{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T22:16:22Z","timestamp":1790806582404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DRF-2018-11-ST2-028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DRF-2018-11-ST2-028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,7]],"date-time":"2023-01-07T15:12:51Z","timestamp":1673104371000},"page":"236-244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The Effectiveness of Different Nerve Transfers in the Restoration of Elbow Flexion in Adults Following Brachial Plexus Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Chung Yan","family":"Vernon Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliott","family":"Cochrane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misha","family":"Chew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Bains","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8365-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryckie G.","family":"Wade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gushikem A, de Mendon\u00e7a Cardoso M, Cabral AL, et\u00a0al. Predictive factors for return to work or study and satisfaction in traumatic brachial plexus injury individuals undergoing rehabilitation: a retrospective follow-up study of 101 cases. J Hand Ther. Published online August 12, 2021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2021.06.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.06.008"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190218","article-title":"MRI for detecting root avulsions in traumatic adult brachial plexus injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy","volume":"293","author":"Wade","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30510","article-title":"Functional restoration of elbow flexion in nonobstetric brachial plexus injuries: a meta-analysis of nerve transfers versus grafts","volume":"40","author":"Texakalidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib4","article-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Collab"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-021-01626-4","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"10","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8175","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248175","article-title":"Does the score on the MRC strength scale reflect instrumented measures of maximal torque and muscle activity in post-stroke survivors?","volume":"21","author":"Kiper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib7","author":"Wade"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193419879645","article-title":"Evaluation of functional outcomes after brachial plexus injury","volume":"45","author":"Quick","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"54","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.02651","article-title":"medrxivr: accessing and searching medRxiv and bioRxiv preprint data in R","volume":"5","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Open Source Software"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s12306-020-00653-z","article-title":"Intercostal or\u00a0ulnar nerve: Which donor nerve is to be used for reanimation\u00a0of elbow flexion?","volume":"105","author":"Emamhaid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Musculoskeletal Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib12","first-page":"266","article-title":"Evaluation of intercostal to musculocutaneous nerve transfer in reconstructive brachial plexus surgery","volume":"88","author":"Malessy","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab007","article-title":"Nerve graft length and recovery of elbow flexion muscle strength in patients With traumatic brachial plexus injuries: case series","volume":"20","author":"Socolovsky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bth.0000248360.14448.6b","article-title":"Technique of the double nerve transfer to recover elbow flexion in C5, C6, or C5 to C7 brachial plexus palsy","volume":"11","author":"Goubier","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib15","first-page":"59","article-title":"Nerve transposition for the restoration of elbow flexion following brachial plexus avulsion injuries","volume":"72","author":"Friedman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.1411","article-title":"Risk-of-bias VISualization (robvis): an R package and Shiny web app for visualizing risk-of-bias assessments","volume":"12","author":"McGuinness","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Synth Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3258-72-39","article-title":"Metaprop: a Stata command to perform meta-analysis of binomial data","volume":"72","author":"Nyaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Stat Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2016.05.006","article-title":"Restoration of elbow and hand function in total brachial plexus palsy with intercostal nerves and C5 root neurotization. Results in 21 patients","volume":"35","author":"Arnal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.04.025","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of intercostal and partial ulnar nerve transfers in restoring elbow flexion following upper brachial plexus injury (C5-C6\u00b1C7)","volume":"35","author":"Coulet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.08.139","article-title":"An all-anterior approach for quadruple nerve transfer for upper trunk brachial plexus injuries","volume":"120","author":"Prasad","year":"2018","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib26","first-page":"1520","article-title":"Double fascicular nerve transfer to the biceps and brachialis muscles after brachial plexus injury: clinical outcomes in a series of 29 cases","volume":"114","author":"Ray","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.09.019","article-title":"Combined nerve transfers for C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury","volume":"31","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20962","article-title":"Combined nerve transfers for repair of the upper brachial plexus injuries through a posterior approach","volume":"32","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.20075","article-title":"Comparative clinic study on vascularized and nonvascularized full-length phrenic nerve transfer","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2018.05.024","article-title":"Comparative study of phrenic and partial ulnar nerve transfers for elbow flexion after upper brachial plexus avulsion: a retrospective clinical analysis","volume":"71","author":"Yuzhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.12.013","article-title":"Comparative study of phrenic nerve transfers with and without nerve graft for elbow flexion after global brachial plexus injury","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib32","first-page":"e12","article-title":"Comparison between partial ulnar and intercostal nerve transfers for reconstructing elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus injuries","volume":"5","author":"Kakinoki","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22283","article-title":"Comparison of objective muscle strength in C5-C6 and C5-C7 brachial plexus injury patients after double nerve transfer","volume":"35","author":"Tsai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003935","article-title":"Comparison of surgical strategies between proximal nerve graft and\/or nerve transfer and distal nerve transfer based on functional restoration of elbow flexion","volume":"141","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib35","first-page":"137","article-title":"Correlation of compound muscle action potential generated by donor nerves with the recovery of elbow flexion in Oberlin transfer in brachial plexus injury","volume":"51","author":"Thatte","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg Off Publ Assoc Plast Surg India"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835520500332","article-title":"Elbow flexion reconstruction in brachial plexus avulsion injuries - results with intercostal nerve and distal nerve transfers","volume":"25","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Asian-Pac Vol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib37","first-page":"998","article-title":"Elbow flexion strength and contractile activity after partial ulnar nerve or intercostal nerve transfers for brachial plexus injuries","volume":"45","author":"Chia","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib38","first-page":"1203","article-title":"End-to-side neurorrhaphy to restore elbow flexion in brachial plexus injury","volume":"99","author":"Limthongthang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.017","article-title":"Fascicular selection for nerve transfers: the role of the nerve stimulator when restoring elbow flexion in brachial plexus injuries","volume":"36","author":"Bhandari","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib40","first-page":"261","article-title":"Functional magnetic resonance imaging and control over the biceps muscle after intercostal\u2014musculocutaneous nerve transfer","volume":"98","author":"Malessy","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib41","first-page":"e49","article-title":"Functional outcome of nerve transfer for restoration of shoulder and elbow function in upper brachial plexus injury","volume":"3","author":"Venkatramani","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2011.02.002","article-title":"Functional outcome of nerve transfers for upper-type brachial plexus injuries","volume":"64","author":"Estrella","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-009-0558-z","article-title":"Functional outcome of ulnar nerve fascicle transfer for restoration of elbow flexion in upper brachial plexus injury","volume":"20","author":"Zyaei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib44","first-page":"75","article-title":"Functional recovery of elbow flexion by anastomosis of the medial thoracic nerve to the musculocutaneous nerve","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurol Orthop Med Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.1920160812","article-title":"Intercostal nerve crossing to restore elbow flexion and sensibility of the hand for a root avulsion type of brachial plexus injury","volume":"16","author":"Ogino","year":"1995","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1361840","article-title":"Intercostal nerve transfer to neurotize the musculocutaneous nerve after traumatic brachial plexus avulsion: a comparison of two, three, and four nerve transfers","volume":"30","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib47","first-page":"42","article-title":"Intercostal nerve transfer to restore upper extremity functions after brachial plexus injury","volume":"24","author":"Nagano","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Acad Med Singapore"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22453","article-title":"Intercostal nerve transfer to the biceps motor branch in complete traumatic brachial plexus injuries","volume":"35","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000924","article-title":"Magnetic resonance neurographic and clinical long-term results after Oberlin\u2019s transfer for adult brachial plexus injuries","volume":"78","author":"Frueh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Plastic Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.06.122","article-title":"Management of isolated musculocutaneous injury: comparing double fascicular nerve transfer with conventional nerve grafting","volume":"40","author":"Bhandari","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.22263","article-title":"Median nerve fascicle transfer versus ULNAR nerve fascicle transfer to the biceps motor branch in C5-C6 and C5-C7 brachial plexus injuries: nonrandomized prospective study of 23 consecutive patients","volume":"34","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(98)80059-2","article-title":"Nerve transfer to biceps muscle using a part of the ulnar nerve in brachial plexus injury (upper arm type): a report of 32 cases","volume":"23","author":"Leechavengvongs","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib53","first-page":"280","article-title":"Nerve transfer to the biceps muscle using part of the ulnar nerve: technique & report of cases","volume":"12","author":"A. Gepp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pan Arab J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib54","first-page":"362","article-title":"Neurotization of the biceps muscle by end-to-side neurorraphy between ulnar and musculocutaneous nerves: a series of five cases","volume":"17","author":"Franciosi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Super"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib55","first-page":"176","article-title":"Oberlin\u2019s transfer: long term outcomes","volume":"23","author":"Verdins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Asian-Pac"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810414500245","article-title":"Objective evaluation of elbow flexion strength and fatigability after nerve transfer in adult traumatic upper brachial plexus injuries","volume":"19","author":"Maricq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e31822848eb","article-title":"Outcome after delayed Oberlin transfer in brachial plexus injury","volume":"69","author":"Sedain","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2002.3859","article-title":"Patient outcome following a thoracodorsal to musculocutaneous nerve transfer for reconstruction of elbow flexion","volume":"55","author":"Novak","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.04.006","article-title":"Phrenic nerve transfer for elbow flexion and intercostal nerve transfer for elbow extension","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A125","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000338865.19411.7F","article-title":"Phrenic nerve transfer in the restoration of elbow flexion in brachial plexus avulsion injuries","volume":"65","author":"Siqueira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib61","first-page":"830","article-title":"Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve following brachial plexus root avulsion injury","volume":"105","author":"Nath","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s007760170005","article-title":"Postoperative changes on functional mapping of the motor cortex in patients with brachial plexus injury: comparative study of magnetoencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"6","author":"Iwase","year":"2001","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Sci Off J Jpn Orthop Assoc"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000200628.15546.06","article-title":"Preliminary results of double nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion in upper type brachial plexus palsies","volume":"117","author":"Liverneaux","year":"2006","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00210-9","article-title":"Pulmonary and biceps function after intercostal and phrenic nerve transfer for brachial plexus injuries","volume":"29","author":"Chalidapong","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.10.013","article-title":"Reconstruction of C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury by multiple nerve transfers: spinal accessory to suprascapular, ulnar fascicles to biceps branch, and triceps long or lateral head branch to axillary nerve","volume":"29","author":"Bertelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182419c00","article-title":"Reconstruction of elbow flexion by end-to-side neurorrhaphy in phrenic nerve transfer","volume":"129","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.10.024","article-title":"Reconstruction of shoulder abduction by multiple nerve fascicle transfer through posterior approach","volume":"44","author":"Ren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199705000-00007","article-title":"Recovery of biceps function after delayed repair for brachial plexus injury","volume":"42","author":"Richardson","year":"1997","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.16.5.7","article-title":"Reinnervation of the biceps in C5\u20137 brachial plexus avulsion injuries: results after distal bypass surgery","volume":"16","author":"Ferraresi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-007-9050-6","article-title":"Restoration of elbow flexion by transfer of the phrenic nerve to musculocutaneous nerve after brachial plexus injuries","volume":"2","author":"Monreal","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2020.10.090","article-title":"Restoration of elbow flexion in adult traumatic brachial plexus injury\u2014a quantitative analysis of results of single versus double nerve transfer","volume":"52","author":"Srampickal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.0571","article-title":"Restoration of elbow flexion in branchial plexus avulsion injury: Comparing spinal accessory nerve transfer with intercostal nerve transfer","volume":"24","author":"Waikakul","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.05.014","article-title":"Results of reinnervation of the biceps and brachialis muscles with a double fascicular transfer for elbow flexion","volume":"30","author":"Mackinnon","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522012000600001","article-title":"Results of ulnar nerve neurotization to biceps brachii muscle in brachial plexus injury","volume":"20","author":"Rezende","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Ortop Bras"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib75","first-page":"496","article-title":"Simultaneous phrenic and intercostal nerves transfer for elbow flexion and extension in total brachial plexus root avulsion injury","volume":"23","author":"Malungpaishope","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Asian-Pac"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0358.59272","article-title":"Surgical outcomes following nerve transfers in upper brachial plexus injuries","volume":"42","author":"Bhandari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199505000-00013","article-title":"The restoration of elbow flexion with intercostal nerve transfers","volume":"314","author":"Ruch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib78","first-page":"204","article-title":"The results of using a part of ulnar nerve for restoration of elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus injury","volume":"43","author":"Shahriar-Kamrani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Med Iran"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1766","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.04.043","article-title":"Thoracodorsal nerve transfer for elbow flexion reconstruction in infraclavicular brachial plexus injuries","volume":"39","author":"Soldado","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2000.0367","article-title":"Transfer of a single fascicle from the ulnar nerve to the biceps muscle after avulsions of upper roots of the brachial plexus","volume":"25","author":"Sungpet","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200407000-00018","article-title":"Transfer of fascicles from the ulnar nerve to the nerve to the biceps in the treatment of upper brachial plexus palsy","volume":"86","author":"Teboul","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Jt Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib82","first-page":"275","article-title":"Ulnar nerve fascicle transfer onto the biceps muscle nerve in C5-C6 or C5-C6-C7 avulsion of the brachial plexus: based on a series of 18 cases","volume":"16","author":"Loy","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Chir Main Memb Sup\u00e9r"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.93B3.24634","article-title":"Use of quantitative intra-operative electrodiagnosis during partial ulnar nerve transfer to restore elbow flexion: the treatment of eight patients following a brachial plexus injury","author":"Suzuki","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Jt Surg Br Vol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30536","article-title":"Is one nerve transfer enough? A systematic review and pooled analysis comparing ulnar fascicular nerve transfer and double ulnar and median fascicular nerve transfer for restoration of elbow flexion after traumatic brachial plexus injury","volume":"40","author":"Donnelly","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000005720","article-title":"Outcomes of single versus double fascicular nerve transfers for restoration of elbow flexion in patients with brachial plexus injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"144","author":"Sneiders","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.11.030","article-title":"How to assess the recovery of muscular function following nerve injury: a view from surgeons and patients","volume":"74","author":"Wilcox","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502322007158?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502322007158?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:44:58Z","timestamp":1777563898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502322007158"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502322007158"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Effectiveness of Different Nerve Transfers in the Restoration of Elbow Flexion in Adults Following Brachial Plexus Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.11.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}