{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:57:50Z","timestamp":1780466270431,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"LUA-ALF Foundation of the Sahlgrenska Academy","award":["145-841"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["145-841"]}]},{"name":"LUA-ALF Foundation of the Sahlgrenska Academy","award":["431361"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["431361"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of Erik and Lily Philipson"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,18]],"date-time":"2016-06-18T19:37:10Z","timestamp":1466278630000},"page":"254-260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in serum of patients with VZV central nervous system infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Anna","family":"Grahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Runesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Studahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.07.014","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus CNS disease\u2013viral load, clinical manifestations and sequels","volume":"46","author":"Persson","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis226","article-title":"Long-term outcome of patients presenting with acute infectious encephalitis of various causes in France","volume":"54","author":"Mailles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X","article-title":"Causes of encephalitis and differences in their clinical presentations in England: a multicentre, population-based prospective study","volume":"10","author":"Granerod","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1170-y","article-title":"Incidence of herpes zoster and associated events including stroke-a population-based cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Sundstrom","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-003-0202-1","article-title":"Quantitative real time PCR detection of Varicella-zoster virus DNA in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with neurological disease","volume":"194","author":"Aberle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2856","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.8.2856-2859.2001","article-title":"Quantitation of varicella-zoster virus DNA in patients with Ramsay Hunt syndrome and zoster sine herpete","volume":"39","author":"Furuta","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196601272740403","article-title":"Serologic and virus-isolation studies of patients with varicella or herpes-zoster infection","volume":"274","author":"Gold","year":"1966","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.6.2447-2449.2000","article-title":"Comparison of quantitations of viral load in varicella and zoster","volume":"38","author":"Kimura","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10316","article-title":"A study of shingles and the development of postherpetic neuralgia in East London","volume":"70","author":"Scott","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1086\/599381","article-title":"Viremia in acute herpes zoster","volume":"200","author":"Satyaprakash","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.10.014","article-title":"Persistence of varicella-zoster virus viraemia in patients with herpes zoster","volume":"50","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6883-5","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in patients with varicella-zoster virus CNS infections","volume":"260","author":"Grahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1159\/000116919","article-title":"Protein analysis in cerebrospinal fluid. II. Reference values derived from healthy individuals 18-88 years of age","volume":"33","author":"Blennow","year":"1993","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70134-6","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vasculopathies: diverse clinical manifestations, laboratory features, pathogenesis, and treatment","volume":"8","author":"Gilden","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00021-7","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy and disseminated encephalomyelitis","volume":"195","author":"Gilden","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2008.07.019","article-title":"VZV vasculopathy associated with myelo-radiculoganglio-meningo-encephalitis: an autopsy case of an immunocompetent 66-year-old male","volume":"275","author":"Miyazaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6.1441","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus, a cause of waxing and waning vasculitis: the New England Journal of Medicine case 5-1995 revisited","volume":"47","author":"Gilden","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.569","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus DNA in CSF and arteries in delayed contralateral hemiplegia: evidence for viral invasion of cerebral arteries","volume":"47","author":"Melanson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410140115","article-title":"Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiplegia: identification of cause","volume":"14","author":"Doyle","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410190103","article-title":"Thrombotic cerebral vasculopathy associated with herpes zoster","volume":"19","author":"Eidelberg","year":"1986","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.17.5.1024","article-title":"Subarachnoid hemorrhage and granulomatous angiitis of the basilar artery: demonstration of the varicella-zoster-virus in the basilar artery lesions","volume":"17","author":"Fukumoto","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182267bfa","article-title":"Varicella zoster virus vasculopathy: analysis of virus-infected arteries","volume":"77","author":"Nagel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000584","article-title":"Herpes zoster as a risk factor for stroke and TIA: a retrospective cohort study in the UK","volume":"83","author":"Breuer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/115.2.383","article-title":"Presence, distribution and spread of productive varicella zoster virus infection in nervous tissues","volume":"115","author":"Schmidbauer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1654(199709)7:3<131::AID-RMV198>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"The pathology of Herpes Zoster and its bearing on sensory localisation","volume":"7","author":"Head","year":"1997","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9817","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01324-15","article-title":"Simian varicella virus is present in macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells in lymph nodes of rhesus macaques after experimental reactivation","volume":"89","author":"Traina-Dorge","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.Supplement_1.S35","article-title":"Cell-mediated immunity to varicella-zoster virus","volume":"166","author":"Arvin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2568","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2568-2573.2000","article-title":"Quantitation of varicella-zoster virus DNA in whole blood, plasma, and serum by PCR and electrochemiluminescence","volume":"38","author":"de Jong","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3062.2005.00106.x","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of varicella zoster virus (VZV) copy DNA numbers in plasma of immunocompetent patients with herpes zoster, of immunocompromised patients with disseminated VZV disease, and of asymptomatic solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"7","author":"Kronenberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transpl Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00874-07","article-title":"Effect of viral load on the outcome of herpes zoster","volume":"45","author":"Quinlivan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2014.09.012","article-title":"Varicella-zoster virus and virus DNA in the blood and oropharynx of people with latent or active varicella-zoster virus infections","volume":"61","author":"Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(03)00004-5","article-title":"Quantification of circulating varicella zoster virus-DNA for the early diagnosis of visceral varicella","volume":"47","author":"Ishizaki","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Infect"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445316301220?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445316301220?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:23:32Z","timestamp":1759008212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445316301220"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445316301220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) DNA in serum of patients with VZV central nervous system infections","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2016.04.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}