{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T08:23:12Z","timestamp":1787300592359,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhsgo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T10:24:02Z","timestamp":1769509442000},"page":"100935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Current Gaps and Future Directions in Brachial Plexus, Upper-Extremity and Lower-Extremity Nerve Injuries (Nerve SPACE 2025)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6617-7229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Blum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusha Katie","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Dy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1177\/1558944720963895","article-title":"Incidence of nerve injury after extremity trauma in the United States","volume":"17","author":"Padovano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2021.05.008","article-title":"Management of adult brachial plexus injuries","volume":"46","author":"Hill","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-21-11-675","article-title":"Tendon transfers for radial, median, and ulnar nerve palsy","volume":"21","author":"Seiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0000000000002081","article-title":"An update on the management of adult traumatic nerve injuries-replacing old paradigms: a review","volume":"86","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib5","article-title":"Current gaps in evidence and knowledge: upper extremity nerve injury\u2013what questions need to be asked? Paper presented at: Nerve SPACE Conference","author":"Wright","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nerve SPACE Conference"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.130094","article-title":"Factors predicting sensory and motor recovery after the repair of upper limb peripheral nerve injuries","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neural Regen Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcomdis.2010.04.003","article-title":"The physiology of neural injury and regeneration: the role of neurotrophic factors","volume":"43","author":"Gordon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Commun Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934241240867","article-title":"Timing of surgery in peripheral nerve injury of the upper extremity","volume":"49","author":"Felici","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpra.2025.02.018","article-title":"Timing and predictors of upper extremity peripheral nerve reconstruction","volume":"44","author":"Gray","year":"2025","journal-title":"JPRAS Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002767","article-title":"Evidence-based approach to timing of nerve surgery: a review","volume":"87","author":"MacKay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31820cf556","article-title":"Adult peripheral nerve disorders: nerve entrapment, repair, transfer, and brachial plexus disorders","volume":"127","author":"Fox","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1999.91.4.0636","article-title":"Correlation between histopathological findings in C-5 and C-6 nerve stumps and motor recovery following nerve grafting for repair of brachial plexus injury","volume":"91","author":"Malessy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199712000-00018","article-title":"Value of nerve action potentials in the surgical management of traumatic nerve lesions","volume":"41","author":"Oberle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.10.033","article-title":"A systematic review of outcomes reporting for brachial plexus reconstruction","volume":"40","author":"Dy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2024.12.001","article-title":"The current state of outcome measurements after peripheral nerve injury: a systematic review","volume":"7","author":"Carey-Ewend","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib16","article-title":"Current gaps in evidence and knowledge: lower extremity nerve injury. Paper presented at: Nerve SPACE Conference","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paper presented at: Nerve SPACE Conference"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8652","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228652","article-title":"Peripheral nerve regeneration and muscle reinnervation","volume":"21","author":"Gordon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4598(200011)23:11<1647::AID-MUS1>3.0.CO;2-M","article-title":"Functional and clinical significance of skeletal muscle architecture","volume":"23","author":"Lieber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.20.00256","article-title":"Traumatic peroneal nerve injuries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Mackay","year":"2022","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004436","article-title":"Surgical interventions for lumbosacral plexus injuries: a systematic review","volume":"10","author":"Nichols","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2021.07.001","article-title":"Outcomes of tibial nerve repair and transfer: a structured evidence-based systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Garg","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1726030","article-title":"Impact of body mass index and comorbidities on outcomes in upper extremity nerve transfers","volume":"37","author":"Head","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36S","DOI":"10.1177\/15589447221075664","article-title":"Elevated body mass index negatively impacts recovery of shoulder abduction strength in triceps motor branch to axillary nerve transfers","volume":"18","author":"Karir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hand (N Y)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-013-1896-5","article-title":"Spinal to accessory nerve transfer in traumatic brachial plexus palsy: is body mass index a predictor of outcome","volume":"156","author":"Socolovsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"? Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2021.09.040","article-title":"Treatment approach to isolated common peroneal nerve palsy by mechanism of injury: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participants' data","volume":"75","author":"Klifto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000003699","article-title":"Lower extremity nerve transfers in acute flaccid myelitis patients: a case series","volume":"9","author":"Moore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/ons\/opab057","article-title":"Sciatic-to-femoral nerve end-to-end coaptation for proximal lower extremity function in patients with acute flaccid myelitis: technical note and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Lubelski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oper Neurosurg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.01268","article-title":"Acute flaccid myelitis: mid-term clinical course of knee extension paralysis and outcomes of nerve transfer","volume":"106","author":"Doi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1002\/micr.30174","article-title":"Partial tibial nerve transfer to tibialis anterior for traumatic peroneal nerve palsy","volume":"37","author":"Ferris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microsurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2287-6446","article-title":"Anatomical and technical considerations in fascicular nerve transfers for foot drop","volume":"41","author":"Seruya","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000002233","article-title":"Management of sciatic nerve defects: lessons learned and proposal for a new strategy","volume":"84","author":"Mathieu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib32","article-title":"Adult brachial plexus injury: current gaps in evidence and knowledge","author":"Dy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Paper presented at: Nerve SPACE Conference"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.08.001","article-title":"Pain interference prior to and 1 year after surgery for adult traumatic brachial plexus injury","volume":"49","author":"Dy","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00497","article-title":"Development of a questionnaire to measure impact and outcomes of brachial plexus injury","volume":"100","author":"Mancuso","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.07.054","article-title":"A population-based analysis of time to surgery and travel distances for brachial plexus surgery","volume":"41","author":"Dy","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2016.05.007","article-title":"A thematic analysis of online discussion boards for brachial plexus injury","volume":"41","author":"Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.10.002","article-title":"Variation in recommended treatment strategies among American surgeons for actual adult traumatic brachial plexus injury cases","volume":"50","author":"Christy","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514125002555?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514125002555?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:26:39Z","timestamp":1787297199000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589514125002555"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589514125002555"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5141","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current Gaps and Future Directions in Brachial Plexus, Upper-Extremity and Lower-Extremity Nerve Injuries (Nerve SPACE 2025)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2025.100935","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society for Surgery of the Hand.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100935"}}