{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T09:31:03Z","timestamp":1782984663998,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.fr","jhandsurg.org","clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T12:43:48Z","timestamp":1726749828000},"page":"1129-1135","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Increasing Prevalence of Xylazine and\u00a0Worsening Upper-Extremity Wounds in Injection Drug Use: A Local Phenomenon With National Implications"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Kirin","family":"Naidu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carrie Z.","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Card","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9442-3180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines C.","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib2","article-title":"The new stealth drug on the street: a narrative review of xylazine as a street drug","volume":"15","author":"Pergolizzi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.03.005","article-title":"GC\u2013MS confirmation of xylazine (Rompun), a veterinary sedative, in exchanged needles","volume":"96","author":"Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib4","author":"Hoffman"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.04.001","article-title":"Necrotic upper-extremity infections in people who inject drugs: a case series","volume":"49","author":"Soderquist","year":"2024","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.58616\/surgicoll.00002","article-title":"Upper extremity soft tissue wound related to xylazine-laced fentanyl intravenous (IV) drug abuse: a case report","volume":"1","author":"Rengifo","year":"2023","journal-title":"SurgiColl"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib7","first-page":"739","article-title":"Recognition and treatment of wounds in persons using xylazine: a case report from New Haven, Connecticut","volume":"17","author":"Dowton","year":"2023","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib8","unstructured":"Malayala SV, Papudesi BN, Bobb R, Wimbush A. Xylazine-induced skin ulcers in a person who injects drugs in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Cureus. 14(8):e28160."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003678","article-title":"Reconstruction of chronic wounds secondary to injectable drug use with a biodegradable temporizing matrix","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2006.03.003","article-title":"Arterial consequences of recreational drug use","volume":"32","author":"Coughlin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(10)80116-9","article-title":"Digital ischemia in clandestine intravenous drug users","volume":"16","author":"Charney","year":"1991","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib12","article-title":"Digital ischaemia after intra-arterial drug injection","volume":"2017","author":"Neuss","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1997.0218","article-title":"Compartment syndrome of the hand following intra-arterial injection of heroin","volume":"24","author":"Funk","year":"1999","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Br Eur Vol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(90)90048-F","article-title":"An effective treatment protocol for intraarterial drug injection","volume":"12","author":"Treiman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J\u00a0Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s10140-008-0709-2","article-title":"Imaging findings of complications affecting the upper extremity in intravenous drug users: featured cases","volume":"15","author":"Theodorou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib16","article-title":"Mysteriously puffy extremities: an unintended consequence of intravenous drug abuse","volume":"14","author":"Janardan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.02.004","article-title":"Hand and upper extremity infections in intravenous drug users: epidemiology and predictors of outcomes","volume":"45","author":"Ovalle","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2014.06.013","article-title":"Toxic effects of xylazine on endothelial cells in combination with cocaine and 6-monoacetylmorphine","volume":"28","author":"Silva-Torres","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol In\u00a0Vitro"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.7326\/M23-2001","article-title":"Xylazine adulteration of the heroin-fentanyl drug supply: a narrative review","volume":"176","author":"D\u2019Orazio","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12862","article-title":"Review article: effective management of opioid withdrawal symptoms: a gateway to opioid dependence treatment","volume":"28","author":"Kosten","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1521-0391.2013.12074.x","article-title":"Predictive factors for relapse in patients on buprenorphine maintenance","volume":"23","author":"Ferri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2013.774675","article-title":"Substance use disorders and anxiety: a treatment challenge for social workers","volume":"28","author":"Brady","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2018.08.012","article-title":"Health insurance coverage is associated with access to substance use\u00a0treatment among individuals with injection drug use: evidence from a 12-year prospective study","volume":"96","author":"Feder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Subst Abuse Treat"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024459","article-title":"Readmission rates of patients discharged against medical advice: a matched cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Choi","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib26","first-page":"421","article-title":"Patients with substance use disorders leaving against medical advice: strategies for improvement","volume":"12","author":"Lail","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib27","article-title":"Predictors of relapse after inpatient opioid detoxification during 1-year follow-up","volume":"2016","author":"Chalana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017_bib28","first-page":"55","article-title":"The case for chronic disease management for addiction","volume":"2","author":"Saitz","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Addict Med"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502324003629?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502324003629?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T09:44:29Z","timestamp":1730713469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502324003629"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502324003629"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Increasing Prevalence of Xylazine and\u00a0Worsening Upper-Extremity Wounds in Injection Drug Use: A Local Phenomenon With National Implications","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.07.017","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}