{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:31:08Z","timestamp":1790742668344,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd."},{"name":"Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd."},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004324","name":"Astellas Pharma Inc.","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["H22-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H22-013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jiac-j.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,7]],"date-time":"2020-12-07T19:11:24Z","timestamp":1607368284000},"page":"604-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Drastic reduction in pneumococcal meningitis in children owing to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Longitudinal analysis from 2002 to 2016 in Japan"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misako","family":"Takata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Morozumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Miyairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Ubukata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61204-6","article-title":"Burden of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in children younger than 5 years: global estimates","volume":"374","author":"O'Brien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e744","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30247-X","article-title":"Burden of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children in the era of conjugate vaccines: global, regional, and national estimates for 2000-15","volume":"6","author":"Wahl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis971","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease among high-risk adults since the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children","volume":"56","author":"Muhammad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022823","article-title":"Decline in invasive pneumococcal disease after the introduction of protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine","volume":"348","author":"Whitney","year":"2003","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1086\/648593","article-title":"Sustained reductions in invasive pneumococcal disease in the era of conjugate vaccine","volume":"201","author":"Pilishvili","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318275614b","article-title":"Early trends for invasive pneumococcal infections in children after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"32","author":"Kaplan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)71081-3","article-title":"Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance","volume":"15","author":"Moore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1086\/587897","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of pneumococcal meningitis after the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the United States","volume":"46","author":"Tsai","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0800836","article-title":"Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"360","author":"Hsu","year":"2009","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ368","article-title":"Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in US children","volume":"61","author":"Olarte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.07.069","article-title":"Nationwide population-based surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Japanese children: effect of the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"33","author":"Suga","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2007.131485","article-title":"Changes in capsule and drug resistance of pneumococci after introduction of PCV7, Japan, 2010-2013","volume":"20","author":"Chiba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000001956","article-title":"Etiology of acute otitis media and characterization of pneumococcal isolates after introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Japanese children","volume":"37","author":"Ubukata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268815001272","article-title":"The impact of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of childhood community-acquired pneumonia and bacteriologically confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia in Japan","volume":"144","author":"Naito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820000813","article-title":"Epidemiology of hospitalised paediatric community-acquired pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia following the introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in the national immunisation programme in Japan","volume":"148","author":"Takeuchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.75.931","article-title":"The trend of childhood bacterial meningitis in Japan (1997.7-2000.6)","volume":"75","author":"Sunakawa","year":"2001","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi, J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi.84.33","article-title":"Childhood bacterial meningitis trends in Japan from 2007 to 2008","volume":"84","author":"Sunakawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi, J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi.86.582","article-title":"Childhood bacterial meningitis trends in Japan from 2009 to 2010","volume":"86","author":"Shinjoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi, J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.04.007","article-title":"Recent trends in pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan: a country where Haemophilus influenzae type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae conjugated vaccines have just been introduced","volume":"20","author":"Shinjoh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-012-0448-x","article-title":"Working group of nationwide surveillance for bacterial meningitis. Longitudinal surveillance of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from pediatric patients with meningitis throughout Japan, 2000-2011","volume":"19","author":"Ubukata","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.08.029","article-title":"A\u00a0nationwide population-based surveillance of invasive Haemophilus influenzae diseases in children after the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine in Japan","volume":"36","author":"Suga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2017.02.014","article-title":"Pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan, 2013-2015-3-5 years after the wide use of Haemophilus influenza type b and Streptococcus pneumoniae conjugated vaccines","volume":"23","author":"Shinjoh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0020031","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the capsular biosynthetic locus from all 90 pneumococcal serotypes","volume":"2","author":"Bentley","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00024-15","article-title":"Pneumococcal capsules and their types: past, present, and future","volume":"28","author":"Geno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177113","article-title":"Serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in children in the post-PCV era: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Balsells","year":"2017","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa043","article-title":"Characteristics of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) caused by emerging serotypes after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in England; prospective observational cohort study","author":"Amin-Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228612","article-title":"Serotype and clonal distribution dynamics of invasive pneumococcal strains after PCV13 introduction (2011-2016): surveillance data from 23 sites in Catalonia, Spain","volume":"15","author":"Ludwig","year":"2020","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s10156-009-0670-3","article-title":"Rapid detection of eight causative pathogens for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by real-time PCR","volume":"15","author":"Chiba","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2011.0102","article-title":"Application of the real-time PCR method for genotypic identification of \u03b2-Lactam resistance in isolates from invasive pneumococcal diseases","volume":"18","author":"Chiba","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0941-9","article-title":"Increase of serotypes 15A and 23B in IPD in Germany in the PCV13 vaccination era","volume":"15","author":"van der Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-016-0755-7","article-title":"Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis cases in France between 2001 and 2014: a time series analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alari","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/S095026881500179X","article-title":"Impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the incidence of pneumococcal meningitis in children","volume":"144","author":"Chapoutot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.06.070","article-title":"Impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal meningitis in children","volume":"35","author":"Ruiz-Contreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.05.059","article-title":"Comparative incidence dynamics and serotypes of meningitis, bacteremic pneumonia and other-IPD in young children in the PCV era: insights from Israeli surveillance studies","volume":"36","author":"Ben-Shimol","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2509.180747","article-title":"Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on pneumococcal meningitis, England and Wales","volume":"25","author":"Oligbu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198772","article-title":"Global etiology of bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Oordt-Speets","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01917-12","article-title":"Changes in molecular epidemiology of Streptococcus pneumoniae causing meningitis following introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination in England and Wales","volume":"51","author":"Pichon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1488-1494.2004","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility in relation to penicillin-binding protein genes and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains responsible for meningitis in Japan, 1999 to 2002","volume":"48","author":"Ubukata","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2411.180326","article-title":"Effects of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on genotypic penicillin resistance and serotype changes, Japan,","volume":"24","author":"Ubukata","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciu348","article-title":"Risk of pneumococcal disease in children with chronic medical conditions in the era of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"59","author":"Pelton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib41","first-page":"114","article-title":"The risk of sequelae due to pneumococcal meningitis in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"61","author":"Jit","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.05.018","article-title":"Recent trends in pediatric bacterial meningitis in Japan, 2016-2018 - S.\u00a0agalactiae has been the most common pathogen","volume":"26","author":"Shinjoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi.85.150","article-title":"Pediatric bacterial meningitis prognosis and antibiotic treatment","volume":"85","author":"Sakata","year":"2011","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi, J Jpn Assoc Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12035","article-title":"Pneumococcal pneumolysin and H(2)O(2) mediate brain cell apoptosis during meningitis","volume":"109","author":"Braun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X20304268?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X20304268?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T19:02:24Z","timestamp":1761159744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1341321X20304268"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S1341321X20304268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-321X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-321X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Drastic reduction in pneumococcal meningitis in children owing to the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: Longitudinal analysis from 2002 to 2016 in Japan","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2020.11.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}