{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:24:18Z","timestamp":1790400258512,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Myofibroblasts and TGF-\u03b21 are implicated in Dupuytren\u2019s contracture. Transforming growth factor \u03b21(TGF-\u03b21) (1\u201310 ng\/ml) increases myofibroblast induction in Dupuytren\u2019s fibroblasts and contraction in a collagen model. However, higher doses (20\u201330 ng\/ml) inhibit contraction in dermal fibroblasts. We hypothesized higher doses of TGF-\u03b21 would inhibit induction of myofibroblasts and contraction by Dupuytren\u2019s fibroblasts. Increasing doses of TGF-\u03b21 (0\u201330 ng\/ml) were tested on Dupuytren\u2019s fibroblasts using immunofluorescence to determine myofibroblast upregulation and a 3D collagen model used to determine contractile forces. Flexor retinaculum fibroblasts were used as controls. TGF-\u03b21 induced myofibroblasts in Dupuytren\u2019s fibroblasts ( n = 3) from 12% (0 ng\/ml) to 23% (12.5 ng\/ml) at 24 hours but dropped to 13% at 30 ng\/ml ( P &lt; 0.05). This response was mirrored in the contraction profiles. These trends were similar for flexor retinaculum fibroblasts ( n = 3), but contractile forces and myofibroblast induction were significantly less ( P &lt; 0.001). This is the first report of negative feedback inhibition of TGF-\u03b21 at higher concentrations in Dupuytren\u2019s fibroblasts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsb.2006.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,27]],"date-time":"2006-07-27T07:16:19Z","timestamp":1153984579000},"page":"473-483","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Feedback Inhibition of High TGF-\u03b21 Concentrations on Myofibroblast Induction and Contraction by Dupuytren\u2019s Fibroblasts"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"WONG","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Repair & Engineering Centre, UCL, Institute of Orthopaedics and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, Middsex, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"MUDERA","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tissue Repair & Engineering Centre, UCL, Institute of Orthopaedics and 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