{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:53:38Z","timestamp":1777290818876,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jhandtherapy.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:18:25Z","timestamp":1777288705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of wrist flexor and extensor muscle recruitment between adults with and without chronic wrist hypermobility"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8166-687X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Karagiannopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sean F.","family":"Griech","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raylene B.","family":"Reed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Bassett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(90)90014-5","article-title":"Arthroscopy of the wrist: anatomy and classification of carpal instability","volume":"6","author":"Cooney","year":"1990","journal-title":"Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411407671","article-title":"Effects of forearm muscles on carpal stability","volume":"36E","author":"Salv\u00e0-Coll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.07.042","article-title":"Biomechanical study of the extensor carpi ulnaris as a dynamic wrist stabilizer","volume":"37","author":"Iida","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2016.03.009","article-title":"Role of muscles in the stabilization of ligament-deficient wrists","volume":"29","author":"Esplugas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-024-05363-x","article-title":"Effects of forearm rotation on wrist flexor and extensor muscle activities","volume":"20","author":"Ikeda","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.09.012","article-title":"Influence of forearm rotation on the kinetic stabilizing efficiency of the muscles that control the scapholunate joint. Clinical application in proprioceptive and neuromuscular rehabilitation programs","volume":"37","author":"Esplugas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2884","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00130.2012","article-title":"Changes in wrist muscle activity with forearm posture: implications for the study of sensorimotor transformations","volume":"108","author":"de Rugy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.09.011","article-title":"Scapholunate and lunotriquetral joint dynamic stabilizers and their role in wrist neuromuscular control and proprioception","volume":"37","author":"Salva-Coll","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib9","first-page":"11","article-title":"Muscular control of scapholunate instability. An experimental study","volume":"58","author":"Le\u00f3n-L\u00f3pez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev Esp Circ Ortop Traumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.09.023","article-title":"The role of the flexor carpi radialis muscle in scapholunate instability","volume":"36","author":"Salv\u00e0-Coll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib11","first-page":"544","article-title":"Role of the extensor carpi ulnaris and its sheath on dynamic carpal stability","volume":"37E","author":"Salva-Coll","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333429","article-title":"Understanding wrist mechanics: a long and winding road","volume":"2","author":"Garcia-Elias","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Wrist Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)00081-0","article-title":"The ligaments of the wrist. A current overview of anatomy with considerations of its potential functions","volume":"13","author":"Berger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib14","first-page":"81","article-title":"The sensorimotor system, part II: the role of proprioception in motor control and functional joint stability","volume":"37","author":"Riemann","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2009.09.008","article-title":"Proprioception of the wrist joint: a review of current concepts and possible implications on the rehabilitation of the wrist","volume":"23","author":"Hagert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193415590390","article-title":"The role of proprioception and neuromuscular stability in carpal instabilities","volume":"41E","author":"Hagert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.04.007","article-title":"Carpal ligaments: a functional classification","volume":"33","author":"Garcia-Elias","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.001","article-title":"Evidence of wrist proprioceptive reflexes elicited after stimulation of the scapholunate interosseous ligament","volume":"34","author":"Hagert","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1159\/000078427","article-title":"General innervation pattern and sensory corpuscles in the scapholunate interosseous ligament","volume":"177","author":"Hagert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cells Tissues Organs"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201108000-00002","article-title":"Impact of joint laxity and hypermobility on the musculoskeletal system","volume":"19","author":"Wolf","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib21","first-page":"804","article-title":"Epidemiology of general joint hypermobility and basis for the proposed criteria for benign joint hypermobility syndrome: review of the literature","volume":"34","author":"Remvig","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib22","first-page":"531","article-title":"Benign joint hypermobility syndrome: evaluation, diagnosis, and management","volume":"106","author":"Simpson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Osteopath Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-090314-050039","article-title":"The genetics of soft connective tissue disorders","volume":"16","author":"Vanakker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genom Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31539","article-title":"A framework for the classification of joint hypermobility and related conditions","volume":"175","author":"Castori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part C Semin Med Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-013-2790-4","article-title":"Do people with benign joint hypermobility syndrome (BJHS) have reduced joint proprioception? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0566-z","article-title":"Evaluation of knee proprioception and effects of proprioception exercise in patients with benign joint hypermobility syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Sahin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.09.014","article-title":"Chronic ankle instability is associated with proprioception deficits: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-021-04249-x","article-title":"Joint hypermobility in athletes is associated with shoulder injuries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Liaghat","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80123-5","article-title":"Ankle inversion injury and hypermobility: effect on hip and ankle muscle electromyography onset latency","volume":"76","author":"Beckman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.3109\/09638288.2015.1102336","article-title":"Shoulder function, pain and health related quality of life in adults with joint hypermobility syndrome\/Ehlers\u2013Danlos syndrome-hypermobility type","volume":"38","author":"Johannessen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2017.7682","article-title":"Hypermobility in adolescent athletes: pain, functional ability, quality of life, and musculoskeletal injuries","volume":"47","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2023.10.001","article-title":"Impact of chronic wrist hypermobility on proprioception, strength, and functional performance in young adults","volume":"37","author":"Karagiannopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100719846114","article-title":"Correlation between joint-position sense, peroneal strength, postural control, and functional performance ability in patients with chronic lateral ankle instability","volume":"40","author":"Cho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.4085\/1062-6050-385-16","article-title":"Balance- and strength-training protocols to improve chronic ankle instability deficits, part I: assessing clinical outcome measures","volume":"53","author":"Hall","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib35","first-page":"394","article-title":"Factors contributing to chronic ankle instability: a strength perspective","volume":"37","author":"Kaminski","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Athl Train"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199310073291504","article-title":"Benefits and disadvantages of joint hypermobility among musicians","volume":"329","author":"Larsson","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-008-0566-z","article-title":"Evaluation of knee proprioception and effects of proprioception exercise in patients with benign joint hypermobility syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Sahin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-007-0493-4","article-title":"Isokinetic evaluation of knee extensor\/flexor muscle strength in patients with hypermobility syndrome","volume":"28","author":"Sahin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib39","first-page":"12","article-title":"Muscle strength differences in healthy young adults with and without generalized joint hypermobility: a cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Jindal","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6042.106221","article-title":"Muscle activation patterns in patients with recurrent shoulder instability","volume":"6","author":"Jaggi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Shoulder Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200403000-00025","article-title":"Dynamic upper limb proprioception in multidirectional shoulder instability","volume":"420","author":"Barden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120968099","article-title":"Interrater and intrarater reliability of the Beighton score: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Bockhorn","year":"2021","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-1130(12)80150-5","article-title":"Clinical provocative tests used in evaluating wrist pain: a descriptive study","volume":"8","author":"LaStayo","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mporth.2017.05.009","article-title":"Clinical examination of the wrist","volume":"31","author":"Newton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-015-2153-6","article-title":"Update TFCC: histology and pathology, classification, examination and diagnostics","volume":"135","author":"Kirchberger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2020.03.018","article-title":"Alterations in forearm muscle activation patterns after scapholunate interosseous ligament injury: a dynamic electromyography study","volume":"34","author":"Eraktas \u0130","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0167.51.4.473","article-title":"How to estimate and interpret various effect sizes","volume":"51","author":"Vacha-Haase","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Counsel Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193415617756","article-title":"Midcarpal instability","volume":"41E","author":"Hargreaves","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.26603\/001c.68073","article-title":"Flexor-pronator mass training exercises selectively activate forearm musculature","volume":"18","author":"Fukunaga","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Sports Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib50","first-page":"558","article-title":"Intra-and intersession reliability of surface electromyography on muscles actuating the forearm during maximum voluntary contractions","volume":"32","author":"Gaudet","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.24.1219","article-title":"Concurrent validity by comparing EMG activity between manual muscle testing, handheld dynamometer, and stationary dynamometer in testing of maximal isometric quadriceps contraction","volume":"24","author":"Tae-Heon","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin-2013-0007","article-title":"A reliability of electromyographic normalization methods for the infraspinatus muscle in healthy subjects","volume":"36","author":"Ha","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hum Kinet"}],"container-title":["Journal of Hand Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113026000220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0894113026000220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T11:18:32Z","timestamp":1777288712000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0894113026000220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0894113026000220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Comparison of wrist flexor and extensor muscle recruitment between adults with and without chronic wrist hypermobility","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Hand Therapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jht.2026.02.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}