{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:23:00Z","timestamp":1787062980005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,6,1]],"date-time":"2006-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1149120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Scaphoid fractures predominantly affect young men, in whom the UK smoking prevalence approaches 40%. We examined the association between smoking and failure of non-vascularized bone grafting and screw fixation for scaphoid non-union and delayed union in a retrospective cohort study. Adequate follow-up was obtained in 64 of 87 patients treated (74%). Union was defined as the presence of trabecular continuity on at least two films from a four-view radiographic series. Union was achieved in 47 of 64 cases. Seventeen were smokers. Thirteen of the 17 patients with non-union were smokers (relative risk 3.7; 95% CI: 1.3\u201310.1, p = 0.005). Proximal pole fractures, long injury-grafting interval and non-compliance were not more frequent in smokers than non-smokers. Smoking is strongly associated with failure of union after screw fixation and non-vascularized bone grafting of the scaphoid. Smokers should be advised to avoid smoking pre-operatively and during the healing period.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2005.12.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,22]],"date-time":"2006-02-22T07:28:35Z","timestamp":1140593315000},"page":"252-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Failure of Surgery for Scaphoid Non-Union is Associated with Smoking"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"C. P.","family":"LITTLE","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"From the Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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