{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T02:07:22Z","timestamp":1772935642299,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:40:01Z","timestamp":1763656801000},"page":"44-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autologous Fat Grafting and Neurolysis for Treatment of Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Olivier F.E.","family":"Gostelie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5115-6955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ileen","family":"Domela Nieuwenhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geraldine L.","family":"Nanninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sjoerd B.","family":"Paulusma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joris A.","family":"van Dongen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brigitte E.P.A.","family":"van der Heijden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michiel A.","family":"Tellier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Henk","family":"Coert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean Bart","family":"Jaquet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1007\/s11552-012-9429-x","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of carpal tunnel release: a critical review of the literature","volume":"7","author":"Louie","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934211001715","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical options for recurrent or persistent carpal tunnel syndrome: simple decompression versus coverage of the median nerve","volume":"46","author":"de Roo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3109\/02844310903528697","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome and treatment of recurrent symptoms","volume":"44","author":"Dahlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00315-2","article-title":"Reoperation for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Cobb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318290faba","article-title":"A systematic review of the literature on the outcomes of treatment for recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"132","author":"Soltani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2008.07.001","article-title":"[Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome]","volume":"27","author":"Raimbeau","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80341-8","article-title":"Outcome of reoperation for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"21","author":"Cobb","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(01)00005-1","article-title":"Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Steyers","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.09.022","article-title":"Revision surgery after carpal tunnel release-analysis of the pathology in 200 cases during a 2 year period","volume":"31","author":"St\u00fctz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231196407","article-title":"State of the art review. Complications after carpal tunnel release","volume":"49","author":"Sprangers","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2015.08.010","article-title":"Revision surgery for recurrent and persistent carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical results and factors affecting outcomes","volume":"34","author":"Djerbi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00361-9","article-title":"Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Botte","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1142\/S2424835522500710","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome with the abductor digiti minimi flap: a case series","volume":"27","author":"de Roo","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Asian Pac Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-199703000-00007","article-title":"Vein wrapping for the treatment of recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Sotereanos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.22528","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent compressive neuropathy of peripheral nerves in the upper extremity with an autologous vein insulator","volume":"26","author":"Varitimidis","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411431051","article-title":"Canaletto implant in revision surgery for carpal tunnel syndrome: 21 case series","volume":"37","author":"Bilasy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.04.031","article-title":"Interventions for recurrent\/persistent carpal tunnel syndrome after carpal tunnel release","volume":"34","author":"Amadio","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(92)90038-O","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: prevalence in the general population","volume":"45","author":"de Krom","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.05.007","article-title":"Management of recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"47","author":"Jansen","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717701243","article-title":"Self-reported outcomes for patients undergoing revision carpal tunnel surgery with or without hypothenar fat pad transposition","volume":"13","author":"Pace","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib21","first-page":"28","article-title":"Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome: treatment options","volume":"8","author":"Pizzillo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J South Orthop Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering5040091","article-title":"Augmentation of dermal wound healing by adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ASC)","volume":"5","author":"van Dongen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.21068","article-title":"Cytokine profile of human adipose-derived stem cells: expression of angiogenic, hematopoietic, and pro-inflammatory factors","volume":"212","author":"Kilroy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.101881","article-title":"Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce inflammatory and T cell responses and induce regulatory T cells in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"69","author":"Gonzalez-Rey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181a80509","article-title":"A murine model for studying diffusely injected human fat","volume":"124","author":"Thanik","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181b98d6f","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the occipital nerves: implications for the treatment of chronic headaches","volume":"124","author":"Klinger","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.4252\/wjsc.v7.i1.51","article-title":"Current progress in use of adipose derived stem cells in peripheral nerve regeneration","volume":"7","author":"Zack-Williams","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J Stem Cells"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.3727\/096368912X658953","article-title":"Sciatic nerve regeneration by cocultured Schwann cells and stem cells on microporous nerve conduits","volume":"22","author":"Dai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199311000-00002","article-title":"A self-administered questionnaire for the assessment of severity of symptoms and functional status in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Levine","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib30","series-title":"Nederlandse vertaling van de \u2018Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire\u2019 voor evaluatie van het carpaletunnelsyndroom (BCTQ-DLV)","first-page":"70","author":"Smits","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418812616","article-title":"Minimal clinically important difference for the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire: new insights and review of literature","volume":"44","author":"De Kleermaeker","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00004","article-title":"Management of recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Lauder","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000002356","article-title":"Phenotypic analysis of stromal vascular fraction after mechanical shear reveals stress-induced progenitor populations","volume":"138","author":"Banyard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1002\/term.3033","article-title":"Comparison of amniotic membrane transplantation and carpal tunnel syndrome release surgery (CTRS) and CTRS alone: clinical outcomes at 1-year follow-up","volume":"14","author":"Buentello-Volante","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.CC.18.00302","article-title":"Inflammatory reactions to xenogenic nerve wraps: a report of three cases","volume":"9","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Case Connect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176393","article-title":"Use of human fat grafting in the prevention of perineural adherence: Experimental study in athymic mouse","volume":"12","author":"Cherubino","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-22-00808","article-title":"Orthobiologics: current status in 2023 and future outlook","volume":"31","author":"Rodeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3181954d08","article-title":"Aging and diabetes impair the neovascular potential of adipose-derived stromal cells","volume":"123","author":"El-Ftesi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810400000120","article-title":"Pedicled hypothenar fat flap for median nerve coverage in recalcitrant carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"5","author":"Mathoulin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3 suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib40","first-page":"194","article-title":"Clinical and electrophysiological comparison of different methods of soft tissue coverage of the median nerve in recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"62","author":"St\u00fctz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/0963689718809045","article-title":"Canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells enhance neuroregeneration in a rat model of sciatic nerve crush injury","volume":"28","author":"Rodr\u00edguez S\u00e1nchez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-014-0323-9","article-title":"Stem cell-based approaches to improve nerve regeneration: potential implications for reconstructive transplantation?","volume":"63","author":"Khalifian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.12.158","article-title":"Differentiation of human adipose stromal cells into hepatic lineage in vitro and in vivo","volume":"328","author":"Seo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1002\/stem.1076","article-title":"Concise review: Adipose-derived stem cells as a novel tool for future regenerative medicine","volume":"30","author":"Mizuno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Stem Cells"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B7.28603","article-title":"The long-term post-operative electromyographic evaluation of patients who have undergone carpal tunnel decompression","volume":"94","author":"Faour-Mart\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198802000-00029","article-title":"Interfascicular neurolysis in the severe carpal tunnel syndrome. A prospective, randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"227","author":"Lowry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80021-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel release with and without epineurotomy: a comparative prospective trial","volume":"21","author":"Blair","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325004745?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325004745?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T07:37:23Z","timestamp":1772869043000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502325004745"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502325004745"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Autologous Fat Grafting and Neurolysis for Treatment of Recalcitrant Carpal Tunnel Syndrome","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.018","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}