{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T20:06:57Z","timestamp":1785787617752,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:39:58Z","timestamp":1763656798000},"page":"290.e1-290.e7","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Association of Long Thoracic Nerve Variants With Medial Scapular Winging in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Clinical and Anatomical Study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3428-7076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madi","family":"El Haj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaul","family":"Beyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Hagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia A.","family":"Vorobeitchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harvey","family":"Chim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2016.04.039","article-title":"Reporting standards of the Society for Vascular Surgery for thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Illig","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2017.03.419","article-title":"Associations between clinical diagnostic criteria and pretreatment patient-reported outcomes measures in a prospective observational cohort of patients with neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Balderman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib3","article-title":"Consensus recommendations for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome from the INTOS Workgroup","volume":"12","author":"Chim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib4","first-page":"CD007218","article-title":"Treatment for thoracic outlet syndrome","author":"Povlsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib5","first-page":"533","article-title":"A case of isolated paralysis of serratus anterior","volume":"14","author":"del Sasso","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ital J Orthop Traumatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195537030-00011","article-title":"Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle","volume":"37-A","author":"Johnson","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-25","article-title":"Microneurolysis and decompression of long thoracic nerve injury are effective in reversing scapular winging: long-term results in 50 cases","volume":"8","author":"Nath","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2022.11.006","article-title":"Long thoracic nerve palsy: when is decompression indicated","volume":"5","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"issue":"6A","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961060-00004","article-title":"Serratus anterior paralysis in the young athlete","volume":"61","author":"Gregg","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/S1058-2746(09)80005-0","article-title":"Long thoracic nerve paralysis associated with thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Nakatsuchi","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423.e423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2017.05.020","article-title":"Isolated peripheral nerve palsies in thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib12","first-page":"993","article-title":"Long thoracic nerve: anatomy and functional assessment","volume":"87","author":"Bertelli","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.08.008","article-title":"Anatomy, etiology, and management of scapular winging","volume":"44","author":"Didesch","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jseint.2022.05.002","article-title":"Serratus anterior dysfunction examination: wall push-up or shoulder flexion resistance test?","volume":"6","author":"Lohre","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib15","article-title":"Rapid functional recovery after thoracic outlet decompression in a series of adolescent athletes with chronic atraumatic shoulder-girdle pain, scapular winging\/dyskinesis, and normal electrodiagnostic studies","author":"Burton","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1621728","article-title":"Novel surgical approach for decompression of the scalene triangle in neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Hagan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7088","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd-23-546","article-title":"Surgical approaches for thoracic outlet decompression in the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"15","author":"Teijink","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2012.07.025","article-title":"Supraclavicular decompression for neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome in adolescent and adult populations","volume":"57","author":"Caputo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-020-09643-x","article-title":"Thoracic outlet syndrome in the overhead athlete: diagnosis and treatment recommendations","volume":"13","author":"Ohman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00276-008-0368-8","article-title":"Observation and measurements of long thoracic nerve: a cadaver study and clinical consideration","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23796","article-title":"Variation of surgical anatomy of the thoracic portion of the long thoracic nerve","volume":"35","author":"Ormsby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.20794","article-title":"The long thoracic nerve: Its origin, branches, and relationship to the middle scalene muscle","volume":"22","author":"Yazar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00727","article-title":"Scapular winging: evaluation and treatment: AAOS exhibit selection","volume":"97","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib24","first-page":"469","article-title":"Pectoralis minor syndrome - review of pathoanatomy, diagnosis, and management of the primary cause of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"2","author":"Ahmed","year":"2022","journal-title":"JSES Rev Rep Tech"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504265193","article-title":"Nerve injury about the shoulder in athletes, part 2: long thoracic nerve, spinal accessory nerve, burners\/stingers, thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Safran","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.5090\/kjtcs.2017.50.1.36","article-title":"Evaluation of complications after surgical treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"50","author":"Hosseinian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325005805?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325005805?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1775616845000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502325005805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502325005805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The Association of Long Thoracic Nerve Variants With Medial Scapular Winging in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Clinical and Anatomical Study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.10.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}