{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:44:28Z","timestamp":1791999868257,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jhsgo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T23:55:01Z","timestamp":1643586901000},"page":"123-127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Risk Factors for Infection After Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: Analysis of Impact on Cost of Care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ryan S.","family":"Constantine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elliot L.H.","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael B.","family":"Gehring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Ohmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e242","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000312","article-title":"The epidemiology of upper extremity fractures in the United States, 2009","volume":"29","author":"Karl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Epidemiological and treatment trends of distal radius fractures across multiple age groups","volume":"8","author":"Azad","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01478","article-title":"Functional outcomes for unstable distal radial fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation or closed reduction and percutaneous fixation. A prospective randomized trial","volume":"91","author":"Rozental","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00014","article-title":"Volar locking plates versus augmented external fixation of intra-articular distal radial fractures: functional results from a randomized controlled trial","volume":"101","author":"Hammer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.08.009","article-title":"A\u00a0meta-analysis of outcomes of external fixation versus plate osteosynthesis for unstable distal radius fractures","volume":"30","author":"Margaliot","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.05.007","article-title":"Cost of surgical treatment for distal radius fractures and the implications of episode-based bundled payments","volume":"43","author":"Huetteman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"9596","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"370","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib8","article-title":"Antibiotics for treating chronic osteomyelitis in adults","volume":"9","author":"Conterno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib9","first-page":"939","article-title":"Significant change in the surgical treatment of distal radius fractures: a nationwide study between 1998 and 2008 in Finland","volume":"71","author":"Mattila","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Trauma"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193410364179","article-title":"Extension fractures of the distal radius in patients older than 50: a prospective randomized study comparing fixation using mixed pins or a palmar fixed-angle plate","volume":"35","author":"Marcheix","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193413489057","article-title":"Comparison of palmar fixed-angle plate fixation with K-wire fixation of distal radius fractures (AO A2, A3, C1) in elderly patients","volume":"39","author":"Goehre","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00688","article-title":"Comparison of direct perioperative costs in treatment of unstable distal radial fractures: open reduction and internal fixation versus closed reduction and percutaneous pinning","volume":"100","author":"Nandyala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B8.35234","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of treatment with percutaneous Kirschner wires versus volar locking plate for adult patients with a dorsally displaced fracture of the distal radius: analysis from the DRAFFT trial","volume":"97\u2013B","author":"Tubeuf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3017","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-015-4347-1","article-title":"Are volar locking plates superior to percutaneous K-wires for distal radius fractures? A meta-analysis","volume":"473","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2017.11.018","article-title":"Perioperative antibiotics for clean hand surgery: a national study","volume":"43","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000001265","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis for preventing surgical-site infection in plastic surgery: an evidence-based consensus conference statement from the American Association of Plastic Surgeons","volume":"135","author":"Ariyan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2014.12.007","article-title":"Infection after hand surgery","volume":"31","author":"Eberlin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.17.00197","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in the management of open fractures: a systematic survey of current practice and recommendations","volume":"7","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2006.7.379","article-title":"Council of the Surgical Infection Society. Surgical Infection Society guideline: prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures: an evidence-based guideline","volume":"7","author":"Hauser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944716643294","article-title":"Timing of debridement and infection rates in open fractures of the hand: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Ketonis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.249","article-title":"Diabetes and risk of surgical site infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2013.02.018","article-title":"Obesity and surgical site infections risk in orthopedics: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Yuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000546","article-title":"Obesity increases complexity of distal radius fracture in fall from standing height","volume":"30","author":"Ebinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944717750915","article-title":"Distal radius fractures: does obesity affect fracture pattern, treatment, and functional outcomes?","volume":"14","author":"Montague","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2012.02.001","article-title":"The epidemiology of distal radius fractures","volume":"28","author":"Nellans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-010-1463-3","article-title":"Epidemiology and seasonal variation of distal radius fractures in Oulu, Finland","volume":"22","author":"Flinkkil\u00e4","year":"2011","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.606074","article-title":"Epidemiology and treatment of distal radius fractures in Reykjavik, Iceland, in 2004. Comparison with an Icelandic study from 1985","volume":"82","author":"Sigurdardottir","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-18-00193","article-title":"Antibiotic prophylaxis in open fractures: evidence, evolving issues, and recommendations","volume":"28","author":"Garner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0b013e31824f632d","article-title":"Wound healing and infection in surgery: the pathophysiological impact of smoking, smoking cessation, and nicotine replacement therapy: a systematic review","volume":"255","author":"S\u00f8rensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00132-017-3403-9","article-title":"Risk factors for distal radius fracture in postmenopausal women","volume":"46","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthopade"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.08.017","article-title":"The impact of obesity and smoking on outcomes after volar plate fixation of distal radius fractures","volume":"44","author":"Hall","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944718810882","article-title":"Smoking increases postoperative complications after distal radius fracture fixation: a review of 417 patients from a level 1 trauma center","volume":"15","author":"Hess","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2020.07.014","article-title":"The impact of smoking on early postoperative complications in hand surgery","volume":"46","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.16.00122","article-title":"Perioperative smoking cessation and clinical care pathway for orthopaedic surgery","volume":"5","author":"Truntzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.03.003","article-title":"Epidemiology of distal radius fractures and factors predicting risk and prognosis","volume":"29","author":"MacIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hand Ther"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514121001420?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514121001420?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T18:57:47Z","timestamp":1762887467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589514121001420"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589514121001420"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5141","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk Factors for Infection After Distal Radius Fracture Fixation: Analysis of Impact on Cost of Care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.12.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society for Surgery of the Hand.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}