{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T15:44:43Z","timestamp":1777045483812,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,4]],"date-time":"2015-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1425427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,20]],"date-time":"2015-02-20T21:01:39Z","timestamp":1424466099000},"page":"43-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Meningococcal carriage in adolescents in the United Kingdom to inform timing of an adolescent vaccination strategy"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Catherine A.","family":"Jeppesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Snape","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicoletta","family":"Gossger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa M.","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6324-6559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Merryn","family":"Voysey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shamez","family":"Ladhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyichukwu O.","family":"Okike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clarissa","family":"Oeser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Kent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pippa","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Begonia","family":"Morales-Aza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stuart C.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"Casey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filipa","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas R.E.","family":"Kitchin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annaliesa S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hal","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathrin U.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Eiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"Pedneault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul T.","family":"Heath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Finn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saul N.","family":"Faust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Pollard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.46288-0","article-title":"Epidemiology of meningococcal disease in England and Wales 1993\/94 to 2003\/04: contribution and experiences of the Meningococcal Reference Unit","volume":"55","author":"Gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.011","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal disease in England and Wales: implications for the introduction of new vaccines","volume":"30","author":"Ladhani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.04.063","article-title":"Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease","volume":"27","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib4","unstructured":"Public Health England. Invasive meningococcal infections (England and Wales), annual report for 2011\/12. www.hpa.org.uk\/hpr\/archives\/2013\/hpr18-2213.pdf [cited 2013 24 September]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib5","series-title":"Annual Epidemiological Report 2012. Reporting on 2010 surveillance data and 2011 epidemic intelligence data","first-page":"168","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2013"},{"issue":"53","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib6","first-page":"43","article-title":"Summary of Notifiable diseases - 2010","volume":"59","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70251-6","article-title":"Meningococcal carriage by age: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Christensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7238","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7238.846","article-title":"Changing carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis among university students during the first week of term: cross sectional study","volume":"320","author":"Neal","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1206.051297","article-title":"Social behavior and meningococcal carriage in British teenagers","volume":"12","author":"MacLennan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01322-10","article-title":"Persistence, replacement, and rapid clonal expansion of meningococcal carriage isolates in a 2008 university student cohort","volume":"49","author":"Bidmos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"Pt 9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45529-0","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis: an overview of the carriage state","volume":"53","author":"Yazdankhah","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1086\/527401","article-title":"Impact of meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines on carriage and herd immunity","volume":"197","author":"Maiden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib13","author":"ICH document Q2A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib14","author":"ICH document Q2B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib15","author":"FDA document"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1086\/600141","article-title":"Sequence diversity of the factor H binding protein vaccine candidate in epidemiologically relevant strains of serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"200","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/26.4.404","article-title":"The use of confidence or fiducial limits illustrated in the case of the binomial","volume":"26","author":"Clopper","year":"1934","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"9960","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60842-4","article-title":"Effect of a quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY glycoconjugate or a serogroup B meningococcal vaccine on meningococcal carriage: an observer-blind, phase 3 randomised clinical trial","volume":"384","author":"Read","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9320","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08679-8","article-title":"UK Meningococcal Carriage Group. Carriage of serogroup C meningococci 1 year after meningococcal C conjugate polysaccharide vaccination","volume":"359","author":"Maiden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1046","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir466","article-title":"Changes in serogroup and genotype prevalence among carried meningococci in the United Kingdom during vaccine implementation","volume":"204","author":"Ibarz-Pav\u00f3n","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2012-303103","article-title":"Adolescents need a booster of serogroup C meningococcal vaccine to protect them and maintain population control of the disease","volume":"98","author":"Pollard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00299-7","article-title":"Planning, registration, and implementation of an immunisation campaign against meningococcal serogroup C disease in the UK: a success story","volume":"20","author":"Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1709.101762","article-title":"Carriage of meningococci by university students, United Kingdom","volume":"17","author":"Ala'aldeen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib24","unstructured":"Public Health England. Invasive menigococcal disease by calendar year, age group and capsular group. England & Wales, 1998 to 2013* (*provisional). Available at: www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/meningococcal-disease-laboratory-confirmed-cases-in-england-and-wales [4 June 2014]."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110901","article-title":"Invasive meningococcal capsular group Y disease, England and Wales, 2007-2009","volume":"18","author":"Ladhani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1086\/648963","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of meningococcal disease in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Harrison","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1907","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.21794","article-title":"Meningococcal serogroup Y emergence in Europe: update 2011","volume":"8","author":"Br\u00f6ker","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.11.89","article-title":"Carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in Europe: a review of studies undertaken in the region","volume":"9","author":"Soriano-Gabarr\u00f3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01929.x","article-title":"Systematic review: Impact of meningococcal vaccination on pharyngeal carriage of meningococci","volume":"12","author":"Dellicour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.03.034","article-title":"Introducing vaccination against serogroup B meningococcal disease: an economic and mathematical modelling study of potential impact","volume":"31","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70006-9","article-title":"Predicted strain coverage of a meningococcal multicomponent vaccine (4CMenB) in Europe: a qualitative and quantitative assessment","volume":"13","author":"Vogel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31829aa63b","article-title":"A multi-country evaluation of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B factor H-binding proteins and implications for vaccine coverage in different age groups","volume":"32","author":"Hoiseth","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"48","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2010.09.038","article-title":"Human antibody responses to the meningococcal factor H binding protein (LP2086) during invasive disease, colonization and carriage","volume":"28","author":"Ala'aldeen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib34","article-title":"Potential impact of the bivalent rLP2806 vaccine on Neisseria meningitidis carriage and invasive serogroup B","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802008130","article-title":"Analysis of longitudinal bacterial carriage studies accounting for sensitivity of swabbing: an application to Neisseria meningitidis","volume":"130","author":"Trotter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445315000651?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445315000651?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:22:04Z","timestamp":1759008124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445315000651"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445315000651"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Meningococcal carriage in adolescents in the United Kingdom to inform timing of an adolescent vaccination strategy","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}