{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T23:59:06Z","timestamp":1788307146471,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,1]],"date-time":"2021-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","jiac-j.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,22]],"date-time":"2021-02-22T20:13:14Z","timestamp":1614024794000},"page":"882-889","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine\/chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Jogender","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siddharth","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jitendra","family":"Meena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arushi","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00480","article-title":"Treatment options for COVID-19: a review","volume":"7","author":"Ali","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa237","article-title":"In\u00a0vitro antiviral activity and projection of optimized dosing design of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)","volume":"71","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2020.106028","article-title":"A\u00a0review on possible modes of action of chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine: repurposing against SAR-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"56","author":"Tripathy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104904","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.104904","article-title":"The possible mechanisms of action of 4-aminoquinolines (chloroquine\/hydroxychloroquine) against Sars-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19): a role for iron homeostasis?","volume":"158","author":"Quiros Roldan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_2234_20","article-title":"Healthcare workers & SARS-CoV-2 infection in India: a case-control investigation in the time of COVID-19","volume":"151","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857","article-title":"Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"3","author":"Borba","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2016638","article-title":"A\u00a0randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as postexposure prophylaxis for covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Boulware","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2019014","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin in mild-to-moderate covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Cavalcanti","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"m1849","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1849","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0873","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: a multicenter randomized controlled study","volume":"103","author":"Abd-Elsalam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022926","article-title":"Effect of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with covid-19","volume":"383","author":"Horby","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1834","article-title":"Risk of QT interval prolongation associated with use of hydroxychloroquine with or without concomitant azithromycin among hospitalized patients testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","volume":"5","author":"Mercuro","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2020.1787","article-title":"Assessment of QT intervals in a case series of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection treated with hydroxychloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin in an intensive care unit","volume":"5","author":"Bessi\u00e8re","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.51.12.1318","article-title":"Continuation of long term treatment with hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"51","author":"Morand","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00482","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-malarial drugs (chloroquine and hydroxy-chloroquine) in treatment of COVID-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2020.05.017","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Singh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkaa403","article-title":"Efficacy of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Kashour","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement","volume":"4","author":"Moher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d5928","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5928","article-title":"The Cochrane Collaboration\u2019s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"343","author":"Higgins","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib21","series-title":"The newcastle\u2013ottawa scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of non-randomized studies in meta-analysis","author":"Wells","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib22","article-title":"Repurposed antiviral drugs for covid-19 - interim WHO solidarity trial results","author":"Pan","year":"2020","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib23","first-page":"215","article-title":"A\u00a0pilot study of hydroxychloroquine in treatment of patients with moderate COVID-19","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Zhejiang Univ Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib24","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine versus lopinavir\/ritonavir in severe COVID-19 patients\u00a0: results from a real-life patient cohort","author":"Karolyi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-4207","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine in nonhospitalized adults with early COVID-19\u00a0: a randomized trial","volume":"173","author":"Skipper","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-020-00751-y","article-title":"Characteristics and outcomes of acute respiratory distress syndrome related to COVID-19 in Belgian and French intensive care units according to antiviral strategies: the COVADIS multicentre observational study","volume":"10","author":"Grimaldi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa113","article-title":"Preliminary evidence from a multicenter prospective observational study of the safety and efficacy of chloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"National Science Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib28","article-title":"Efficacy of hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19: results of a randomized clinical trial","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"medrxiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib29","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine vs placebo for pre-exposure SARS-CoV-2 prophylaxis Among health care workers: a randomized clinical trial","author":"Abella","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib30","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis for COVID-19 in healthcare workers: a randomized trial","author":"Rajasingham","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofaa500","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofaa500","article-title":"Safety of hydroxychloroquine among outpatient clinical trial participants for COVID-19","volume":"7","author":"Lofgren","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib32","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine for early treatment of adults with mild covid-19: a randomized-controlled trial","author":"Mitj\u00e0","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2020-001362","article-title":"Hydroxychloroquine use in COVID-19: is the risk of cardiovascular toxicity justified?","volume":"7","author":"Stevenson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Open Heart"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X21000611?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1341321X21000611?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T19:01:16Z","timestamp":1761159676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1341321X21000611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S1341321X21000611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021","relation":{},"ISSN":["1341-321X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1341-321X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine\/chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiac.2021.02.021","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Japanese Society of Chemotherapy and The Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}