{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T08:54:52Z","timestamp":1781859292992,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001168","name":"Cancer Council Queensland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP2026791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP2026791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001168","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["552429"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["552429"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1073898"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1073898"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:02:35Z","timestamp":1761696155000},"page":"1312-1319.e4","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Tanning and Sunburn as Skin Cancer Risk Factors"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9323-7657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marloes","family":"Helder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1462-4968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirmala","family":"Pandeya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9668-6275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Ingold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8610-3283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathias","family":"Seviiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4483-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2563-9559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Whiteman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4303-8821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew H.","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1.2.1","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.27","article-title":"Searching Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM): a knowledgebase of human genes and genetic phenotypes","volume":"58","author":"Amberger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12399","article-title":"Phototype reproducibility and relation to objectively measured skin sensitivity is best when burn and tan reactivity to sun are answered separately","volume":"34","author":"Bieliauskiene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294183","article-title":"Sample size requirements for estimating Pearson, Kendall and spearman correlations","volume":"65","author":"Bonett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3406","article-title":"An atlas of genetic correlations across human diseases and traits","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211","article-title":"LD Score regression distinguishes confounding from polygenicity in genome-wide association studies","volume":"47","author":"Bulik-Sullivan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib7","first-page":"313","article-title":"Comparing alternative methods of measuring skin color and damage","volume":"20","author":"Daniel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12222","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140612222","article-title":"UV radiation and the skin","volume":"14","author":"D\u2019Orazio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1311","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa840","article-title":"Open targets genetics: systematic identification of trait-associated genes using large-scale genetics and functional genomics","volume":"49","author":"Ghoussaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44548","article-title":"Identification of a novel locus associated with skin colour in African-admixed populations","volume":"7","author":"Hernandez-Pacheco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/phpp.12432","article-title":"Skin cancer phototype: a new classification directly related to skin cancer and based on responses from 2869 individuals","volume":"35","author":"Holm-Schou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.02.019","article-title":"Genetic analysis of perceived youthfulness reveals differences in how men\u2019s and women\u2019s age is assessed","volume":"144","author":"Ingold","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts474","article-title":"Estimation of pleiotropy between complex diseases using single-nucleotide polymorphism-derived genomic relationships and restricted maximum likelihood","volume":"28","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-019-0765-5","article-title":"Meta-analysis of GWA studies provides new insights on the genetic architecture of skin pigmentation in recently admixed populations","volume":"20","author":"Lona-Durazo","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2010.00764.x","article-title":"The deceptive nature of UVA tanning versus the modest protective effects of UVB tanning on human skin","volume":"24","author":"Miyamura","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1559827612460499","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation and the skin: an in-depth review","volume":"7","author":"Morganroth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Lifestyle Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.13147","article-title":"\u201cRepeatability of Repeatability\u201d: the stability of self-reported melanoma risk factors in two independent samples","volume":"45","author":"Mortimore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.62","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of tanning phenotype in a population of European ancestry","volume":"129","author":"Nan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"929","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys107","article-title":"Cohort profile: the QSkin sun and health study","volume":"41","author":"Olsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djy023","article-title":"Risk stratification for melanoma: models derived and validated in a purpose-designed prospective cohort","volume":"110","author":"Olsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1256022","article-title":"Photochemistry. Chemiexcitation of melanin derivatives induces DNA photoproducts long after UV exposure","volume":"347","author":"Premi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.33","article-title":"Photosensitizing agents and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: a population-based case-control study","volume":"133","author":"Robinson","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D638","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1000","article-title":"The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest","volume":"51","author":"Szklarczyk","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23760.x","article-title":"Mechanisms of skin tanning in different racial\/ethnic groups in response to ultraviolet radiation","volume":"124","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0009-4","article-title":"Multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association summary statistics using MTAG","volume":"50","author":"Turley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib27","first-page":"23","article-title":"Pigment protection factor as a predictor of skin photosensitivity-- a polish study","volume":"23","author":"Tylman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Dermatovenerol Croat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04086-y","article-title":"Genome-wide association study in 176,678 Europeans reveals genetic loci for tanning response to sun exposure","volume":"9","author":"Visconti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq340","article-title":"METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans","volume":"26","author":"Willer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2021.07.002","article-title":"A UVB-responsive common variant at chromosome band 7p21.1 confers tanning response and melanoma risk via regulation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, AHR","volume":"108","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.11.011","article-title":"GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysis","volume":"88","author":"Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1007\/s11427-013-4575-0","article-title":"Spectrin: structure, function and disease","volume":"56","author":"Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci China Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2024.167445","article-title":"UVB-induced TRPS1 regulates MITF transcription activity to promote skin pigmentation","volume":"1870","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0184-y","article-title":"Efficiently controlling for case-control imbalance and sample relatedness in large-scale genetic association studies","volume":"50","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z","article-title":"The UK Biobank resource with deep phenotyping and genomic data","volume":"562","author":"Bycroft","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656","article-title":"Next-generation genotype imputation service and methods","volume":"48","author":"Das","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1311","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa840","article-title":"Open Targets Genetics: systematic identification of trait-associated genes using large-scale genetics and functional genomics","volume":"49","author":"Ghoussaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.02.019","article-title":"Genetic analysis of perceived youthfulness reveals differences in how men\u2019s and women\u2019s age is assessed","volume":"144","author":"Ingold","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00870-7","article-title":"Computationally efficient whole-genome regression for quantitative and binary traits","volume":"53","author":"Mbatchou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3643","article-title":"A reference panel of 64,976 haplotypes for genotype imputation","volume":"48","author":"McCarthy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.62","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of tanning phenotype in a population of European ancestry","volume":"129","author":"Nan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-017-0009-4","article-title":"Multi-trait analysis of genome-wide association summary statistics using MTAG","volume":"50","author":"Turley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04086-y","article-title":"Genome-wide association study in 176,678 Europeans reveals genetic loci for tanning response to sun exposure","volume":"9","author":"Visconti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1826","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01261-5","article-title":"Functional mapping and annotation of genetic associations with FUMA","volume":"8","author":"Watanabe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4706","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.15974","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of childhood sunburn on the risk of cutaneous melanoma through Mendelian randomization","volume":"114","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X25035079?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X25035079?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T08:23:13Z","timestamp":1781857393000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X25035079"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0022202X25035079"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Tanning and Sunburn as Skin Cancer Risk Factors","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2025.10.585","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier, Inc. on behalf of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}