{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T14:37:13Z","timestamp":1788964633515,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-000637"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-000637"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["jidonline.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:15:45Z","timestamp":1781126145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Development and applications of primary human sebocyte-derived sebaceous gland organoids"],"prefix":"10.1016","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8798-8100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Si Jia","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4807-2025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng Lui Daniel","family":"Law","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Selwyn","family":"Low","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai Xuan","family":"Keith Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7507-2442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice","family":"van Steensel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib1","first-page":"3689","article-title":"ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 maintains the propagation and characteristics of hair follicle stem cells","volume":"10","author":"An","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/s41556-019-0362-x","article-title":"Tracing the cellular dynamics of sebaceous gland development in normal and perturbed states","volume":"21","author":"Andersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00154-3","article-title":"c-Myc activation in transgenic mouse epidermis results in mobilization of stem cells and differentiation of their progeny","volume":"11","author":"Arnold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2016.03.004","article-title":"Modeling pancreatic cancer with organoids","volume":"2","author":"Baker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06458.x","article-title":"Ectopic expression of c-Myc in the skin affects the hair growth cycle and causes an enlargement of the sebaceous gland","volume":"152","author":"Bull","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1619","article-title":"The cornified envelope: a model of cell death in the skin","volume":"6","author":"Candi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/scrt449","article-title":"The effect of Rho kinase inhibition on long-term keratinocyte proliferation is rapid and conditional","volume":"5","author":"Chapman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1002\/mrd.21021","article-title":"ROCK inhibition enhances the recovery and growth of cryopreserved human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"76","author":"Claassen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol Reprod Dev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17981","article-title":"Homeostasis of the sebaceous gland and mechanisms of acne pathogenesis","volume":"181","author":"Clayton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2013.01.013","article-title":"c-MYC-Induced sebaceous gland Differentiation Is Controlled by an androgen Receptor\/p53 Axis","volume":"3","author":"Cottle","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.413","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3-mediated and arachidonic acid-dependent signaling is involved in differentiation and lipid production of human sebocytes","volume":"134","author":"Dozsa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19062","article-title":"Barrier function-related genes and proteins have an altered expression in acne-involved skin","volume":"37","author":"Dull","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2011.04.001","article-title":"A melanocortin receptor 1 and 5 antagonist inhibits sebaceous gland differentiation and the production of sebum-specific lipids","volume":"63","author":"Eisinger","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dermatol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10261-6","article-title":"Blimp1+ cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro","volume":"10","author":"Feldman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.21","article-title":"Propionibacterium acnes Strain populations in the human skin microbiome associated with acne","volume":"133","author":"Fitz-Gibbon","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19745","article-title":"Epidermal barrier function in dry, flaky and sensitive skin: a narrative review","volume":"38","author":"Fluhr","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00462","article-title":"Evidence that Myc activation depletes the epidermal stem cell compartment by modulating adhesive interactions with the local microenvironment","volume":"130","author":"Frye","year":"2003","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1007\/s12015-009-9107-8","article-title":"Effect of ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 on normal and variant human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in vitro: its benefits in hESC expansion","volume":"6","author":"Gauthaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Stem Cell Rev Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14303","article-title":"Stem and progenitor cells in sebaceous gland development, homeostasis and pathologies","volume":"30","author":"Geueke","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.166173","article-title":"Biologically inspired approaches to enhance human organoid complexity","volume":"146","author":"Holloway","year":"2019","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib21","first-page":"40","article-title":"Bioengineered skin organoids: from development to applications","volume":"10","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mil Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.06.048","article-title":"Blimp1 defines a progenitor population that governs cellular input to the sebaceous gland","volume":"126","author":"Horsley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.909694","article-title":"Aging in the sebaceous gland","volume":"10","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-020-0259-3","article-title":"Human organoids: model systems for human biology and medicine","volume":"21","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222111631","article-title":"Transcriptional differences in lipid-metabolizing enzymes in murine sebocytes derived from sebaceous glands of the skin and preputial glands","volume":"22","author":"Klas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stemcr.2014.08.007","article-title":"BLIMP1 is required for postnatal epidermal homeostasis but does not define a sebaceous gland progenitor under steady-state conditions","volume":"3","author":"Kretzschmar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stem Cell Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201404147","article-title":"A keratin scaffold regulates epidermal barrier formation, mitochondrial lipid composition, and activity","volume":"211","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2009.00890.x","article-title":"New developments in our understanding of acne pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"18","author":"Kurokawa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2014.03.005","article-title":"Transcriptional mechanisms link epithelial plasticity to adhesion and differentiation of epidermal progenitor cells","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14251","article-title":"Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis","volume":"30","author":"Lee","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/burnst\/tkae003","article-title":"Sebaceous gland organoid engineering","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Burns Trauma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/19381980.2017.1375636","article-title":"Sebaceous-immunobiology is orchestrated by sebum lipids","volume":"9","author":"Lov\u00e1szi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.04.030","article-title":"Pharmacological PPAR\u03b3 modulation regulates sebogenesis and inflammation in SZ95 human sebocytes","volume":"138","author":"Mastrofrancesco","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2016.02.019","article-title":"Selective Rho kinase inhibitor allows for expansion of human primary sebocytes in vitro","volume":"136","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.2.8486","article-title":"Differentiation of the sebaceous gland","volume":"1","author":"Niemann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2012.08.010","article-title":"Development and homeostasis of the sebaceous gland","volume":"23","author":"Niemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scr.2020.101899","article-title":"Extrinsic modulation of integrin \u03b16 and progenitor cell behavior in mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"47","author":"Nieto-Nicolau","year":"2020","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5067","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18784-z","article-title":"Contribution of GATA6 to homeostasis of the human upper pilosebaceous unit and acne pathogenesis","volume":"11","author":"Oul\u00e8s","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.4161\/derm.1.2.8472","article-title":"Sebaceous gland lipids","volume":"1","author":"Picardo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dermatoendocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1159\/000382031","article-title":"Strategic targets in acne: the comedone switch in question","volume":"231","author":"Saurat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2009.11.017","article-title":"Sebocytes, multifaceted epithelial cells: lipid production and holocrine secretion","volume":"42","author":"Schneider","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Biochem Cell Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13513","article-title":"Primary sebocytes and sebaceous gland cell lines for studying sebaceous lipogenesis and sebaceous gland diseases","volume":"27","author":"Schneider","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202304879","article-title":"Development of physiologically relevant skin organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells","volume":"20","author":"Shafiee","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2019.109412","article-title":"Why do humans get acne? A hypothesis","volume":"134","author":"Shannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1184733","article-title":"Lgr6 marks stem cells in the hair follicle that generate all cell lineages of the skin","volume":"327","author":"Snippert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.16680","article-title":"A review of sebum in mammals in relation to skin diseases, skin function, and the skin microbiome","volume":"11","author":"Vanderwolf","year":"2023","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.113121","article-title":"Distinct mechanisms for sebaceous gland self-renewal and regeneration provide durability in response to injury","volume":"42","author":"Veniaminova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-202X(89)90050-X","article-title":"Isolation of human sebaceous glands and cultivation of sebaceous gland-derived cells as an in vitro model","volume":"93","author":"Xia","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib50","article-title":"Organoids: the current status and biomedical applications","volume":"4","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"MedComm (2020)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2013.07.129","article-title":"Three-dimensional culture of sebaceous gland cells revealing the role of prostaglandin E2-induced activation of canonical Wnt signaling [Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013 Nov 8;441:271]","volume":"438","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.05.030","article-title":"Melanocortin-5 receptor: a marker of human sebocyte differentiation","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1747.1999.00771.x","article-title":"Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human sebaceous gland cell line (SZ95)","volume":"113","author":"Zouboulis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Investigative Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X26010511?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022202X26010511?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:21:11Z","timestamp":1783045271000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022202X26010511"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["S0022202X26010511"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-202X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-202X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development and applications of primary human sebocyte-derived sebaceous gland organoids","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Investigative Dermatology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jid.2026.04.007","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Investigative Dermatology.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}