{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:48:44Z","timestamp":1786992524893,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T23:28:45Z","timestamp":1750116525000},"page":"1108-1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgeons Are Poised to Lead Efforts in Promoting Sustainability in the Operating Room"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4673-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brittany N.","family":"Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paige M.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald H.","family":"Lalonde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura L.","family":"Bellaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157014","article-title":"Environmental impacts of the U.S. health care system and effects on public health","volume":"11","author":"Eckelman","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.23.00068","article-title":"Adoption of the wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet technique in hand surgery","volume":"11","author":"Hearon","year":"2023","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003730","article-title":"How to minimize the pain of local anesthetic injection for wide awake surgery","volume":"9","author":"Joukhadar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1530\/EOR-24-0033","article-title":"WALANT surgery of the hand: state of the art","volume":"9","author":"Degreef","year":"2024","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2023.03.001","article-title":"Is hand surgery in the procedure room setting associated with increased surgical site infection? a cohort study of 2,717 patients in the veterans affairs population","volume":"48","author":"Zhuang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-010-9301-9","article-title":"Is main operating room sterility really necessary in carpal tunnel surgery? a multicenter prospective study of minor procedure room field sterility surgery","volume":"6","author":"LeBlanc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hand (N,Y)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib8","article-title":"K-wire fixation of closed hand fractures outside the main operating room does not increase infections","volume":"11","author":"Gillis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1177\/22925503231161073","article-title":"Main operating room versus field sterility in hand surgery: a review of the evidence","volume":"32","author":"Silver","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Surg (Oakv)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2022.01.009","article-title":"Current evidence involving WALANT surgery","volume":"4","author":"Connors","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib13","article-title":"Evidence-based sterility: the evolving role of field sterility in skin and minor hand surgery","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835522300031","article-title":"Ten questions about wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) surgery","volume":"27","author":"Lalonde","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.11.007","article-title":"Lean and green hand surgery","volume":"43","author":"Van Demark","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934221118658","article-title":"The global FESSH green survey: sustainability in hand surgery","volume":"47","author":"Witt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.11.018","article-title":"Evaluating the safety of the hand surgery procedure room: a single-center cohort of 1,404 surgical encounters","volume":"46","author":"Stephens","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.10.005","article-title":"Thinking outside the operating room: guidance on designing a safe and effective minor procedure room","volume":"48","author":"Silverstein","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717743595","article-title":"Minimal custom pack design and wide-awake hand surgery: reducing waste and spending in the orthopedic operating room","volume":"14","author":"Thiel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib21","article-title":"Greening hand surgery: targeted measures to reduce waste in ambulatory trigger finger and carpal tunnel decompression","author":"Tevlin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-023-00818-7","article-title":"Telemedicine and the environment: life cycle environmental emissions from in-person and virtual clinic visits","volume":"6","author":"Thiel","year":"2023","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/1357633X18783921","article-title":"Patient reported outcomes with remote orthopaedic consultations by telemedicine: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"25","author":"Buvik","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Telemed Telecare"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib24","first-page":"72","article-title":"Nurse-physician communication: an organizational accountability","volume":"23","author":"Arford","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nurs Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00005110-200402000-00003","article-title":"Enhancing collaborative communication of nurse and physician leadership in two intensive care units","volume":"34","author":"Boyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Nurs Adm"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib26","first-page":"411","article-title":"Exploring social movement concepts and actions in a knowledge uptake and sustainability context: a concept analysis","volume":"9","author":"Wallace","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib27","author":"Kotter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103877","article-title":"Kotter\u2019s 8-step change model to improve hand hygiene compliance in intensive care unit: a 41-month prospective longitudinal quality improvement study","volume":"87","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1111\/pan.14499","article-title":"Using Kotter\u2019s 8 steps of change to tackle over-fasting of children attending day surgery","volume":"32","author":"Ong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/NCQ.0000000000000212","article-title":"Using Kotter\u2019s change model for implementing bedside handoff: a quality improvement project","volume":"31","author":"Small","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nurs Care Qual"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib31","first-page":"313","article-title":"Applying organizational change theory to address the long-standing problem of harassment in medical education","volume":"34","author":"Stacy","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib32","series-title":"ADKAR: A Model for Change in Business, Government and Our Community","first-page":"1","article-title":"ADKAR Framework","author":"Hiatt","year":"2006"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.12.003","article-title":"The environmental impact of open versus endoscopic carpal tunnel release","volume":"48","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.03.014","article-title":"Carbon footprint of open carpal tunnel release surgery performed in the procedure room versus operating room setting","volume":"49","author":"Grothaus","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.03.051","article-title":"Cost implications of varying the surgical technique, surgical setting, and anesthesia type for carpal tunnel release surgery","volume":"43","author":"Kazmers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1177\/229255031502300409","article-title":"Operating room waste reduction in plastic and hand surgery","volume":"23","author":"Albert","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Surg (Oakv)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447221084011","article-title":"What a waste! The impact of unused surgical supplies in hand surgery and how we can improve","volume":"18","author":"Bravo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1071\/AH15142","article-title":"Steam sterilisation\u2019s energy and eater footprint","volume":"41","author":"McGain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Aust Health Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyy275","article-title":"Greening the operating room: results of a scalable initiative to reduce waste and recover supply costs","volume":"85","author":"Babu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325002266?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325002266?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T14:05:36Z","timestamp":1756735536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502325002266"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502325002266"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgeons Are Poised to Lead Efforts in Promoting Sustainability in the Operating Room","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.04.024","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}