{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:01:20Z","timestamp":1790622080320,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP 19K08755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP 19K08755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24390276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24390276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ippan-081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ippan-081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T21:18:12Z","timestamp":1637356692000},"page":"960-968.e9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Risk of Progression to Autoimmune Disease in Severe Drug Eruption: Risk Factors and the Factor-Guided Stratification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"142","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9035-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Mizukawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6768-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hayato","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5360-4313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryo","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1637-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Shiohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.12958","article-title":"Infectious exposure, antibiotic use, and multiple sclerosis: a population-based incident case-control study","volume":"138","author":"Abdollahpour","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.02.029","article-title":"Viral connection between drug rashes and autoimmune diseases: how autoimmune responses are generated after resolution of drug rashes","volume":"8","author":"Aota","year":"2009","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867389","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/867389","article-title":"Possible role of human herpesvirus 6 as a trigger of autoimmune disease","volume":"2013","author":"Broccolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2008.521","article-title":"Minocycline-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome followed by multiple autoimmune sequelae","volume":"145","author":"Brown","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.08.009","article-title":"Long-term sequelae of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: a retrospective cohort study from Taiwan","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3540","article-title":"An essential role for IL-2 receptor in Treg cell function","volume":"17","author":"Chinen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3722-z","article-title":"Cold type autoimmune hemolytic anemia-a rare manifestation of infectious mononucleosis; serum ferritin as an important biomarker","volume":"19","author":"Dematapitiya","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000289","article-title":"How compelling are the data for Epstein-Barr virus being a trigger for systemic lupus and other autoimmune diseases?","volume":"28","author":"Draborg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-9-16","article-title":"Minocycline modulates antigen-specific CTL activity through inactivation of mononuclear phagocytes in patients with HTLV-I associated neurologic disease","volume":"9","author":"Enose-Akahata","year":"2012","journal-title":"Retrovirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00161-8","article-title":"Viral infections: their elusive role in regulating susceptibility to autoimmune disease","volume":"5","author":"Flodstr\u00f6m-Tullberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Microbes Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2006.12.004","article-title":"Gender as risk factor for autoimmune diseases","volume":"28","author":"Gleicher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Autoimmun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.172","article-title":"Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome: a century of progress","volume":"12","author":"Goodfellow","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2004-07-2752","article-title":"EBV latent membrane protein-1 protects B cells from apoptosis by inhibition of BAX","volume":"105","author":"Grimm","year":"2005","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6599","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6599","article-title":"EBV and systemic lupus erythematosus: a new perspective","volume":"174","author":"Gross","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib15","first-page":"45","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus infection induces lupus autoimmunity","volume":"64","author":"Harley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bull NYU Hosp Jt Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12410","article-title":"The dynamics of herpesvirus reactivations during and after severe drug eruptions: their relation to the clinical phenotype and therapeutic outcome","volume":"69","author":"Ishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.2.1287","article-title":"Defective control of latent Epstein-Barr virus infection in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"172","author":"Kang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07784.x","article-title":"Sclerodermoid graft-versus-host disease-like lesions occurring after drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"156","author":"Kano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.050","article-title":"Hypogammaglobulinemia as an early sign of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome","volume":"55","author":"Kano","year":"2006","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2006.07704.x","article-title":"Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?","volume":"156","author":"Kardaun","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(00)00018-7","article-title":"The effects of allopurinol on immune function in normal BALB\/c and SCID mice","volume":"22","author":"Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21682","article-title":"An altered immune response to Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"54","author":"McClain","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.052","article-title":"Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome\/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms severity score: a useful tool for assessing disease severity and predicting fatal cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"80","author":"Mizukawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2017.10.008","article-title":"Zika virus and autoimmunity. One-step forward","volume":"16","author":"Monsalve","year":"2017","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2018-225528","article-title":"Aggressive treatment in paediatric or young patients with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DiHS)\/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is associated with future development of type III polyglandular autoimmune syndrome","volume":"2018","author":"Morita","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612197","article-title":"Interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 blockade in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1","volume":"376","author":"Moutsopoulos","year":"2017","journal-title":"N\u00a0Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.1.72","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis after infectious mononucleosis","volume":"64","author":"Nielsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4458","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-165506","article-title":"Host natural killer T cells induce an interleukin-4-dependent expansion of donor CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T regulatory cells that protects against graft-versus-host disease","volume":"113","author":"Pillai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930500484849","article-title":"Epstein-Barr virus and molecular mimicry in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"39","author":"Poole","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.04.003","article-title":"Divergent roles of antiself antibodies during infection","volume":"39","author":"Rivera-Correa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.10.001","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies, antiphospholipid syndrome and infections","volume":"7","author":"S\u00e9ne","year":"2008","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07807.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of a DRESS syndrome has been sufficiently established on the basis of typical clinical features and viral reactivations","volume":"156","author":"Shiohara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.2332\/allergolint.10-RAI-0260","article-title":"Recognition of immune reconstitution syndrome necessary for better management of patients with severe drug eruptions and those under immunosuppressive therapy","volume":"59","author":"Shiohara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alit.2019.03.006","article-title":"Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome(DiHS)\/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an update in 2019","volume":"68","author":"Shiohara","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-014-8421-3","article-title":"Crucial role of viral reactivation in the development of severe drug eruptions: a comprehensive review","volume":"49","author":"Shiohara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir276","article-title":"Opportunistic infection-associated immune reconstitution syndrome in transplant recipients","volume":"53","author":"Sun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8071","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804002","article-title":"Defective regulatory T cells in patients with severe drug eruptions: timing of the dysfunction is associated with the pathological phenotype and outcome","volume":"182","author":"Takahashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14677","article-title":"Longitudinal analysis of antibody profiles against plakins in severe drug eruptions: emphasis on correlation with tissue damage in drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms","volume":"175","author":"Takehara","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000396","article-title":"Chikungunya virus and autoimmunity","volume":"29","author":"Tanay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.017","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of 34 patients with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome in a single institution","volume":"68","author":"Ushigome","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.13252","article-title":"Monocytes are involved in the balance between regulatory T cells and Th17 cells in severe drug eruptions","volume":"48","author":"Ushigome","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-156612","article-title":"CD4+CD25+ T cells alloactivated ex\u00a0vivo by IL-2 or IL-4 become potent alloantigen-specific inhibitors of rejection with different phenotypes, suggesting separate pathways of activation by Th1 and Th2 responses","volume":"113","author":"Verma","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00474","article-title":"Fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus caused by drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): a case report and review of the literature","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12410","article-title":"The dynamics of herpesvirus reactivations during and after severe drug eruptions: their relation to the clinical phenotype and therapeutic outcome","volume":"69","author":"Ishida","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.052","article-title":"Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome\/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms severity score: a useful tool for assessing disease severity and predicting fatal cytomegalovirus disease","volume":"80","author":"Mizukawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2007.07807.x","article-title":"The diagnosis of a DRESS syndrome has been sufficiently established on the basis of typical clinical features and viral reactivations","volume":"156","author":"Shiohara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2012.10.017","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of 34 patients with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome in a single institution","volume":"68","author":"Ushigome","year":"2013","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Acad Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X21024994?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X21024994?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T21:48:13Z","timestamp":1762206493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X21024994"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022202X21024994"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Risk of Progression to Autoimmune Disease in Severe Drug Eruption: Risk Factors and the Factor-Guided Stratification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2021.11.008","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}