{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T07:27:43Z","timestamp":1775978863366,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jiac-j.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,21]],"date-time":"2013-11-21T17:11:27Z","timestamp":1385053887000},"page":"151-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The relationship between biofilm formations and capsule in Haemophilus influenzae"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Liang","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Kida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naruhiko","family":"Ishiwada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyofumi","family":"Ohkusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiharu","family":"Kaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiro","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiwao","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitsugu","family":"Furumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitoyo","family":"Ichinose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/9.1.1","article-title":"Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae: a review of clinical aspects, surface antigens, and the human immune response to infection","volume":"9","author":"Murphy","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-9-845","article-title":"Clonal spread of an invasive strain of Haemophilus influenzae type b among nursery contacts accompanied by a high carriage rate of non-disease-associated strains","volume":"49","author":"Saito","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5418","key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-2-7","article-title":"Biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: strain variability, outer membrane antigen expression and role of pili","volume":"2","author":"Murphy","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.287.13.1710","article-title":"Mucosal biofilm formation on middle-ear mucosa in the chinchilla model of otitis media","volume":"287","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3226","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.11.3226-3228.2001","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1,730 Haemophilus influenzae respiratory tract isolates in Spain in 1998\u20131999","volume":"45","author":"Marco","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-002-0209-3","article-title":"Current status of bacterial resistance in the otolaryngology field: results from the Second Nationwide Survey in Japan","volume":"9","author":"Suzuki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"50 Suppl.\u00a0S1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf810","article-title":"The PROTEKT surveillance study: antimicrobial susceptibility of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis from community-acquired respiratory tract infections","author":"Hoban","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2382","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.32.10.2382-2386.1994","article-title":"PCR for capsular typing of Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"32","author":"Falla","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01203.x","article-title":"Molecular characterisation of Haemophilus influenzae type a and untypeable strains isolated simultaneously from cerebrospinal fluid and blood: novel use of quantitative real-time PCR based on the cap copy number to determine virulence","volume":"11","author":"Ohkusu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1991.tb00802.x","article-title":"The Haemophilus influenzae capsulation gene cluster: a compound transposon","volume":"5","author":"Kroll","year":"1991","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.71.6.3639-3644.2003","article-title":"Complete sequence of the cap locus of Haemophilus influenzae serotype b and nonencapsulated b capsule-negative variants","volume":"71","author":"Satola","year":"2003","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib13","volume":"vol. 26","author":"CLSI","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1509-1514.2004","article-title":"Rapidly increasing prevalence of beta-lactamase-nonproducing, ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae type b in patients with meningitis","volume":"48","author":"Hasegawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.9.5354-5363.2000","article-title":"Neisseria gonorrhoeae elicits membrane ruffling and cytoskeletal rearrangements upon infection of primary human endocervical and ectocervical cells","volume":"68","author":"Edwards","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5361.295","article-title":"The involvement of cell-to-cell signals in the development of a bacterial biofilm","volume":"280","author":"Davies","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4249","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.4249-4260.2004","article-title":"Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae strain 2019 produces a biofilm containing N-acetylneuraminic acid that may mimic sialylated O-linked glycans","volume":"72","author":"Greiner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2004.03.012","article-title":"Comparison of antibiotic susceptibility and\u00a0plasmid content, between biofilm producing and non-producing clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"24","author":"Delissalde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02122","article-title":"A\u00a0genetic basis for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm antibiotic resistance","volume":"426","author":"Mah","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0495-3","article-title":"Impaired capsular polysaccharide is relevant to enhanced biofilm formation and lower virulence in Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"19","author":"Qin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7785","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00673-06","article-title":"Biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae: role of choline, extracellular DNA, and capsular polysaccharide in microbial accretion","volume":"188","author":"Moscoso","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.49.2.389-395.1985","article-title":"Genetics of spontaneous, high-frequency loss of b capsule expression in Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"49","author":"Hoiseth","year":"1985","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.4.1325-1333.1991","article-title":"Loss of capsule expression by Haemophilus influenzae type b results in enhanced adherence to and invasion of human cells","volume":"59","author":"St Geme","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.2.337","article-title":"Evidence for capsule gene sequences among pharyngeal isolates of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae","volume":"169","author":"St Geme","year":"1994","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.186.3.889-893.2004","article-title":"Expression of Vibrio vulnificus capsular polysaccharide inhibits biofilm formation","volume":"186","author":"Joseph","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2007.05864.x","article-title":"The PilA protein of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae plays a role in biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells and colonization of the mammalian upper respiratory tract","volume":"65","author":"Jurcisek","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.01596-08","article-title":"Nanoscale structural and mechanical properties of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae biofilms","volume":"191","author":"Arce","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.4.1106","article-title":"Genes involved in Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule expression are part of an 18-kilobase tandem duplication","volume":"83","author":"Hoiseth","year":"1986","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X13000020?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X13000020?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T18:50:57Z","timestamp":1761159057000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1341321X13000020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S1341321X13000020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-321X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-321X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The relationship between biofilm formations and capsule in Haemophilus influenzae","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.06.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}