{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:51:47Z","timestamp":1775620307346,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandsurg.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,3]],"date-time":"2026-01-03T20:20:39Z","timestamp":1767471639000},"page":"304-309","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of Edema on Flexor Tendon Tensile Forces Following Zone II Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis in a Cadaveric Model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5034-945X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric R.","family":"Taleghani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"Bucherl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Davenport","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Hale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Nauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7397-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kagan","family":"Ozer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(77)80025-7","article-title":"Primary flexor tendon repair followed by immediate controlled mobilization","volume":"2","author":"Lister","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e318208d28e","article-title":"Systematic review of flexor tendon rehabilitation protocols in zone II of the hand","volume":"127","author":"Chesney","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681_89_90152-6","article-title":"Early active mobilisation following flexor tendon repair in zone 2","volume":"14","author":"Small","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80216-7","article-title":"A comparative study of two methods of controlled mobilization of flexor tendon repairs in zone 2","volume":"23","author":"Peck","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.06.025","article-title":"Flexor tendon repair rehabilitation protocols: a systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Starr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80014-7","article-title":"Effect of immobilization, immediate mobilization, and delayed mobilization on the resistance to digital flexion using a tendon injury model","volume":"22","author":"Halikis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90224-0","article-title":"Flexor tendon repair in zone II with a new suture technique and an early mobilization program combining passive and active flexion","volume":"19","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200402000-00015","article-title":"Digital resistance and tendon strength during the first week after flexor digitorum profundus tendon repair in a canine model in vivo","volume":"86","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80145-8","article-title":"Flexor tendon repair in zone 2 followed by early active mobilization","volume":"21","author":"Baktir","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.08.011","article-title":"Passive mobilization with place-and-hold versus active mobilization therapy after flexor tendon repair: 5-year minimum follow-up of a randomized controlled trial","volume":"49","author":"Chevalley","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198703000-00025","article-title":"A combined regimen of controlled motion following flexor tendon repair in \u201cno man\u2019s land.\u201d","volume":"79","author":"Chow","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80055-7","article-title":"Controlled active motion following primary flexor tendon repair: a prospective study over 9 years","volume":"23","author":"Kitsis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jham.2024.100152","article-title":"Maximizing hand function following zone II flexor tendon repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis of rehabilitation strategies","volume":"16","author":"Mortada","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Microsurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1999.0230","article-title":"Early active mobilization of primary repairs of the flexor pollicis longus tendon","volume":"24","author":"Sirotakova","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80363-7","article-title":"Effect of motion and tension on injured flexor tendons in chickens","volume":"21","author":"Kubota","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.07.010","article-title":"Investigation of resistance of digital subcutaneous edema to gliding of the flexor tendon: an in vitro study","volume":"30","author":"Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2022.08.019","article-title":"Therapy after flexor tendon repair","volume":"39","author":"Skirven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1197\/j.jht.2005.01.007","article-title":"The evolution of early mobilization of the repaired flexor tendon","volume":"18","author":"Pettengill","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(94)90272-0","article-title":"Dynamic analysis of profundus tendon function","volume":"19","author":"Greenwald","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI171058","article-title":"Guidelines for repeated measures statistical analysis approaches with basic science research considerations","volume":"133","author":"Muhammad","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib21","series-title":"Proceedings of the Thirtieth Annual SAS Users Group International Conference","article-title":"Guidelines for selecting the covariance structure in mixed model analysis","author":"Kincaid","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934231182868","article-title":"Complications of flexor tendon repair","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2006.12.009","article-title":"Indications, methods, postoperative motion and outcome evaluation of primary flexor tendon repairs in zone 2","volume":"32","author":"Tang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193418773008","article-title":"Recent evolutions in flexor tendon repairs and rehabilitation","volume":"43","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193417715213","article-title":"Outcomes of flexor tendon repairs in zone 2 subzones with early active mobilization","volume":"42","author":"Moriya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.03.001","article-title":"Primary flexor tendon repair with early active motion: experience in Europe","volume":"33","author":"Giesen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00019","article-title":"Effect of gap size on gliding resistance after flexor tendon repair","volume":"86","author":"Zhao","year":"2004","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2003.09.017","article-title":"Gliding characteristics and gap formation for locking and grasping tendon repairs: a biomechanical study in a human cadaver model1","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.04.014","article-title":"The effect of partial A2 pulley excision on gliding resistance and pulley strength in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4636(2000)53:6<806::AID-JBM23>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"The effect of knot location, suture material, and suture size on the gliding resistance of flexor tendons","volume":"53","author":"Momose","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2006.08.001","article-title":"Resistance to motion of flexor tendons and digital edema: an in vivo study in a chicken model","volume":"31","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.03.038","article-title":"The effects of edema and self-adherent wrap on the work of flexion in a cadaveric hand","volume":"37","author":"Buonocore","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BCR.0000075846.92114.AD","article-title":"Effect of 3M Coban self-adherent wraps on edema and function of the burned hand: a case study","volume":"24","author":"Lowell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Burn Care Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.5014\/ajot.38.4.265","article-title":"Brief or new: the use of self-adherent wrap in hand rehabilitation","volume":"38","author":"Enos","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Occup Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1159\/000148003","article-title":"Connections between the tendons of the musculus flexor digitorum profundus involving the synovial sheaths in the carpal tunnel","volume":"160","author":"Leijnse","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Anat (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411430810","article-title":"The quadriga phenomenon: a review and clinical relevance","volume":"37","author":"Schreuders","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Hand Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325006598?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0363502325006598?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T02:53:51Z","timestamp":1775616831000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0363502325006598"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0363502325006598"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["0363-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0363-5023","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effect of Edema on Flexor Tendon Tensile Forces Following Zone II Repair: A Biomechanical Analysis in a Cadaveric Model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"The Journal of Hand Surgery","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.12.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}