{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T16:12:36Z","timestamp":1792512756685,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandtherapy.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,3]],"date-time":"2025-07-03T22:31:24Z","timestamp":1751581884000},"page":"347-359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Combined robot-assisted therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas R.","family":"Alashram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/17474930211065917","article-title":"World Stroke Organization (WSO): Global Stroke Fact Sheet 2022","volume":"17","author":"Feigin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2011.593679","article-title":"The efficacy of electrical stimulation in reducing the post-stroke spasticity: a randomized controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Sahin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1177\/15459683211028240","article-title":"Challenges of estimating accurate prevalence of arm weakness early after stroke","volume":"35","author":"Simpson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2402","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0b013e3181e7512b","article-title":"Comprehensive overview of nursing and interdisciplinary rehabilitation care of the stroke patient","volume":"41","author":"Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib5","first-page":"707","article-title":"Understanding upper limb recovery after stroke","volume":"31","author":"Buma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00442","article-title":"Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: a multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery","volume":"10","author":"Hatem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968304272698","article-title":"Improvement of motor function with noninvasive cortical stimulation in a patient with chronic stroke","volume":"19","author":"Hummel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motor function assessment of upper limb in stroke patients","volume":"2","author":"Pan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Healthc Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(14)70160-7","article-title":"Constraint-induced movement therapy after stroke","volume":"14","author":"Kwakkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/2516608519864760","article-title":"Task-oriented motor learning in upper extremity rehabilitation post-stroke","volume":"2","author":"Alashram","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Stroke Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/2516608520943793","article-title":"Mental practice combined with physical practice to enhance upper extremity functional ability poststroke: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Alashram","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.22036","article-title":"Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery","volume":"319","author":"Gittler","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib13","first-page":"136","article-title":"Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper extremity spasticity post-stroke: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Alashram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Kuror"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12804","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for upper extremity spasticity rehabilitation in stroke survivors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"15","author":"Alashram","year":"2022","journal-title":"PM&R"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib15","article-title":"Interventions for improving upper limb function after stroke","volume":"2014","author":"Pollock","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Library"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-024-07360-8","article-title":"Combined noninvasive brain stimulation virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation poststroke: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"45","author":"Alashram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combined robot-assisted therapy virtual reality for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"4","author":"Alashram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10225245","article-title":"Robot-assisted training for upper limb in stroke (ROBOTAS): an observational, multicenter study to identify determinants of efficacy","volume":"10","author":"Calabr\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0807","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for promoting motor recovery of the upper extremity after stroke","volume":"43","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1406-22","article-title":"Poststroke upper extremity rehabilitation: a review of robotic systems and clinical results","volume":"14","author":"Brewer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.2340\/16501977-0434","article-title":"Robotics in neuro-rehabilitation","volume":"41","author":"Pignolo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.11124\/JBISRIR-2017-003635","article-title":"The economic cost of robotic rehabilitation for adult stroke patients: a systematic review protocol","volume":"16","author":"Lo","year":"2018","journal-title":"JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1080\/17434440.2020.1733408","article-title":"Robot-assisted therapy for arm recovery for stroke patients: state of the art and clinical implication","volume":"17","author":"Morone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Med Devices"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58630-2","article-title":"Comparisons between end-effector and exoskeleton rehabilitation robots regarding upper extremity function among chronic stroke patients with moderate-to-severe upper limb impairment","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-0003-11-163","article-title":"Home-based computer assisted arm rehabilitation (hCAAR) robotic device for upper limb exercise after stroke: results of a feasibility study in home setting","volume":"11","author":"Sivan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2013.00184","article-title":"Neurophysiology of robot-mediated training and therapy: a perspective for future use in clinical populations","volume":"4","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1742","article-title":"Robot-assisted therapy for upper-limb rehabilitation in subacute stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983-024-00795-y","article-title":"Effect of functional electrical stimulation of interscapular muscles on trunk performance and balance in post-stroke elderly patients","volume":"60","author":"Elhamrawy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1505-412","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for motor restoration in hemiplegia","volume":"15","author":"Chae","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2010.07.025","article-title":"Peripheral electrical stimulation to induce cortical plasticity: a systematic review of stimulus parameters","volume":"122","author":"Chipchase","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2008.02127.x","article-title":"Functional electrical stimulation in neurological disorders","volume":"15","author":"Sujith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1191\/0269215502cr504oa","article-title":"Therapeutic electrical stimulation to improve motor control and functional abilities of the upper extremity after stroke: a systematic review","volume":"16","author":"De Kroon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1403.2006.00065.x","article-title":"Electrical stimulation using implantable radiofrequency microstimulators to relieve pain associated with shoulder subluxation in chronic hemiplegic stroke","volume":"9","author":"Shimada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib34","first-page":"26","article-title":"Post-stroke shoulder subluxation: a concern for neuroscience nurses","volume":"27","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2005","journal-title":"Can J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2013.07.007","article-title":"The effects of post-stroke upper-limb training with an electromyography-driven hand robot","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Electromyogr Kinesiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-7378-6-9","article-title":"The influence of functional electrical stimulation on hand motor recovery in stroke patients: a review","volume":"6","author":"Quandt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Transl Stroke Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.3109\/17483107.2013.873491","article-title":"Effects of electromyography-driven robot-aided hand training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on hand control performance after chronic stroke","volume":"10","author":"Rong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib38","first-page":"2","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"71","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000100","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"6","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.10.005","article-title":"There was evidence of convergent and construct validity of physiotherapy evidence database quality scale for physiotherapy trials","volume":"63","author":"Macedo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1310\/Y6TG-1KQ9-LEDQ-64L8","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation evidence-based review: methodology","volume":"10","author":"Foley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.09.016","article-title":"Effects of a robot-assisted arm training plus hand functional electrical stimulation on recovery after stroke: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"101","author":"Straudi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering11010012","article-title":"Effect of 3-dimensional robotic therapy combined with electromyography-triggered neuromuscular electrical stimulation on upper limb function and cerebral cortex activation in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00447","article-title":"Early stroke rehabilitation of the upper limb assisted with an electromyography-driven neuromuscular electrical stimulation-robotic arm","volume":"8","author":"Qian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-989425","article-title":"ARMOR: Elektromechanischer Roboter f\u00fcr das Bewegungstraining der oberen Extremit\u00e4t nach Schlaganfall","volume":"40","author":"Mayr","year":"2008","journal-title":"Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-015-0088-3","article-title":"Effects of combining robot-assisted therapy with neuromuscular electrical stimulation on motor impairment, motor and daily function, and quality of life in patients with chronic stroke: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984-019-0537-5","article-title":"Distal versus proximal \u2013 an investigation on different supportive strategies by robots for upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Qian","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neuroeng Rehabil"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314565510","article-title":"Wrist rehabilitation assisted by an electromyography-driven neuromuscular electrical stimulation robot after stroke","volume":"29","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medj.2021.12.001","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation restores upper limb sensory-motor functions and body representations in chronic stroke survivors","volume":"3","author":"Crema","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968321997769","article-title":"A robotic system with EMG-triggered functional electrical stimulation for restoring arm functions in stroke survivors","volume":"35","author":"Ambrosini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1007\/s40141-023-00428-0","article-title":"Non-invasive brain stimulation combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation for upper limb rehabilitation in stroke survivors: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Alashram","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Phys Med Rehabil Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2019.03027","article-title":"Rewiring the lesioned brain: electrical stimulation for post-stroke motor restoration","volume":"22","author":"Bao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Stroke"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0911341","article-title":"Robot-assisted therapy for long-term upper-limb impairment after stroke","volume":"362","author":"Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-017-0435-5","article-title":"Effectiveness of upper limb functional electrical stimulation after stroke for the improvement of activities of daily living and motor function: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Eraifej","year":"2017","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2937","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S332967","article-title":"Optimal method of electrical stimulation for the treatment of upper limb dysfunction after stroke: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"7650","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib57","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions","author":"Higgins","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib58","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","author":"Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-023-01100-8","article-title":"Overview of the role of robots in upper limb disabilities rehabilitation: a scoping review","volume":"81","author":"Moulaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106294","article-title":"Are there differences in long-term functioning and recovery between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke patients receiving rehabilitation?","volume":"31","author":"Oosterveer","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/891651","article-title":"Rehabilitation outcomes: ischemic versus hemorrhagic strokes","volume":"2015","author":"Perna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Neurol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2735","article-title":"Plasticity during stroke recovery: from synapse to behaviour","volume":"10","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000025","article-title":"The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain","volume":"26","author":"Zeiler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"9778","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60325-5","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation","volume":"377","author":"Langhorne","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1310\/tsr1601-44","article-title":"Stroke rehabilitation: an international perspective","volume":"16","author":"Teasell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Top Stroke Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.04.005","article-title":"Observation of amounts of movement practice provided during stroke rehabilitation","volume":"90","author":"Lang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/17298806221118855","article-title":"A novel end-effector upper limb rehabilitation robot: kinematics modeling based on dual quaternion and low-speed spiral motion tracking control","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Adv Robot Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2024.1355052","article-title":"Design and motion control of exoskeleton robot for paralyzed lower limb rehabilitation","volume":"18","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2015-88","article-title":"Neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of muscle impairment: critical review and recommendations for clinical practice","volume":"69","author":"Nussbaum","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1080\/01942638.2018.1541040","article-title":"The association of motor skills and adaptive functioning in XXY\/Klinefelter and XXYY syndromes","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys Occup Ther Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3138\/ptc.2016-70","article-title":"Interrater reliability of three versions of the Chedoke arm and hand activity inventory","volume":"70","author":"Johnson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiother Can"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2493","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000185928.90848.2e","article-title":"Reliability and validity of the upper-extremity motor activity log-14 for measuring real-world arm use","volume":"36","author":"Uswatte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113025000535?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113025000535?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T18:26:35Z","timestamp":1759861595000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894113025000535"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0894113025000535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Combined robot-assisted therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation in upper limb rehabilitation in patients with stroke: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2025.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}