3","article-title":"Embryology and classification of congenital upper limb anomalies","author":"Herrera","year":"2015"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.02.003","article-title":"Documenting combined congenital upper limb anomalies using the Oberg, Manske, and Tonkin classification: implications for epidemiological research and outcome comparisons","volume":"43","author":"Baas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.01.002","article-title":"The Oberg-Manske-Tonkin (OMT) classification of congenital upper extremities: update for 2020","volume":"45","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg.2016.167","article-title":"Limb development: a paradigm of gene regulation","volume":"18","author":"Petit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.2399\/emd.13.52824","article-title":"Prevalence of Poland sequence in the patients operated for symbrachydactyly","volume":"2","author":"Yazar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hand Microsurg"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1107770","article-title":"Children with congenital limb deficiency in Norway: issues related to school life and health-related quality of life. A cross-sectional study","volume":"38","author":"Johansen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.9.1603","article-title":"Phantom limbs in people with congenital limb deficiency or amputation in early childhood","volume":"120","author":"Melzack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.147","article-title":"Developmental consequences of fetal exposure to drugs: what we know and what we still must learn","volume":"40","author":"Ross","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000354616","article-title":"Revisiting amniotic band sequence: a wide spectrum of manifestations","volume":"35","author":"Barros","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.09.018","article-title":"Unilateral congenital terminal finger absences: a condition that differs from symbrachydactyly","volume":"37","author":"Knight","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411413070","article-title":"Comparison of surgical treatment and nonoperative management for radial longitudinal deficiency","volume":"37","author":"Kotwal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-14-116","article-title":"Hand function in children with radial longitudinal deficiency","volume":"14","author":"Ekblom","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2012.737086","article-title":"Long-term functional outcome of patients with longitudinal radial deficiency: cross-sectional evaluation of function, activity and participation","volume":"35","author":"Holtslag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.16.01283","article-title":"Functional assessment of children and adolescents with symbrachydactyly: a unilateral hand malformation","volume":"99","author":"Goodell","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2012.07.011","article-title":"Use and functioning of the affected limb in children with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency during infancy and preschool age: a longitudinal observational multiple case study","volume":"89","author":"Hadders-Algra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1422","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003358","article-title":"Postoperative patient- and parent-reported outcomes for children with congenital hand differences: a systematic review","volume":"139","author":"Bickham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01108","article-title":"Comparison of self-reports and parent proxy-reports of function and quality of life of children with below-the-elbow deficiency","volume":"91","author":"Sheffler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.11.023","article-title":"Poor agreement on health-related quality of life between children with congenital hand differences and their parents","volume":"93","author":"Ardon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002286","article-title":"Hand function and appearance following reconstruction for congenital hand differences: a qualitative analysis of children and parents","volume":"138","author":"Kelley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411412869","article-title":"Children with surgically corrected hand deformities and upper limb deficiencies: self-concept and psychological well-being","volume":"36","author":"Andersson","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2010.01855.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in Swedish children and adolescents with limb reduction deficiency","volume":"99","author":"Ylim\u00e4inen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000088","article-title":"Outcome measures of microsurgical toe transfers for reconstruction of congenital and traumatic hand anomalies","volume":"34","author":"Kaplan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pediatr Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib26","first-page":"529","article-title":"Complications and bad results of toe partial transfers in thumb reconstruction","volume":"10","author":"Foucher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Super"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2015.01.011","article-title":"Management of complications of congenital hand disorders","volume":"31","author":"Comer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(03)80363-5","article-title":"A\u00a0plea for improving appearance and function in pollicization for congenital conditions","volume":"28","author":"Giorgio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2214.2000.00149.x","article-title":"Coping when a child has a disability: exploring the impact of parent-to-parent support","volume":"26","author":"Kerr","year":"2000","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12802","article-title":"Swedish parents\u2019 experiences of their role in treatment for children with congenital limb reduction deficiency: decision-making and treatment support","volume":"46","author":"Sj\u00f6berg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib31","article-title":"Improving prenatal detection of congenital hand defects through collaborative goal-directed antenatal care: a case report on symbrachydactyly","volume":"27","author":"Ngene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00848376","article-title":"Psychological adjustment and perceived social support in children with congenital\/acquired limb deficiencies","volume":"15","author":"Varni","year":"1992","journal-title":"J\u00a0Behav Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002291","article-title":"The effect of multiple surgeries on psychosocial outcomes in pediatric patients: a scoping review","volume":"85","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001047","article-title":"Coping with congenital hand differences","volume":"135","author":"Franzblau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-1027","article-title":"Activity and participation of children and adolescents with unilateral congenital below elbow deficiency: an online focus group study","volume":"44","author":"De Jong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067101","article-title":"Opinions of youngsters with congenital below-elbow deficiency, and those of their parents and professionals concerning prosthetic use and rehabilitation treatment","volume":"8","author":"Vasluian","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3109\/03093640903584993","article-title":"Age at first prosthetic fitting and later functional outcome in children and young adults with unilateral congenital below-elbow deficiency: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Huizing","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364617704803","article-title":"Three-dimensional printed upper-limb prostheses lack randomised controlled trials: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Diment","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1177\/0309364611401776","article-title":"Implications of prosthesis funding structures on the use of prostheses: experiences of individuals with upper limb absence","volume":"35","author":"Biddiss","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2011.09.004","article-title":"Low impact of congenital hand differences on health-related quality of life","volume":"93","author":"Ardon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193420967527","article-title":"The psychosocial impact of congenital hand and upper limb differences on children: a qualitative study","volume":"46","author":"McDougall","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.10.006","article-title":"Functional impact of congenital hand differences: early results from the Congenital Upper Limb Differences (CoULD) Registry","volume":"43","author":"Bae","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib43","first-page":"2356","article-title":"Impact of prostheses on function and quality of life for children with unilateral congenital below-the-elbow deficiency","volume":"88","author":"James","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3109\/03093646.2010.495371","article-title":"Participation and quality of life in children and adolescents with congenital limb deficiencies: a narrative review","volume":"34","author":"Michielsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2018.11.001","article-title":"A\u00a0systematic review of the use of psychological assessment tools in congenital upper limb anomaly management","volume":"33","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib46","first-page":"a4738","article-title":"Models of disability: a brief overview","volume":"74","author":"Retief","year":"2018","journal-title":"HTS Teol Stud\/Theol Stud"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1037\/1091-7527.25.3.276","article-title":"Strengths, challenges, and relational processes in families of children with congenital upper limb differences","volume":"25","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fam Syst Health"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502321004019?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502321004019?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T22:59:51Z","timestamp":1759791591000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502321004019"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502321004019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Caring for Children With Congenital Upper Extremity Differences","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.07.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}