{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:01:52Z","timestamp":1773702112929,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,1]],"date-time":"2021-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012211","name":"Chinese Diabetes Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012211","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Sa1960\/5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Sa1960\/5-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T02:40:03Z","timestamp":1613616003000},"page":"1646-1655.e3","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inhibition of Glucose Metabolism Abrogates the Effector Phase of Bullous Pemphigoid-Like Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3015-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Schilf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3999-5020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2517-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Derenda-Hell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1225-9373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Thieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-2783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabea","family":"Bremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8974-7052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Vaeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5668-307X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Detlef","family":"Zillikens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6701-048X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian D.","family":"Sadik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01973","article-title":"Inhibition of glycolysis reduces disease severity in an autoimmune model of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"9","author":"Abboud","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-3002-2-12","article-title":"Metformin directly acts on mitochondria to alter cellular bioenergetics","volume":"2","author":"Andrzejewski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI83005","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of immune responses: therapeutic opportunities","volume":"126","author":"Assmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26794","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.572495","article-title":"Mitochondria regulate neutrophil activation by generating ATP for autocrine purinergic signaling","volume":"289","author":"Bao","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1628","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01628","article-title":"Regulatory T cells suppress inflammation and blistering in pemphigoid diseases","volume":"8","author":"Bieber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38357","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38357","article-title":"T\u00a0cells mediate autoantibody-induced cutaneous inflammation and blistering in epidermolysis bullosa acquisita","volume":"6","author":"Bieber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.04.004","article-title":"Metabolic instruction of immunity","volume":"169","author":"Buck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2157","article-title":"NADPH oxidase is required for neutrophil-dependent autoantibody-induced tissue damage","volume":"212","author":"Chiriac","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.07.018","article-title":"Lipid-cytokine-chemokine cascade drives neutrophil recruitment in a murine model of inflammatory arthritis","volume":"33","author":"Chou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3793","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1701803","article-title":"Myeloid-specific deletion of Mcl-1 yields severely neutropenic mice that survive and breed in homozygous form","volume":"201","author":"Csepregi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.013","article-title":"Autoimmune bullous skin diseases, pemphigus and pemphigoid","volume":"145","author":"Egami","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.1.223","article-title":"Dimethylbiguanide inhibits cell respiration via an indirect effect targeted on the respiratory chain complex I","volume":"275","author":"El-Mir","year":"2000","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1409796","article-title":"The target of metformin in type 2 diabetes","volume":"371","author":"Ferrannini","year":"2014","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1964","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.4.1964","article-title":"The mitochondrial network of human neutrophils: role in chemotaxis, phagocytosis, respiratory burst activation, and commitment to apoptosis","volume":"170","author":"Fossati","year":"2003","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/icb.2016.77","article-title":"Immunometabolism and autoimmunity","volume":"94","author":"Freitag","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(79)55060-5","article-title":"Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation","volume":"55","author":"Heytler","year":"1979","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.08.009","article-title":"Foundations of Immunometabolism and implications for metabolic health and disease","volume":"47","author":"Hotamisligil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.006","article-title":"Metabolism as a target for modulation in autoimmune diseases","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011592","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of oral and topical corticosteroids in patients with bullous pemphigoid","volume":"346","author":"Joly","year":"2002","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib20","first-page":"156","article-title":"The metabolism of leukocytes","volume":"5","author":"Karnovsky","year":"1968","journal-title":"Semin Hematol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4023","article-title":"Genetic identification and functional validation of Fc\u03b3RIV as key molecule in autoantibody-induced tissue injury","volume":"228","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.356","article-title":"Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita: from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic options","volume":"136","author":"Kasperkiewicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.15405","article-title":"Increased frequency of multiple sclerosis among patients with bullous pemphigoid: a population-based cohort study on comorbidities anchored around the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid","volume":"176","author":"Kibsgaard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan4665","article-title":"Dimethyl fumarate targets GAPDH and aerobic glycolysis to modulate immunity","volume":"360","author":"Kornberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.10.018","article-title":"IL-10 mediates plasmacytosis-associated immunodeficiency by inhibiting complement-mediated neutrophil migration","volume":"137","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(80)90044-3","article-title":"Antibiotic inhibitors of mitochondrial energy transfer","volume":"11","author":"Lardy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2015.09.036","article-title":"Preventing allograft rejection by targeting immune metabolism","volume":"13","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2661","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403088","article-title":"Metformin suppresses systemic autoimmunity in Roquinsan\/san mice through inhibiting B cell differentiation into plasma cells via regulation of AMPK\/mTOR\/STAT3","volume":"198","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2017.04.078","article-title":"Transporters involved in metformin pharmacokinetics and treatment response","volume":"106","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharm Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.08.017","article-title":"A\u00a0predictive model for selective targeting of the Warburg effect through GAPDH inhibition with a natural product","volume":"26","author":"Liberti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-018-1095-7","article-title":"Enhanced glycolysis contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune neuritis","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2020.1776896","article-title":"Metformin alleviates experimental colitis in mice by up-regulating TGF-\u03b2 signaling","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotech Histochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R115.693903","article-title":"Immunometabolism: cellular metabolism turns immune regulator","volume":"291","author":"Loftus","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.66","article-title":"Mitochondrial control of immunity: beyond ATP","volume":"17","author":"Mehta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.361","article-title":"Dimethylfumarate impairs neutrophil functions","volume":"136","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8005","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803563","article-title":"Metformin attenuated the autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in animal models of multiple sclerosis [published correction appears in J Immunol 2009;183:3551","volume":"182","author":"Nath","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11862","article-title":"Metabolism of inflammation limited by AMPK and pseudo-starvation","volume":"493","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3480607","article-title":"Evidence that metformin exerts its anti-diabetic effects through inhibition of complex 1 of the mitochondrial respiratory chain","volume":"348","author":"Owen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1038\/s41573-019-0032-5","article-title":"Targeting metabolism to regulate immune responses in autoimmunity and cancer","volume":"18","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.139","article-title":"Immunometabolism in 2017: driving immunity: all roads lead to metabolism","volume":"18","author":"Pearce","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.005","article-title":"Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence","volume":"38","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4633","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1209597","article-title":"Glycolysis inhibition for anticancer treatment","volume":"25","author":"Pelicano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-012-2045-1","article-title":"A\u00a0phase I dose-escalation trial of 2-deoxy-D-glucose alone or combined with docetaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors","volume":"71","author":"Raez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Chemother Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17807","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803090105","article-title":"A\u00a0catabolic block does not sufficiently explain how 2-deoxy-D-glucose inhibits cell growth","volume":"105","author":"Ralser","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.03.002","article-title":"The critical role of C5a as an initiator of neutrophil-mediated autoimmune inflammation of the joint and skin","volume":"37","author":"Sadik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.02.020","article-title":"Recent progresses and perspectives in autoimmune bullous diseases","volume":"145","author":"Sadik","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0653","article-title":"Metformin prevents metabolic side effects during systemic glucocorticoid treatment","volume":"176","author":"Seelig","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.12.021","article-title":"The leukotriene B4 and its receptor BLT1 act as critical drivers of neutrophil recruitment in murine bullous pemphigoid-like epidermolysis bullosa acquisita","volume":"137","author":"Sezin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e128239","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.128239","article-title":"Dual inhibition of complement factor 5 and leukotriene B4 synergistically suppresses murine pemphigoid disease","volume":"4","author":"Sezin","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973986","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/973986","article-title":"Metformin attenuates experimental autoimmune arthritis through reciprocal regulation of Th17\/Treg balance and osteoclastogenesis","volume":"2014","author":"Son","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2017.06.001","article-title":"Specific and complex reprogramming of cellular metabolism in myeloid cells during innate immune responses","volume":"26","author":"Stienstra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2016.01.014","article-title":"Metformin ameliorates the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by regulating T helper 17 and regulatory T cells in mice","volume":"292","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J\u00a0Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.03.1159","article-title":"The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator fingolimod aggravates murine epidermolysis bullosa acquisita","volume":"139","author":"Thieme","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13174","article-title":"Sphingosine-1-phosphate modulators in inflammatory skin diseases - lining up for clinical translation","volume":"26","author":"Thieme","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01236","article-title":"Metformin and autoimmunity: A \"New Deal\" of an old drug","volume":"9","author":"Ursini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462","article-title":"The metabolic signature of macrophage responses","volume":"10","author":"Viola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.034140","article-title":"Involvement of organic cation transporter 1 in hepatic and intestinal distribution of metformin","volume":"302","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J\u00a0Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.012","article-title":"Glycolytic stimulation is not a requirement for M2 macrophage differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01890","article-title":"The Immunometabolomic interface receptor hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 mediates the therapeutic effects of dimethyl fumarate in autoantibody-induced skin inflammation","volume":"9","author":"Wannick","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274ra18","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaa0835","article-title":"Normalization of CD4+ T cell metabolism reverses lupus","volume":"7","author":"Yin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014_bib61","article-title":"Neutrophil-specific knockout demonstrates a role for mitochondria in regulating neutrophil motility in zebrafish","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Dis Model Mech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X21001184?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X21001184?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T17:22:36Z","timestamp":1758302556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X21001184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022202X21001184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inhibition of Glucose Metabolism Abrogates the Effector Phase of Bullous Pemphigoid-Like Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2021.01.014","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}