{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:47:12Z","timestamp":1791895632457,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"NIAMS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T19:30:54Z","timestamp":1746473454000},"page":"3126-3137.e8","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Immune Activation and Glycolytic Responses to Cutibacterium acnes Cell Wall Polysaccharides"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"145","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6518-0467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9675-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evyatar","family":"Evron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7417-085X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick Thanh","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0338-8253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Min","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6375-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1034-8131","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenny","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3356-9864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George W.","family":"Agak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.842","article-title":"Phenotype and antimicrobial activity of Th17 cells induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains associated with healthy and acne skin","volume":"138","author":"Agak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI141594","article-title":"Extracellular traps released by antimicrobial TH17 cells contribute to host defense","volume":"131","author":"Agak","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.334","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes induces an IL-17 response in acne vulgaris that is regulated by vitamin A and vitamin D","volume":"134","author":"Agak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep39491","article-title":"The balance of metagenomic elements shapes the skin microbiome in acne and health","volume":"6","author":"Barnard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12149","article-title":"Epidemiology of acne vulgaris","volume":"168","author":"Bhate","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.013","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm development as a multicellular adaptation: antibiotic resistance and new therapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"de la Fuente-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2007.06274.x","article-title":"Pathophysiology of acne","volume":"5","author":"Degitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-024-01725-4","article-title":"Analysis of intracellular communication reveals consistent gene changes associated with early-stage acne skin","volume":"22","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Commun Signal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abo2787","article-title":"TREM2 macrophages induced by human lipids drive inflammation in acne lesions","volume":"7","author":"Do","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.14446","article-title":"Metabolic reprogramming of host cells upon bacterial infection: why shift to a Warburg-like metabolism?","volume":"285","author":"Escoll","year":"2018","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.05.079","article-title":"Structure-function relationships of immunostimulatory polysaccharides: a review","volume":"132","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/603046","article-title":"Deciphering the intracellular fate of Propionibacterium acnes in macrophages","volume":"2013","author":"Fischer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne","volume":"133","author":"Fitz-Gibbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2415","article-title":"The biofilm matrix","volume":"8","author":"Flemming","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.01284","article-title":"Composition of the biofilm matrix of Cutibacterium acnes acneic strain RT5","volume":"10","author":"Gannesen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202405297","article-title":"Acceptor-reactivity-controlled stereoconvergent synthesis and immunological activity of a unique pentasaccharide from the cell wall polysaccharide of Cutibacterium acnes C7","volume":"63","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(89)79115-1","article-title":"Monosaccharide analysis of glycoconjugates by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection","volume":"179","author":"Hardy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90089-9","article-title":"Monosaccharide analysis of glycoconjugates by anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection","volume":"170","author":"Hardy","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5754","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-62715-3","article-title":"Systematic review of the epidemiology of acne vulgaris","volume":"10","author":"Heng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1993.tb00193.x","article-title":"Detection of propionibacterium acnes polypeptides which have stimulated an immune response in acne patients but not in normal individuals","volume":"2","author":"Holland","year":"1993","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.109.3.1047-1066.1972","article-title":"Cell wall composition and deoxyribonucleic acid similarities among the anaerobic coryneforms, classical propionibacteria, and strains of Arachnia propionica","volume":"109","author":"Johnson","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a133918","article-title":"Structures and biological activities of peptidoglycans of Listeria monocytogenes and Propionibacterium acnes","volume":"92","author":"Kamisango","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105238","article-title":"IL-17\/Th17 pathway is activated in acne lesions","volume":"9","author":"Kelh\u00e4l\u00e4","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.3.1535","article-title":"Activation of toll-like receptor 2 in acne triggers inflammatory cytokine responses","volume":"169","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2014.290","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes promotes Th17 and Th17\/Th1 responses in acne patients","volume":"135","author":"Kistowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.124687","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes-induced immunopathology correlates with health and disease association","volume":"4","author":"Kolar","year":"2019","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.120533","article-title":"Innate immune receptors co-recognition of polysaccharides initiates multi-pathway synergistic immune response","volume":"305","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012277","article-title":"Population genetic analysis of Propionibacterium acnes identifies a subpopulation and epidemic clones associated with acne","volume":"5","author":"Lomholt","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2012.01833.x","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes host cell tropism contributes to vimentin-mediated invasion and induction of inflammation","volume":"14","author":"Mak","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.049676-0","article-title":"A novel multilocus sequence typing scheme for the opportunistic pathogen Propionibacterium acnes and characterization of type I cell surface-associated antigens","volume":"157","author":"McDowell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-021-02052-2","article-title":"Polysaccharides; classification, chemical properties, and future perspective applications in fields of pharmacology and biological medicine (A review of current applications and upcoming potentialities)","volume":"29","author":"Mohammed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Polym Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1093\/glycob\/10.4.339","article-title":"The influence of glucan polymer structure and solution conformation on binding to (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan receptors in a human monocyte-like cell line","volume":"10","author":"Mueller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Glycobiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21325","article-title":"The Warburg effect revisited--lesson from the Sertoli cell","volume":"35","author":"Oliveira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Res Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.309","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes Induces IL-1\u03b2 secretion via the NLRP3 inflammasome in human monocytes [published correction appears in J Invest Dermatol 2014;134:1779]","volume":"134","author":"Qin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00043-11","article-title":"Screening of Escherichia coli species biodiversity reveals new biofilm-associated antiadhesion polysaccharides","volume":"2","author":"Rendueles","year":"2011","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1955","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq257","article-title":"Penetration of antibiotics through Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms","volume":"65","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.575164","article-title":"Cutibacterium acnes phylotype I and II strains interact differently with human skin cells","volume":"10","author":"Spittaels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2008.10.005","article-title":"Modulation of the type I hypersensitivity late phase reaction to OVA by propionibacterium acnes-soluble polysaccharide","volume":"121","author":"Squaiella","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/132083","article-title":"Modulation of Th1\/Th2 immune responses by killed Propionibacterium acnes and its soluble polysaccharide fraction in a type I hypersensitivity murine model: induction of different activation status of antigen-presenting cells","volume":"2015","author":"Squaiella-Baptist\u00e3o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13634","article-title":"What's new in the physiopathology of acne?","volume":"172","author":"Suh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(88)90044-9","article-title":"High-performance anion-exchange chromatography of oligosaccharides using pellicular resins and pulsed amperometric detection","volume":"174","author":"Townsend","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3158","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.8.3158-3165.1995","article-title":"Induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a soluble factor of Propionibacterium acnes: implications for chronic inflammatory acne","volume":"63","author":"Vowels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1223-1228.1995","article-title":"In vitro modulation of keratinocyte-derived interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived IL-1 beta release in response to cutaneous commensal microorganisms","volume":"63","author":"Walters","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1126\/science.123.3191.309","article-title":"On the origin of cancer cells","volume":"123","author":"Warburg","year":"1956","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12273462","article-title":"Antibody titers to Propionibacterium acnes cell wall carbohydrate in nodulocystic acne patients","volume":"84","author":"Webster","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-018-0256-5","article-title":"Antigens reversibly conjugated to a polymeric glyco-adjuvant induce protective humoral and cellular immunity","volume":"18","author":"Wilson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.06.615","article-title":"Different Propionibacterium acnes phylotypes induce distinct immune responses and express Unique surface and secreted proteomes","volume":"136","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2017.07.842","article-title":"Phenotype and antimicrobial activity of Th17 cells induced by Propionibacterium acnes Strains associated with healthy and acne skin","volume":"138","author":"Agak","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2013.06.013","article-title":"Bacterial biofilm development as a multicellular adaptation: antibiotic resistance and new therapeutic strategies","volume":"16","author":"de la Fuente-N\u00fa\u00f1ez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X25004579?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X25004579?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T04:22:57Z","timestamp":1778473377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X25004579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022202X25004579"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immune Activation and Glycolytic Responses to Cutibacterium acnes Cell Wall Polysaccharides","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2025.03.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}