{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T14:12:52Z","timestamp":1789135972500,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandtherapy.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T02:17:10Z","timestamp":1618453030000},"page":"215-225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The role of diagnostic ultrasound in the examination of carpal tunnel syndrome: an update and systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Mia","family":"Erickson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marsha","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann","family":"Lucado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.3351","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of carpal tunnel syndrome in US working populations: pooled analysis of six prospective studies","volume":"39","author":"Dale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0002","first-page":"463","article-title":"Electrosonodiagnosis in carpal tunnel syndrome: a proposed diagnostic algorithm based on an analytic literature review","volume":"8","author":"Goldberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20190604-02","article-title":"Ultrasonography provides a diagnosis similar to that of nerve conduction studies for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Drakopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.21431","article-title":"Peripheral nerve size in normals and patients with polyneuropathy: an ultrasound study","volume":"40","author":"Zaidman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1552-6569.2008.00256.x","article-title":"Ultrasonographic reference values for assessing the normal median nerve in adults","volume":"19","author":"Cartwright","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03756-z","article-title":"The controversy of the normal values of ultrasonography in carpal tunnel syndrome: diagnostic accuracy of wrist-dependent CSA revisited","volume":"40","author":"De Kleermaeker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0007","unstructured":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of carpal tunnel syndrome evidence-based clinical practice guideline. http:\/\/www.aaos.org\/ctsguideline. Published 2016. Accessed December 28, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0008","unstructured":"Center of Evidence Based Medicine. Critical appraisal form for diagnsotic accuracy studies. https:\/\/www.cebm.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Diagnostic-Accuracy-Studies.pdf. Accessed February 27, 2019."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0009","unstructured":"Bruy\u00e8re Research Institute. AMSTAR: a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews. https:\/\/amstar.ca\/Amstar_Checklist.php. Accessed March 3, 2020."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.10.009","article-title":"AMSTAR is a reliable and valid measurement tool to assess the methodological quality of systematic reviews","volume":"62","author":"Shea","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2018.08.008","article-title":"The median to ulnar cross-sectional surface area ratio in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"129","author":"Jiwa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2016.40.6.1040","article-title":"Relationship between electrodiagnosis and various ultrasonographic findings for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.4.604","article-title":"Determination of electrophysiologically moderate and severe carpal tunnel syndrome: ultrasonographic measurement of median nerve at the wrist","volume":"41","author":"Phongamwong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.7863\/ultra.15.01069","article-title":"Reliability assessment of various sonographic techniques for evaluating carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Junck","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0015","series-title":"Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice","author":"Portney","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1707-124","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of the sonographic median to ulnar nerve cross-sectional area ratio in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Atan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Turkish J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.14417","article-title":"Use of multiple ultrasonographic parameters in confirmation of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"37","author":"A\u017eman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000373","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome gading using high-resolution ultrasonography","volume":"34","author":"El Habashy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/01616412.2016.1275455","article-title":"Diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome with Doppler ultrasonography: a comparison of ultrasonographic measurements and electrophysiological severity","volume":"39","author":"Kutlar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3043","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15012","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound parameters in carpal tunnel sndrome: additional criteria for diagnosis","volume":"38","author":"Gonzalez-Suarez","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.5606\/tftrd.2019.2421","article-title":"Estimating the most accurate sonographic measurement in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: Which is the best?","volume":"65","author":"K\u00f6ro\u011flu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turkish J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-019-0351-3","article-title":"Ratio and difference of the cross-sectional area of median nerve to ulnar nerve in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: a case control study","volume":"19","author":"Chang","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Med Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejr.2018.04.001","article-title":"Diagnostic potential of high resolution ultrasound and nerve conduction study in patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"41","author":"El-Shintenawy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Egypt Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2017.41.4.595","article-title":"The correlation between electrodiagnostic results and ultrasonographic findings in the severity of carpal tunnel syndrome in females","volume":"41","author":"Ha","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2018.07.015","article-title":"Sonographic findings associated with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Wessel","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-018-2036-4","article-title":"Effectiveness of ultrasonography and nerve conduction studies in the diagnosing of carpal tunnel syndrome: Clinical trial on accuracy","volume":"19","author":"Pimentel","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S177307","article-title":"The diagnostic accuracy of median nerve ultrasonography in elderly patients with carpal tunnel syndrome: Sensitivity and specificity assessment","volume":"13","author":"Roghani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.08.489","article-title":"Accuracy of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"99","author":"Torres-Costoso","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0029","series-title":"User's Guides to the Medical Literature: A Manual for Evidence-Based Clinical Practice","author":"Guyatt","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2008.27.2.193","article-title":"Reproducability of sonographic measurments of the median nerve","volume":"27","author":"Alem\u00e1n","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.23426","article-title":"Median nerve ultrasound as a screening tool in carpal tunnel syndrome: Correlation of cross-sectional area measures with electrodiagnostic abnormality","volume":"46","author":"Mhoon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.20551","article-title":"Sonographic measurement of cross-sectional area of the median nerve in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: correlation with nerve conduction studies","volume":"37","author":"Moran","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-014-1929-z","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria of carpal tunnel syndrome using high-resolution ultrasonography: correlation with nerve conduction studies","volume":"43","author":"Ooi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1097\/00029330-200803010-00020","article-title":"Best diagnostic criterion in high-resolution ultrasonography for carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chang Gung Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22264","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: clinical, electrophysiological, and ultrasonographic ratio after surgery","volume":"45","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Muscle and Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.02.026","article-title":"Ultrasonography for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome: a meta-analysis of dagnostic test accuracy","volume":"38","author":"Tai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24478","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome severity staging using sonographic and clinical measures","volume":"51","author":"Roll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.12310","article-title":"The diagnostic value of ultrasound compared with nerve conduction velocity in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Azami","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.1991.10.10.531","article-title":"High-resolution ultrasonography of the carpal tunnel","volume":"10","author":"Buchberger","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(01)00012-9","article-title":"Pathophysiology of nerve compression","volume":"18","author":"Mackinnon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hand Clin"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113021000612?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113021000612?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T04:05:12Z","timestamp":1760241912000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894113021000612"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0894113021000612"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The role of diagnostic ultrasound in the examination of carpal tunnel syndrome: an update and systematic review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2021.04.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}