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The follow-up time ranged from 4 months to 14 years with a mean of 6 years. Sixty-four phalanges showed radiographically measured growth, 22 phalanges showed signs of resorption, while 27 phalanges showed neither growth nor resorption. Resorption increased with patient age. Three patients developed donor site problems. The optimum timing for initial surgery is as early as possible because of the safer and greater growth potential and less resorption of the transplanted phalanges. Non-vascularized free toe phalanx transplantations offer a simple and safe method of lengthening with a significant improvement of hand function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2005.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,3]],"date-time":"2005-08-03T16:49:16Z","timestamp":1123087756000},"page":"446-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Non-Vascularized Free Toe Phalanx Transplantation in the Treatment of Symbrachydactyly and Constriction Ring Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"GOHLA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik f\u00fcr Handchirurgie, Rh\u00f6n-Klinikum, Bad Neustadt\/Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CH.","family":"METZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik f\u00fcr Handchirurgie, Rh\u00f6n-Klinikum, Bad Neustadt\/Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"LANZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Klinik f\u00fcr Handchirurgie, Rh\u00f6n-Klinikum, Bad Neustadt\/Saale, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"b1-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02816571"},{"key":"b2-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Handchir-urgie\/Hand Surgery","volume":"1","author":"Buck-Gramcko D","year":"1981"},{"key":"b3-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01061-1","volume":"6","author":"Buck-Gramcko D","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"key":"b4-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"727","volume":"57","author":"Carroll RE","year":"1975","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"b5-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00084-6"},{"key":"b6-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","unstructured":"FlattAEThe care of congenital hand anomalies1977St. LouisCV Mosby121145"},{"key":"b7-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(89)90004-1"},{"key":"b8-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"356","volume":"60","author":"Goebel W","year":"1913","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"b9-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(82)80039-7"},{"key":"b10-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00137-2","volume":"14","author":"James MA","year":"1998","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"key":"b11-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jassh.2003.12.006"},{"key":"b12-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01373-1","volume":"1","author":"Lister GD","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hand Clinics"},{"key":"b13-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"902","volume":"45","author":"Murray JF","year":"1972","journal-title":"Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"},{"key":"b14-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"465","volume":"67","author":"Noesske K","year":"1920","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"b15-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90050-D"},{"key":"b16-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","first-page":"190","volume-title":"Congenital differences of the upper limb, Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Congenital differences of the upper limb","author":"Tonkin M","year":"2000"},{"key":"b17-10.1016_j.jhsb.2005.06.003","unstructured":"WolffHDiskussion zu Lexer: Gelenktransplantation. 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