{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T21:12:24Z","timestamp":1778188344199,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhsgo.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T14:24:37Z","timestamp":1774275877000},"page":"100993","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Amyloidosis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Management Considerations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Justin","family":"Laridaen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel C.","family":"Klena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3551-3266","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louis C.","family":"Grandizio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2017.07.004","article-title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: a update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"28","author":"Siddiqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.14797\/mdcj-8-3-3","article-title":"The amyloidoses: clinical features, diagnosis and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Baker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/pin.13395","article-title":"Epidemiological study of the subtype frequency of systemic amyloidosis listed in the Annual of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan","volume":"74","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pathol Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2010.11.017","article-title":"Wild-type transthyretin-derived amyloidosis in various ligaments and tendons","volume":"42","author":"Sueyoshi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03912-z","article-title":"Musculoskeletal pathology as an early warning sign of systemic amyloidosis: a systematic review of amyloid deposition and orthopedic surgery","volume":"22","author":"Wininger","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2019.06.016","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: a potential early, red-flag sign of amyloidosis","volume":"44","author":"Donnelly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.07.092","article-title":"Tenosynovial and cardiac amyloidosis in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release","volume":"72","author":"Sperry","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.01.005","article-title":"Being a better starfish thrower, carpal tunnel syndrome, and cardiac amyloidosis: the hand surgeon's opportunity to make a profound difference","volume":"49","author":"Darden","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.02093","article-title":"Diagnosing systemic amyloidosis presenting as carpal tunnel syndrome: a risk nomogram to guide biopsy at time of carpal tunnel release","volume":"103","author":"Sood","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.01.028","article-title":"Development of an amyloidosis risk score for positive tenosynovial biopsy at carpal tunnel release","volume":"50","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.09.005","article-title":"Results of implementation of amyloidosis screening for patients undergoing carpal tunnel release","volume":"49","author":"Gannon","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"supplement_2","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/ehaa946.2126","article-title":"The frequency of cardiac amyloidosis in 182 patients receiving carpal tunnel release surgery","volume":"41","author":"Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2022.02.013","article-title":"Prevalence and subtypes of tenosynovial amyloid in patients undergoing carpal tunnel release","volume":"47","author":"DiBenedetto","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7146","article-title":"Mammography screening: a new estimate of number needed to screen to prevent one breast cancer death","volume":"198","author":"Hendrick","year":"2012","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890701842988","article-title":"Senile systemic amyloidosis affects 25% of the very aged and associates with genetic variation in alpha2-macroglobulin and tau: a population-based autopsy study","volume":"40","author":"Tanskanen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(83)90443-6","article-title":"Frequency and distribution of senile cardiovascular amyloid. A clinicopathologic correlation","volume":"75","author":"Cornwell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/91.4.393","article-title":"Amyloid localized to tenosynovium at carpal tunnel release. Natural history of 124 cases","volume":"91","author":"Kyle","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199610)19:10<1349::AID-MUS16>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Amyloid deposition in the synovium and ligament in idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Nakamichi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.05.004","article-title":"A comparison of tenosynovial and transverse carpal ligament biopsy for amyloid detection in open carpal tunnel release","volume":"49","author":"Ozdag","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.07.016","article-title":"Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome by members of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand: a 25-year perspective","volume":"37","author":"Leinberry","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.10.017","article-title":"Results of endoscopic carpal tunnel release relative to surgeon experience with the agee technique","volume":"36","author":"Beck","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2024.01.002","article-title":"A comparison of amyloid deposition in endoscopic and open carpal tunnel release","volume":"49","author":"Ozdag","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.06.009","article-title":"Amyloid biopsy during endoscopic carpal tunnel release: a comparison of tenosynovial and antebrachial fascia specimens","volume":"50","author":"Mahmoud","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.03.007","article-title":"Differences in the incidence of amyloid deposition in biopsies performed during bilateral carpal tunnel release","volume":"50","author":"Ozdag","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2021.1994386","article-title":"Tissue biopsy for the diagnosis of amyloidosis: experience from some centres","volume":"29","author":"Benson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iii7","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartjsupp\/suaf036","article-title":"Present and future of endomyocardial biopsy in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"27","author":"Grasso","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Suppl"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acthis.2006.03.017","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of Congo red staining according to Romh\u00e1nyi. Comparison with Puchtler\u2019s or Bennhold\u2019s methods","volume":"108","author":"B\u00e9ly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Acta Histochem"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh503","article-title":"AL-amyloidosis is underdiagnosed in renal biopsies","volume":"19","author":"Novak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.29.1.22","article-title":"Experience with the sodium sulphate-Alcian Blue stain for amyloid in cardiac pathology","volume":"29","author":"Pomerance","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-200606000-00002","article-title":"Immunohistochemical classification of amyloid in surgical pathology revisited","volume":"30","author":"Kebbel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2025.08.020","article-title":"Amyloidosis and biopsy during carpal tunnel release: a survey of American Society for Surgery of the Hand members","volume":"51","author":"Cross","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000792","article-title":"Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"Kittleson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib33","article-title":"Current role of PET imaging in cardiac amyloidosis","volume":"61","author":"Vuthaluru","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.16198","article-title":"Establishment of brain natriuretic peptide-based criteria for evaluating cardiac response to treatment in light chain (AL) amyloidosis","volume":"188","author":"Lilleness","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716153","article-title":"Patisiran, an RNAi therapeutic, for hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis","volume":"379","author":"Adams","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1716793","article-title":"Inotersen treatment for patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis","volume":"379","author":"Benson","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib38","series-title":"Study of ALXN2220 versus placebo in adults with ATTR-CM (DepleTTR-CM)","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/13506129.2024.2420809","article-title":"PRX004 in variant amyloid transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis: results of a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation study","volume":"32","author":"Suhr","year":"2025","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1805689","article-title":"Tafamidis treatment for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy","volume":"379","author":"Maurer","year":"2018","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2658","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.283815","article-title":"Repurposing diflunisal for familial amyloid polyneuropathy: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Berk","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib42","series-title":"Doxycycline to upgrade organ response in light chain (AL) amyloidosis trial (DUAL)","year":"2026"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.02.014","article-title":"A single administration of CRISPR\/Cas9 lipid nanoparticles achieves robust and persistent in vivo genome editing","volume":"22","author":"Finn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/bcj.2017.26","article-title":"Encouraging impact of doxycycline on early mortality in cardiac light chain (AL) amyloidosis","volume":"7","author":"Wechalekar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.3109\/13506129.2012.678508","article-title":"Doxycycline plus tauroursodeoxycholic acid for transthyretin amyloidosis: a phase II study","volume":"19","author":"Obici","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amyloid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-021-01317-y","article-title":"A randomized phase 3 study of ixazomib-dexamethasone versus physician\u2019s choice in relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis","volume":"36","author":"Dispenzieri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2023.11.016","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome and transthyretin amyloidosis in the All of Us Research Program","volume":"99","author":"Shetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsg.2021.04.004","article-title":"Coding practices in hand surgery and their relationship to surgeon compensation structure","volume":"3","author":"Coyle","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Glob Online"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514126000484?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2589514126000484?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T20:48:01Z","timestamp":1778186881000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2589514126000484"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S2589514126000484"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993","relation":{},"ISSN":["2589-5141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2589-5141","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Amyloidosis and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: An Update on Diagnostic and Management Considerations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Surgery Global Online","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsg.2026.100993","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The American Society for Surgery of the Hand.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100993"}}