{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T22:31:25Z","timestamp":1768689085320,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]],"date-time":"2022-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651363200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,19]],"date-time":"2022-02-19T18:09:47Z","timestamp":1645294187000},"page":"710-721","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A productive immunocompetent mouse model of cryptosporidiosis with long oocyst shedding duration for immunological studies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Xi","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanyi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lianbei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuowei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Na","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9958-1295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaqiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Kv\u00e1\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8532-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lihua","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8380-1246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaoyu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70772-8","article-title":"A review of the global burden, novel diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine targets for Cryptosporidium","volume":"15","author":"Checkley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0002","article-title":"Long-term production effects of clinical cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves","volume":"8","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0003","first-page":"909","article-title":"Estimates of global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"17","author":"Collaborators","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6825a3","article-title":"Cryptosporidiosis outbreaks - United States, 2009-2017","volume":"68","author":"Gharpure","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.07.009","article-title":"Genetic diversity and population structure of Cryptosporidium","volume":"34","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2009.03.018","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis: an update","volume":"124","author":"Xiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.05.006","article-title":"A genetically tractable, natural mouse model of cryptosporidiosis offers insights into host protective immunity","volume":"26","author":"Sateriale","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-015-1517-1","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and telomeric gene duplications in Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s40588-021-00159-7","article-title":"Cryptosporidium: host-parasite interactions and pathogenesis","volume":"8","author":"Pinto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Clin Microbiol Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.15333.1","article-title":"Recent Breakthroughs and Ongoing Limitations in Cryptosporidium Research","volume":"7","author":"Bhalchandra","year":"2018","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9748-0_15","article-title":"Calf clinical model of cryptosporidiosis for efficacy evaluation of therapeutics","volume":"2052","author":"Riggs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-9748-0_14","article-title":"Mouse models for Uuse in Cryptosporidium infection studies and quantification of parasite burden using flow cytometry, qPCR, and histopathology","volume":"2052","author":"Sonzogni-Desautels","year":"2020","journal-title":"Methods Mol Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2503","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.9.2503-2508.1998","article-title":"The gamma interferon gene knockout mouse: a highly sensitive model for evaluation of therapeutic agents against Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"36","author":"Griffiths","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.06.033","article-title":"Experimental infection with Cryptosporidium parvum IIaA21G1R1 subtype in immunosuppressed mice","volume":"190","author":"Del Coco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6063","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00734-13","article-title":"A cysteine protease inhibitor rescues mice from a lethal Cryptosporidium parvum infection","volume":"57","author":"Ndao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Ch"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.07.012","article-title":"Cryptosporidium tyzzeri n. sp. (Apicomplexa: cryptosporidiidae) in domestic mice (Mus musculus)","volume":"130","author":"Ren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2013.04.007","article-title":"Coevolution of Cryptosporidium tyzzeri and the house mouse (Mus musculus)","volume":"43","author":"Kvac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7692","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01386-09","article-title":"Cryptosporidium spp. in wild, laboratory, and pet rodents in china: prevalence and molecular characterization","volume":"75","author":"Lv","year":"2009","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12800","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12800","article-title":"Development of an immunocompetent mouse model susceptible to Cryptosporidium tyzzeri infection","volume":"43","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007411","article-title":"Deprivation of dietary fiber enhances susceptibility of mice to cryptosporidiosis","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Neglect Trop D"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89S","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.1996.tb05015.x","article-title":"Improved purification methods for calf-derived Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts using discontinuous sucrose and cesium chloride gradients","volume":"43","author":"Arrowood","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2019.05.003","article-title":"Isolation, genotyping and subtyping of single Cryptosporidium oocysts from calves with special reference to zoonotic significance","volume":"271","author":"Gharieb","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3386","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.8.3386-3391.1999","article-title":"Genetic diversity within Cryptosporidium parvum and related Cryptosporidium species","volume":"65","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Applied Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5845","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01699-15","article-title":"Monis P, Feng Y, Xiao L. Development and evaluation of three Real-Time PCR assays for genotyping and source tracking Cryptosporidium spp. in water","volume":"81","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2744","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.6.2744-2747.2003","article-title":"Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium isolates from humans, cattle, and zoo ruminants in Portugal","volume":"41","author":"Alves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0026","first-page":"855","article-title":"The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers","volume":"332","author":"DuPont","year":"1995","journal-title":"T Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.65.4.1578-1583.1999","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of Cryptosporidium parasites based on the small-subunit rRNA gene locus","volume":"65","author":"Xiao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02962-14","article-title":"Isolation and enrichment of Cryptosporidium DNA and verification of DNA purity for whole-genome sequencing","volume":"53","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2016.12.002","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of the IId subtype family of Cryptosporidium parvum","volume":"47","author":"Feng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.3122","article-title":"StringTie enables improved reconstruction of a transcriptome from RNA-seq reads","volume":"33","author":"Pertea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W316","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr483","article-title":"KOBAS 2.0: a web server for annotation and identification of enriched pathways and diseases","volume":"39","author":"Xie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2498","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.1239303","article-title":"Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks","volume":"13","author":"Shannon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41385-021-00444-0","article-title":"Aiolos: a molecular guardian of type 2 innate immune cell residency and response","volume":"14","author":"Zaini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008629","article-title":"SASH3 variants cause a novel form of X-linked combined immunodeficiency with immune dysregulation","volume":"138","author":"Delmonte","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.05.057","article-title":"Bob1 enhances RORgammat-mediated IL-17A expression in Th17cells through interaction with RORgammat","volume":"514","author":"Ikegami","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem Bioph Res Co"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.01.042","article-title":"Whole-exome sequencing identifies Coronin-1A deficiency in 3 siblings with immunodeficiency and EBV-associated B-cell lymphoproliferation","volume":"131","author":"Moshous","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immun"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2021.10.002","article-title":"Commensal Cryptosporidium colonization elicits a cDC1-dependent Th1 response that promotes intestinal homeostasis and limits other infections","volume":"54","author":"Russler-Germain","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01410-15","article-title":"The Cryptosporidium parvum C-Type lectin CpClec mediates infection of intestinal epithelial cells via interactions with sulfated proteoglycans","volume":"84","author":"Ludington","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0040","article-title":"Comparative genomic analysis of three intestinal species reveals reductions in secreted pathogenesis determinants in bovine-specific and non-pathogenic Cryptosporidium species","volume":"6","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2017.08.001","article-title":"Innate immune responses play a key role in controlling infection of the intestinal epithelium by Cryptosporidium","volume":"47","author":"Laurent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.114008","article-title":"Defensins: the natural peptide antibiotic","volume":"179","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178647","article-title":"Giardia co-infection promotes the secretion of antimicrobial peptides beta-defensin 2 and trefoil factor 3 and attenuates attaching and effacing bacteria-induced intestinal disease","volume":"12","author":"Manko","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5759-0","article-title":"Trans-suppression of defense DEFB1 gene in intestinal epithelial cells following Cryptosporidium parvum infection is associated with host delivery of parasite Cdg7_FLc_1000 RNA","volume":"117","author":"Ming","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/jeu.12164","article-title":"IL-18 cytokine levels modulate innate immune responses and cryptosporidiosis in mice","volume":"62","author":"Bedi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Eukaryot Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.47665\/tb.38.1.029","article-title":"Dendritic cell TLR4 induces Th1-type immune response against Cryptosporidium parvum infection","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3486-8","article-title":"Delivery of SA35 and SA40 peptides in mice enhances humoral and cellular immune responses and confers protection against Cryptosporidium parvum infection","volume":"12","author":"Tosini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasites Vectors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445322001086?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445322001086?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T21:34:56Z","timestamp":1759008896000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445322001086"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445322001086"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A productive immunocompetent mouse model of cryptosporidiosis with long oocyst shedding duration for immunological studies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2022.02.019","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 The British Infection Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}