{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T16:46:42Z","timestamp":1790700402325,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":403,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]],"date-time":"2025-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP220200614"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP220200614"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000923","name":"Australian Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LP180101085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LP180101085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T11:55:30Z","timestamp":1741348530000},"page":"106460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Human dirofilariasis \u2013 A potentially significant nematode zoonosis in an era of climate change"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6554-8160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Mom\u010dilovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andriana","family":"Jovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin B.","family":"Gasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2434-8","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens): an infection spreading throughout the old world","volume":"10","author":"Genchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00012-12","article-title":"Human and animal dirofilariasis: the emergence of a zoonotic mosaic","volume":"25","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-288","article-title":"Dirofilariosis in the Americas: a more virulent Dirofilaria immitis?","volume":"6","author":"Dantas-Torres","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2023.12.007","article-title":"Zoonotic dirofilariases: one, no one, or more than one parasite","volume":"40","author":"Perles","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/6436130","article-title":"The complexity of zoonotic filariasis episystem and its consequences: a multidisciplinary view","volume":"2017","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib6","volume":"10","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plos Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-018-3205-x","article-title":"Recent advances on Dirofilaria repens in dogs and humans in Europe","volume":"11","author":"Capelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2409.180462","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens nematode infection with microfilaremia in traveler returning to Belgium from Senegal","volume":"24","author":"Potters","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1582-3","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens microfilariae from a human node fine-needle aspirate: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Fontanelli Sulekova","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.19-0744","article-title":"Case report: successful treatment of a patient with microfilaremic dirofilariasis using doxycycline","volume":"102","author":"Lechner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.88","article-title":"Experimental dirofilariasis in macaques. II. Susceptibility and host responses to Dirofilaria repens of dogs and cats","volume":"25","author":"Wong","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2021.100306","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens microfilaremia in humans: case description and literature review","volume":"13","author":"Pupi\u0107-Bakra\u010d","year":"2021","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2706.210592","article-title":"Recurrent swelling and microfilaremia caused by Dirofilaria repens infection after travel to India","volume":"27","author":"Huebl","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib14","first-page":"191","article-title":"First case of ocular dirofilariosis in Bulgaria caused by gravid female Dirofilaria repens","volume":"68","author":"Makaveev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2499-4","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens transmission in southeastern Finland","volume":"10","author":"Pietik\u00e4inen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2548","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2912.230796","article-title":"Microfilaremic Dirofilaria repens infection in patient from Serbia","volume":"29","author":"Tasi\u0107-Otasevic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib17","first-page":"305","article-title":"Dirofilariose humaine en Corse: un nouveau casautochtone. R\u00e9vision des casd\u00e9japubli\u00e9s [Human dirofilariasis in Corsica: a new local case. Review of reported cases]","volume":"92","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X09341346","article-title":"Human Dirofilaria repens infection in Serbia","volume":"83","author":"Dzami\u0107","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2017.07.006","article-title":"Clinical and laboratory features of human dirofilariasis in Russia","volume":"9","author":"Ermakova","year":"2017","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.43.167","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis: restudy of worms reported gravid","volume":"43","author":"Beaver","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2015.11.010","article-title":"Human ocular dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Sri Lanka","volume":"8","author":"Iddawela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/97.5.625","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens manifesting as a breast nodule. Diagnostic problems and epidemiologic considerations","volume":"97","author":"MacDougall","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib23","first-page":"67","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariasis in Nova Scotia","volume":"7","author":"Haldane","year":"1996","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib24","unstructured":"American Heartworm Society. Accessed date: 20 November 2024. \u3008https:\/\/www.heartwormsociety.org\/veterinary-resources\/american-heartworm-society-guidelines\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.18008\/1816-5095-2019-4-556-560","article-title":"Rare case of intraocular dirofiliariosis. Surgical removing method","volume":"16","author":"Kazaykin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ophthalmol Russia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2018.01.013","article-title":"A new worm infiltrating the human cornea: a report of three cases","volume":"9","author":"McBurney-Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib27","first-page":"147","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis after clinically manifested subcutaneous migration of the parasite: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Ondriska","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.eye.6701372","article-title":"Unusual presentation of dirofilariasis as lacrimal mass","volume":"18","author":"Yuen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eye"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14210","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis in the 21st century: a scoping review of clinical cases reported in the literature","volume":"69","author":"Sim\u00f3n","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-021-04696-4","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis in Austria: the past, the present, the future","volume":"14","author":"Riebenbauer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-019-06576-4","article-title":"Current trends in canine dirofilariosis in Austria-do we face a pre-endemic status?","volume":"119","author":"Sonnberger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10050550","article-title":"The incidence of Dirofilaria immitis in shelter dogs and mosquitoes in Austria","volume":"10","author":"Sonnberger","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101268","article-title":"Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe","volume":"10","author":"Fuehrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1128188","article-title":"The long-distance relationship between Dirofilaria and the UK: case report and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Panarese","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib35","article-title":"An unexpected cause of a subcutaneous nodule: a case report of dirofilaria infection","volume":"2012","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2007.03211.x","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis: 10 new cases in Piedmont, Italy","volume":"46","author":"Angeli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-015-0825-4","article-title":"Description of five dirofilariasis cases in South Hungary and review epidemiology of this disease for the country","volume":"127","author":"D\u00f3czi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wien Klin Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00488","article-title":"Current situation of the presence of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs and humans in Bucaramanga, Colombia","volume":"7","author":"Esteban-Mendoza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19053096","article-title":"Global climate change and human dirofilariasis in Russia","volume":"19","author":"Kondrashin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101268","article-title":"Dirofilaria spp. and Angiostrongylus vasorum: current risk of spreading in Central and Northern Europe","volume":"10","author":"Fuehrer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00196","article-title":"Heartworm disease (Dirofilariaimmitis) and their vectors in Europe \u2013 new distribution trends","volume":"3","author":"Morch\u00f3n","year":"2012","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/jtm.12174","article-title":"Increasing risks of human dirofilariasis in travelers","volume":"22","author":"Diaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-516X.112243","article-title":"Subcutaneous nodule: a case of Dirofilaria","volume":"3","author":"D'Souza","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Appl Basic Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib44","first-page":"149","article-title":"Human dirofilarias is due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: a review of world literature","volume":"37","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1995","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.2001.01099.x","article-title":"Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in Italy, an emergent zoonosis: report of 60 new cases","volume":"38","author":"Pampiglione","year":"2001","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib46","article-title":"A case report on oral subcutaneous dirofilariasis","volume":"2015","author":"Jayasinghe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-013-0348-8","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis: an emerging zoonosis in India","volume":"39","author":"Kini","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1511.090936","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens infection and concomitant meningoencephalitis","volume":"15","author":"Poppert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12639-011-0039-2","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariasis","volume":"35","author":"Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Parasit Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215113001060","article-title":"A rare case of Dirofilaria repens infection","volume":"127","author":"Chan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4499-7","article-title":"Case of human Dirofilaria repens infection manifested by cutaneous larva migrans syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Antolov\u00e1","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib52","first-page":"375","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka","volume":"39","author":"Dissanaike","year":"1997","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib53","article-title":"Dirofilaria in humans, dogs, and vectors in Austria (1978-2014)\u2014from imported pathogens to the endemicity of Dirofilaria repens","volume":"10","author":"Fuehrer","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2021.07.017","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a review for the clinicians","volume":"363","author":"Saha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2006.00855.x","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a case report and review of the recent Japanese literature","volume":"11","author":"Miyoshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1967.16.172","article-title":"A case of infection in man with Dirofilaria","volume":"16","author":"Jung","year":"1967","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1968.17.180","article-title":"Dirofilaria tenius containing microfilariae in man","volume":"17","author":"Pacheco","year":"1968","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01590-12","article-title":"A novel Dirofilaria species causing human and canine infections in Hong Kong","volume":"50","author":"To","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2018.10.019","article-title":"Whether Dirofilaria repens parasites from South India belong to zoonotic Candidatus Dirofilariahongkongensis (Dirofilaria sp. hongkongensis)?","volume":"67","author":"Pradeep","year":"2019","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2308.170423","article-title":"Candidatus Dirofilaria hongkongensis as causative agent of human ocular filariosis after travel to India","volume":"23","author":"Winkler","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2705.203599","article-title":"Eosinophilic meningitis and intraocular infection caused by Dirofilaria sp. Genotype Hongkong","volume":"27","author":"Jyotsna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1521","article-title":"Candidatus Dirofilaria Hongkongensis infections in humans during 2005 to 2020, in Kerala, India","volume":"104","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.12809\/hkmj208675","article-title":"Anaphylaxis after surgical excision of subcutaneous infection with parasitic Dirofilaria: a case report","volume":"27","author":"Luk","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hong Kong Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"taad121","DOI":"10.1093\/jtm\/taad121","article-title":"First case of Dirofilaria hongkongensis infection in Germany presenting as a breast tumour","volume":"30","author":"Schroeder","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000770","article-title":"Human ocular dirofilariasis in Hong Kong","volume":"93","author":"Kwok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2020.102117","article-title":"Dirofilaria hongkongensis infection presenting as recurrent shoulder mass","volume":"77","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib67","first-page":"114","article-title":"First report on subconjunctival dirofilariasis in Thailand caused by a Dirofilaria sp. closely related to D. hongkongensis","volume":"6","author":"Sukudom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad J Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1987.37.357","article-title":"Dirofilaria ursi-like parasites acquired by humans in the northern United States and Canada: report of two cases and brief review","volume":"37","author":"Beaver","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib69","first-page":"463","article-title":"Raynaud's phenomenon in the left hand caused by Dirofilaria spectans","volume":"10","author":"De Freitas","year":"1953","journal-title":"Rev Bras Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1990.42.124","article-title":"Dirofilaria striata infection in a North Carolina child","volume":"42","author":"Orihel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3802-3","article-title":"Some aspects of the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens","volume":"113","author":"Harizanov","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib72","first-page":"231","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens: an update of world literature from 1995 to 2000","volume":"42","author":"Pampiglione","year":"2000","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.02.017","article-title":"Human subcutaneous\/ocular dirofilariasis in the Russian Federation and Belarus, 1997-2013","volume":"33","author":"Kartashev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s11686-022-00543-3","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria repens in Sri Lanka from 1962 to 2020","volume":"67","author":"Balendran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(96)90345-X","article-title":"Elusive migratory subcutaneous dirofilariasis","volume":"35","author":"Shenefelt","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301217","article-title":"Acute arthritis occurring in association with subcutaneous Dirofilaria tenuis infection","volume":"30","author":"Corman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(10)80052-7","article-title":"Dirofilaria tenuis infection of the oral mucosa and cheek","volume":"51","author":"Collins","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2015002","article-title":"Molecular analysis of Dirofilaria repens removed from a subcutaneous nodule in a Japanese woman after a tour to Europe","volume":"22","author":"Suzuki","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10101323","article-title":"Concern for Dirofilaria immitis and macrocyclic lactone loss of efficacy: current situation in the USA and Europe, and future scenarios","volume":"10","author":"Diakou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00968","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae and third-stage larvae induce canine NETosis resulting in different types of neutrophil extracellular traps","volume":"9","author":"Mu\u00f1oz-Caro","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2802.211963","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis pulmonary dirofilariasis, Slovakia","volume":"28","author":"Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.04.007","article-title":"Public health aspects of dirofilariasis in the United States","volume":"133","author":"Theis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(99)90001-1","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis: a clinicopathologic study of 41 lesions in 39 patients","volume":"30","author":"Flieder","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib84","first-page":"437","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis. A case report and review of the literature","volume":"112","author":"Dayal","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1982.31.302","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis in the United States: a critical review","volume":"31","author":"Ciferri","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib86","first-page":"65","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis in Japan","volume":"39","author":"Akao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01076","article-title":"Editorial: Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses","volume":"10","author":"Ortona","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2011-2120","article-title":"Immune cells have sex and so should journal articles","volume":"153","author":"Klein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.90","article-title":"Sex differences in immune responses","volume":"16","author":"Klein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3004.240125","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis in migrant from Sri Lanka, Australia","volume":"30","author":"Cope","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_2470_21","article-title":"Clinicopathological study of parasitic lesions of the eye and ocular adnexa in a tertiary care ophthalmic center in South India","volume":"70","author":"Mahesh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-021-07317-2","article-title":"First time identification of subconjunctival Dirofilaria immitis in Turkey: giant episcleral granuloma mimicking scleritis","volume":"120","author":"Aykur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0067","article-title":"A case of human conjunctival dirofilariosis by Dirofilaria immitis in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Avellis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2016.10.022","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria immitis in a child in Iran: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"66","author":"Mirahmadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib95","first-page":"114","article-title":"First report on subconjunctival dirofilariasis in Thailand caused by a Dirofilaria sp. closely related to D. hongkongenesis","volume":"6","author":"Sukudom","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acad J Sci Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000533340","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis: a clinicopathologic case series and literature review","volume":"10","author":"Camacho","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocul Oncol Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_847_16","article-title":"An unusual presentation of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis","volume":"65","author":"Sethi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2009.47.4.397","article-title":"Orbital dirofilariasis in Iran: a case report","volume":"47","author":"Tavakolizadeh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib99","first-page":"80","article-title":"Human ocular dirofilariosis: clinical and epidemiological features","volume":"53","author":"Trenki\u0107-Bo\u017einovi\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Med Median"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.142267","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis: a case series of 8 patients","volume":"21","author":"Kalogeropoulos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib101","article-title":"Subconjunctival human dirofilariasis by Dirofilaria repens in the Mediterranean Basin","volume":"26","author":"Red\u00f3n-Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2021.102482","article-title":"New cases of human dirofilariosis on the Balkan Peninsula \u2013 \"Masked intruders\" uncovered by a surgeon","volume":"86","author":"Mom\u010dilovi\u0107","year":"2022","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib103","first-page":"64","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis, a case report","volume":"5","author":"Tafti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2015.1099692","article-title":"Periocular dirofilariasis: a case series","volume":"35","author":"Bhat","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1159\/000508960","article-title":"Several cases of ocular dirofilariasis in Bulgaria","volume":"29","author":"Velev","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmmb.2023.100388","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis: a report from Odisha","volume":"45","author":"Shaikh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5070.97247","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens in southern India","volume":"2","author":"Kotigadde","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.101650","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis: still in the dark in western India?","volume":"58","author":"Sahdev","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Post Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib109","first-page":"OD12","article-title":"Periorbital dirofilariasis: a rare case from Western India","volume":"10","author":"Nagpal","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2008.080391","article-title":"Cutaneous dirofilariasis presenting as an eyelid swelling","volume":"39","author":"Shenoi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.114111","article-title":"Periorbital dirofilariasis-clinical and imaging findings: live worm on ultrasound","volume":"61","author":"Gopinath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib112","first-page":"27","article-title":"Dirofilariasis of eyelid and orbit (clinic, diagnosis, treatment)","volume":"1","author":"Poliakova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oftal.2016.07.008","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis in the eyelid caused by Dirofilaria repens: an imported case. Dirofilariasis palpebral causadapor Dirofilaria repens: un casoimportado","volume":"92","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Calzadilla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.2500\/105065899781329700","article-title":"Endoscopic removal of an intraorbital \u201cTumor\u201d: a vital surprise","volume":"13","author":"Braun","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2018.07.015","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of the eyelid","volume":"75","author":"Mani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000099303","article-title":"A case of lacrimal gland dirofilariasis","volume":"221","author":"Juri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ophthalmologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"NP5","DOI":"10.1177\/1120672118803519","article-title":"There is a worm in my eye! Ocular dirofilariasis","volume":"29","author":"Montesel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02475-0","article-title":"Subtenons infection by Dirofilaria repens","volume":"24","author":"Sathyan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib119","article-title":"Intramuscular dirofilariasis mimicking an orbital metastasis in a patient with breast cancer","volume":"2012","author":"Henderson","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.18502\/jovr.v17i4.12340","article-title":"Orbital dirofilariasis masquerading as orbital rhabdomyosarcoma","volume":"17","author":"Pakdel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Ophthalmic Vis Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(76)90073-8","article-title":"The Dirofilaria parasite in the orbit","volume":"82","author":"Thomas","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib122","first-page":"285","article-title":"Orbital dirofilariasis: MR findings","volume":"20","author":"Groell","year":"1999","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-3026.37050","article-title":"Case report: orbital dirofilariasis","volume":"18","author":"Smitha","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Radiol Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1177\/112067219800800410","article-title":"Orbital dirofilariasis","volume":"8","author":"Strianese","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.83.9.1088","article-title":"Surgically removed submacular nematode","volume":"83","author":"Yamamoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1097\/ICB.0b013e31815e93f5","article-title":"Live intraocular dirofilaria causing multifocal choroiditis","volume":"3","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Retin Cases Brief Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.100916","article-title":"Human intraocular filariasis caused by Dirofilaria sp. nematode, Brazil","volume":"17","author":"Otranto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-9233.97965","article-title":"Dirofilaria in the anterior chamber: a rare occurrence","volume":"19","author":"Chopra","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib129","first-page":"67","article-title":"A case of a living parasite into the crystalline lens","volume":"5","author":"Mizkevic","year":"1961","journal-title":"Sdravookhran Kazakstana"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.4103\/ijo.IJO_79_19","article-title":"Rare cause of floaters: a motile live worm in vitreous cavity","volume":"67","author":"Rajan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.4103\/0301-4738.116252","article-title":"Bilateral intraocular dirofilariasis","volume":"62","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-620X.149868","article-title":"A rare case of anterior chamber dirofilariasis","volume":"8","author":"Das","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oman J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib133","first-page":"274","article-title":"Isolation of Dirofilaria repens in vitreoretinal findings","volume":"48","author":"Vasilkov\u00e1","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cesk Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/01676830500499224","article-title":"Intravitreal dirofilariasis: a rare ocular infection","volume":"25","author":"Gorezis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2008.138842","article-title":"An uncommon case with intravitreal worm. Intravitreal Dirofilaria infection","volume":"93","author":"Gungel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1097\/IAE.0000000000000994","article-title":"Intravitreal filariasis: the accidental traveler","volume":"36","author":"Georgalas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Retina"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1080\/09273948.2020.1727532","article-title":"Extensive chorio-retinal damage due to Dirofilaria Repens \u2013 report of a case","volume":"29","author":"Gupta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ocul Immunol Inflamm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.121388","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of Dirofilariasis and complex ocular surgery, Russia","volume":"19","author":"Ilyasov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2020.100153","article-title":"The trends of human dirofilariasis in Croatia: yesterday \u2013 today \u2013 tomorrow","volume":"10","author":"Pupi\u0107-Bakra\u010d","year":"2020","journal-title":"One Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.21-0764","article-title":"Ocular dirofilariasis case in Thailand confirmed by molecular analysis to be caused by Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"106","author":"Somsap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib141","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Pterygium [Updated 2023 Aug 8]","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.17116\/oftalma2019135041113","article-title":"Clinical forms of ocular dirofilariasis","volume":"135","author":"Gushchina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vestn Oftalmol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0084","article-title":"First case of heterochthonous subconjunctival dirofilariasis described in Poland","volume":"83","author":"Wesolowska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)03088-7","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis","volume":"21","author":"Bhat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken1952.38.223","article-title":"A report of the first case of Dirofilaria infection in the eyelid region in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Kagei","year":"1985","journal-title":"Jpn J Med Sci Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896907307040","article-title":"Periorbital subcutaneous tumor-like lesion due to Dirofilaria repens","volume":"16","author":"Eccher","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1076\/orbi.22.1.41.14008","article-title":"Dirofilarial infection of the orbit","volume":"22","author":"Angunawela","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.3109\/01676830.2014.950299","article-title":"Dirofilaria presenting as orbital mass","volume":"34","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orbit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib149","article-title":"Ophthalmic parasitosis: a review article","volume":"2012","author":"Nimir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inter Perspect Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2010.100294","article-title":"Human ocular angiostrongyliasis: a literature review","volume":"41","author":"Diao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0214","article-title":"Clinical features of imported Loiasis: a case series from the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, London","volume":"93","author":"Saito","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib152","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Onchocerciasis","author":"Gyasi","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1404.071205","article-title":"Human thelaziasis, Europe","volume":"14","author":"Otranto","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2011.12.013","article-title":"Ocular toxocariasis: epidemiologic, anatomic, and therapeutic variations based on a survey of ophthalmic subspecialists","volume":"119","author":"Woodhall","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-10-1","article-title":"The first case of human autochtonous subconjunctival dirofilariosis in Poland and MALT lymphoma as possible consequence of this parasitosis","volume":"10","author":"Borkowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Agent Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020124","article-title":"Spirocerca lupi proteomics and its role in cancer development: an overview of spirocercosis-induced sarcomas and revision of helminth-induced carcinomas","volume":"10","author":"Porras-Silesky","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020205","article-title":"Urogenital schistosomiasis-history, pathogenesis, and bladder cancer","volume":"10","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2012.07.006","article-title":"The tumorigenic liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini\u2014multiple pathways to cancer","volume":"28","author":"Sripa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib159","article-title":"Clonorchis sinensis infection amplifies hepatocellular carcinoma stemness, predicting unfavorable prognosis","volume":"18","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2020.3527","article-title":"Skin-colored nodule on the scalp of a middle-aged man","volume":"156","author":"Khullar","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S336","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(14)60466-7","article-title":"Case of a subcutaneous nodule","volume":"4","author":"Madi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Trop Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1258\/0049475054620789","article-title":"Crusted papule on forehead due to Dirofilaria repens","volume":"35","author":"Shenoi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop Doct"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib163","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariasis caused by Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens in Sri Lanka: a potential risk of transmitting human dirofilariasis","volume":"5","author":"Gunathilaka","year":"2017","journal-title":"SAGE Open Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1505-3","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens: emergence of autochthonous human infections in the Czech Republic (case reports)","volume":"16","author":"Mat\u011bj\u016f","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2015.53.3.329","article-title":"A rare human case of Dirofilaria repens infection in the subcutaneous posterior thorax with molecular identification","volume":"53","author":"Le","year":"2015","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib166","first-page":"2","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis: an emerging zoonosis","volume":"3","author":"Reddy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19074330","article-title":"Live intraoral Dirofilaria repens of lower lip mimicking mucocele\u2014first reported case from Croatia","volume":"19","author":"Skrinjar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.2478\/helm-2019-0016","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis in Bulgaria between 2009 and 2018","volume":"56","author":"Velev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib169","article-title":"Description of the rare localization of Dirofilaria repens in human in the right inguinal lymph node","volume":"23","author":"Ermakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(81)80201-8","article-title":"Dirofilaria in a cervical lymph node in Israel","volume":"12","author":"Zweig","year":"1981","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-008-0928-2","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis in Hungary: an emerging zoonosis in central Europe","volume":"120","author":"Sz\u00e9n\u00e1si","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wien Klin Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01590-12","article-title":"A novel Dirofilaria species causing human and canine infections in Hong Kong","volume":"50","author":"To","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezt496","article-title":"Live Dirofilaria immitis found during coronary artery bypass grafting procedure","volume":"46","author":"Po\u017egain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1556\/maseb.61.2008.5.6","article-title":"Dirofilaria in the abdominal cavity","volume":"61","author":"R\u00e9v\u00e9sz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Magy Seb"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.988","article-title":"Dirofilaria in the abdominal cavity of a man in Japan","volume":"28","author":"Tada","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib176","first-page":"28","article-title":"Two cases of parasitic granuloma found incidentally in surgical specimens","volume":"52","author":"Takekawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib177","first-page":"158","article-title":"\u00dcbereinen in menschlichen Periton\u00e4um gefunden Nematoden","volume":"81","author":"Babes","year":"1880","journal-title":"Arch F Anat U Physiol U Klin Med Herausg Von R Wirchow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib178","first-page":"678","article-title":"Intraperitoneal dirofilariasis","volume":"77","author":"Delage","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib179","first-page":"753","article-title":"The 15 years' experience of diagnostic of human dirofilariasis","volume":"62","author":"Fedyanina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Klin Lab Diagn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib180","article-title":"Subcutaneous and pulmonary dirofilariasis with evidence of splenic involvement","volume":"2016","author":"Selvachandran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Case Rep Pulmonol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06091.x","article-title":"Dirofilaria-induced fibrosis: an unusual cause of pelviureteric obstruction","volume":"82","author":"Abraham","year":"2012","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49141-5","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis of the bladder","volume":"133","author":"Nelson","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12259","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens mimicking an ovarian mass: histologic and molecular diagnosis","volume":"122","author":"Palicelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2016037","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis in a child from the Russian Federation. Dirofilaria immitis chez un enfant en F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Russie","volume":"23","author":"Tumolskaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib185","first-page":"107","article-title":"Human dirofiIariasis in Japan; case report and review of literature","volume":"7","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1980","journal-title":"Int J Zoonosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.220424","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens testicular infection in child, Italy","volume":"28","author":"Ugolini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2008.02.015","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens mimicking a scrotal tumor","volume":"73","author":"Fleck","year":"2009","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1556\/avet.47.1999.1.7","article-title":"Human Dirofilaria repens infection in Hungary: a case in the spermatic cord and a review of the literature","volume":"47","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Vet Hung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.22114","article-title":"Intradural dirofilariasis mimicking a Langerhans cell histiocytosis tumor","volume":"53","author":"Perret-Court","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.15275\/rusomj.2018.0102","article-title":"Dirofilariasis in Russian Federation: a big problem with large distribution","volume":"7","author":"Moskvina","year":"2018","journal-title":"RusOMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-020-02679-w","article-title":"A case of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis presenting as urticaria","volume":"83","author":"Aswathi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1592.2004.00354.x","article-title":"A case of chronic urticaria due to Dirofilaria infestation","volume":"53","author":"Matucci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Allergol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2006.11.030","article-title":"Dirofilariose humaine: 3 casautochtones dans le sud de la France","volume":"36","author":"Estran","year":"2007","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2020015","article-title":"Oral migration of Dirofilaria repens after creeping dermatitis. Migration orale de Dirofilaria repens apr\u00e8s unedermatiterampante","volume":"27","author":"Hennocq","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03032365","article-title":"New human Dirofilarioses in Hungary","volume":"6","author":"Elek","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib196","first-page":"234","article-title":"Subcutaneous human dirofilariosis by D. Repens in South Italy: a case report","volume":"42","author":"Brindicci","year":"2019","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01736812","article-title":"Human dirofilariasis with reactive arthritis\u2014case report and review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Langer","year":"1987","journal-title":"Klin Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(74)90118-7","article-title":"Dirofilariasis as a cause of eosinophilic meningitis in man diagnosed by immunofluorescence and Arthus hypersensitivity","volume":"68","author":"Dobson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soc.2015.03.006","article-title":"Cancer of the oral cavity","volume":"24","author":"Montero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Oncol Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib200","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Anatomy, Head and Neck, Oral Cavity (Mouth)","author":"Kamrani","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib201","series-title":"Clinical Methods: The History, Physical, and Laboratory Examinations","first-page":"129","article-title":"The oral cavity and associated structures","author":"Walker","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-237X.114883","article-title":"Filariasis of the buccal mucosa: a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"4","author":"Kurup","year":"2013","journal-title":"Conte Clin Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.30699\/ijp.2022.548111.2829","article-title":"A rare case of intra-oral dirofilariasis manifesting on the buccal mucosa","volume":"17","author":"Suresh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iran J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcz135","article-title":"Tongue infection caused by Dirofilaria repens","volume":"112","author":"Velev","year":"2019","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896916653212","article-title":"Dirofilariasis presenting as an infiltrative mass in the right buccal space","volume":"24","author":"V\u00e9lez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-022-01695-5","article-title":"Oral dirofilariasis\u2014a rare case report from South India","volume":"22","author":"Sayd","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-018-1139-7","article-title":"Systematic review of lesser known parasitoses: maxillofacial dirofilariasis","volume":"18","author":"Chaudhry","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0025-2015","article-title":"Dirofilariasis involving the oral cavity: report of the first case from South America","volume":"48","author":"Pereira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.142581","article-title":"Live dirofilaria in buccal mucosa","volume":"25","author":"Balaji","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcy181","article-title":"Oral live Dirofilaria repens infection","volume":"111","author":"Velev","year":"2018","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9290.135932","article-title":"Oral dirofilariasis","volume":"25","author":"Janardhanan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2019.101960","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis of buccal mucosa \u2013 first molecularly confirmed case and literature review","volume":"73","author":"Mom\u010dilovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Parasitol Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.167342","article-title":"Oral dirofilariasis","volume":"33","author":"Desai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_49_18","article-title":"Human oral dirofilariasis","volume":"8","author":"Spadigam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trop Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2014.05.006","article-title":"Oral dirofilariasis: report of a case arising in the buccal vestibular region","volume":"27","author":"Manuel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2016.02.004","article-title":"Submucosal nodule in buccal mucosa","volume":"122","author":"Daroit","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib217","first-page":"62","article-title":"Inguinal lymphadenitis due to invasion of Dirofilaria repens","volume":"92","author":"Ermakova","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ter Arkh"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00015480","article-title":"Human infection with Dirofilaria repens in Malaysia","volume":"70","author":"Shekhar","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib219","first-page":"533","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration of retroperitoneal human dirofilariasis with a pseudotumoral presentation","volume":"34","author":"Roussel","year":"1990","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib220","first-page":"97","article-title":"Human muscle dirofilariasis of difficult diagnosis","volume":"88","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib221","first-page":"585","article-title":"Intramuscular human Dirofilaria repens infection of the temporal region \u2013 case report and review of the literature","volume":"58","author":"Gheorghi\u0162\u0103","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rom J Morphol Embryol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/9209240","article-title":"The diversity of human dirofilariasis in Western Sri Lanka","volume":"2019","author":"Chandrasena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medmal.2018.03.009","article-title":"Autochthonous dirofilariasis in the temporal muscle","volume":"48","author":"Fournier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Mal Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2018.31216","article-title":"Dirofilariasis in the head and neck region. Case report","volume":"159","author":"And\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anorl.2014.03.004","article-title":"Intramasseteric dirofilariasis","volume":"131","author":"Rivi\u00e8re","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-023-08057-y","article-title":"Unusual cause of unilateral facial oedema: intramuscular dirofilariasis","volume":"280","author":"Dosemane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib227","first-page":"322","article-title":"Dirofilariosis infestation of pectoralis major muscle in Italy, a case report","volume":"174","author":"Napolitano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Ter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1963.12.888","article-title":"Dirofilariasis in man: report of a case from the state of Washington","volume":"12","author":"Welty","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.4103\/0377-4929.81620","article-title":"A case of Dirofilaria immitis presenting as an intramuscular soft tissue mass","volume":"54","author":"Teerthanath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10020251","article-title":"Molecular identification of new cases of human dirofilariosis (Dirofilaria repens) in Italy","volume":"10","author":"Gabrielli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz157","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz157","article-title":"The first case of elbow bursitis caused by Dirofilaria repens in humans","volume":"6","author":"Ko\u0142odziej","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.21823\/2311-2905-2016-22-3-117-121","article-title":"Dirofilariosis of tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus imitating dorsal hand ganglion cyst: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Sosnin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travmatol i Ortop Rossii"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.main.2010.10.012","article-title":"An unusual cause of hand nodule: peri-tendon dirofilariasis","volume":"30","author":"Saied","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chir Main"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-008-1031-4","article-title":"Der erste autochthone Fall einer subkutanen Dirofilariose in \u00d6sterreich","volume":"120","author":"Auer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wien Klin Wschr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1556\/650.2016.30554","article-title":"An unusual cause of the hand cyst: finger dirofilariasis","volume":"157","author":"Moln\u00e1r","year":"2016","journal-title":"Orv Hetil"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1986.35.988","article-title":"Dirofilaria from the index finger of a man in Costa Rica","volume":"35","author":"Beaver","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib237","first-page":"225","article-title":"Roundworm-associated median nerve compression: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/IPC.0b013e318279f192","article-title":"Dirofilaria tenuis Causing Neuritis","volume":"21","author":"Vincent","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib239","first-page":"169","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis in the Slovak Republic \u2013 a case report","volume":"17","author":"Ondriska","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib240","first-page":"225","article-title":"Roundworm-associated median nerve compression: a case report","volume":"33","author":"Ramirez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.21823\/2311-2905-2016-22-3-117-121","article-title":"Dirofilariosis of tendinous sheath of extensor pollicis longus imitating dorsal hand ganglion cyst: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Sosnin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Travmatol i Ortop Rossii"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2478\/s11687-011-0003-9","article-title":"Human dirofilariosis: the report of subcutaneous Dirofilaria repens infection in the Slovak Republic","volume":"48","author":"Nov\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2011","journal-title":"Helminthologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.2056","article-title":"A timed Phalen's test predicts abnormal electrophysiology in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Alanazy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib244","first-page":"96","article-title":"Epididymal dirofilariasis in a child: first case report from Bulgaria","volume":"28","author":"Velev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med PrincPract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.2478\/s11686-020-00170-w","article-title":"Pseudo-tumor of the epididymis, a rare clinical presentation of human dirofilaria repens infection: a report of autochthonous case of dirofilariasis in Southwestern Slovakia","volume":"65","author":"Boldi\u0161","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1179\/2047773212Y.0000000029","article-title":"Pseudo-tumor of the scrotum, a rare clinical presentation of dirofilariasis: a report of two autochtonous cases due to Dirofilaria repens","volume":"106","author":"Leccia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eimc.2014.04.002","article-title":"Thirty cases of human subcutaneous dirofilariasis reported in Rostov-on-Don (Southwestern Russian Federation)","volume":"33","author":"Ilyasov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.58739","article-title":"Dirofilariasis: a rare case report","volume":"28","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e539","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003706","article-title":"Testicular Dirofilariasis in an Italian 11-year-old child","volume":"41","author":"Pansini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2022.107753","article-title":"The clinical dilemma for acute scrotum in paediatrics: a rare etiology","volume":"100","author":"Sayanthan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib251","first-page":"155","article-title":"Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis. 1. Two new cases in Venice. Identification of the causal agent as Dirofilaria repens Raillet and Henry, 1911","volume":"24","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1982","journal-title":"Parassitologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v45i3.8114","article-title":"Male and female filarial worms Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens recovered from the scrotum","volume":"45","author":"Fernando","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib253","first-page":"715","article-title":"Dirofilariasis mimicking an acute scrotum","volume":"31","author":"Bertozzi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib254","first-page":"860","article-title":"An unusual case of Dirofilaria conjunctivae infection suspected to be malignancy of the spermatic cord","volume":"3","author":"Munichor","year":"2001","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.317","article-title":"Case report: unusual location of Dirofilaria immitis in a 28-year-old man necessitates orchiectomy","volume":"64","author":"Theis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib256","first-page":"231","article-title":"Unusual location of Dirofilaria immitis in a 5-year-old boy\u2019s hydrocele: a case report","volume":"20","author":"Salahi-Moghadam","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hormozgan Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0560.2011.01828.x","article-title":"Cutaneous dirofilariasis resulting in orchiectomy","volume":"39","author":"D'Amuri","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cutan Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-1768706","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens in a pediatric patient-first case report from Switzerland","volume":"11","author":"Rose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Surg Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/136387","article-title":"A rare clinical presentation of human Dirofilaria repens infection as a pseudo-tumour of the epididymis \u2013 case report","volume":"28","author":"Nagy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcw034","article-title":"Rare case of epididymal dirofilariasis","volume":"109","author":"Kaftandjiev","year":"2016","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2013-200775","article-title":"Nematode infection mimicking paratesticular malignancy","volume":"2013","author":"Kallampallil","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib262","first-page":"581","article-title":"Dirofilariasis in a female adult patient in Israel","volume":"19","author":"Govrin-Yehudain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00301.x","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens presenting as a subcutaneous nodule in the penis","volume":"84","author":"Stayerman","year":"1999","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14071633","article-title":"Testicular germ cell tumours and proprotein convertases","volume":"14","author":"Velado-Eguskiza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib265","first-page":"35","article-title":"Review of testicular tumor: diagnostic approach and management outcome in Africa","volume":"12","author":"Cassell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Res Rep Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3109\/13697137.2014.963964","article-title":"Inflammation and endometrial bleeding","volume":"17","author":"Berbic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2006.403","article-title":"A 52-year-old woman with a subcutaneous, slightly movable and painless nodule in the left breast","volume":"26","author":"Bezi\u0107","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib268","first-page":"116","article-title":"Dirofilariosis of the breast","volume":"4","author":"Figurnov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Far East Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1177\/030089169708300227","article-title":"Unusual breast lumps","volume":"83","author":"Bartoli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.1989.tb01654.x","article-title":"Dirofilariasis in Australia: unusual cause of a breast lump","volume":"59","author":"Bennett","year":"1989","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.4103\/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_239_18","article-title":"Dirofilariasis mimicking as a breast tumor: a report of two cases","volume":"12","author":"Kishan Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med J DY Patil Vidyapeeth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-198406000-00007","article-title":"Breast nodule produced by Dirofilaria tenuis","volume":"8","author":"Gutierrez","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1177\/003693300204700404","article-title":"Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis: a report of three cases manifesting as breast or axillary nodules","volume":"47","author":"Maltezos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scott Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/106689699900700308","article-title":"Mammary dirofilariasis: a case report","volume":"7","author":"Mrad","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1054\/brst.2001.0380","article-title":"Breast infection with Dirofilaria repens \u2013 first reported UK case","volume":"11","author":"Rust","year":"2002","journal-title":"Breast"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1002\/jcu.22139","article-title":"Dirofilariasis of the breast: sonographic appearance","volume":"42","author":"Cirilovic","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib277","first-page":"1575","article-title":"Dirofilariasis presenting as a breast lump","volume":"130","author":"Conly","year":"1984","journal-title":"Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib278","first-page":"327","article-title":"Dirofilariasis of the breast: two new cases in Tunisia","volume":"25","author":"Ben Hassouna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Sante Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib279","first-page":"87","article-title":"Complex radiological diagnosis of filariasis of the breast: clinical case","volume":"4","author":"Astafieva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Vis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2005.04.008","article-title":"An unusual parasitological finding in a subcutaneous mammary nodule","volume":"201","author":"Pampiglione","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2019.103125","article-title":"Infrared thermal imaging as a nonradiation method for detecting thermal expression characteristics in normal female breasts in China","volume":"104","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infrared Phys Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2021.09.012","article-title":"Human attractive cues and mosquito host-seeking behavior","volume":"38","author":"Coutinho-Abreu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00594","article-title":"The divergent function of androgen receptor in breast cancer; analysis of steroid mediators and tumor intracrinology","volume":"9","author":"Bleach","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300101024","article-title":"Breast infection due to dirofilariasis","volume":"12","author":"O'Reilly","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P3","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-S1-P3","article-title":"Recurrent subcutaneous human Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens after surgical removal of the worm and anthelmintic treatment","volume":"7","author":"Lup\u0219e","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2018.e00453","article-title":"Breast filariasis","volume":"14","author":"Barwad","year":"2018","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-243695","article-title":"62-year-old woman with PET-positive solitary pulmonary nodule","volume":"14","author":"Saha","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2022.03.006","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: a pitfall in solitary pulmonary nodule","volume":"28","author":"Silva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulmonology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.05.137","article-title":"Pulmonary coin lesion mimicking lung cancer reveals an unexpected finding: dirofilariaimmitis","volume":"10","author":"Grapatsas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(10)60460-2","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilarial granuloma","volume":"36","author":"Chesney","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofz049","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz049","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens infection mimicking lung melanoma metastasis","volume":"6","author":"Oliva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_423.x","article-title":"Detection of Dirofilaria (Nochtiella) repens DNA by polymerase chain reaction in embedded paraffin tissues from two human pulmonary locations","volume":"114","author":"Rivasi","year":"2006","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(02)00221-X","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: uncommon cause of pulmonary coin-lesion","volume":"22","author":"Rena","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1186\/s13019-018-0750-5","article-title":"A rare case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis with nodules mimicking malignancy: approach to diagnosis and treatment","volume":"13","author":"Ferrari","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-487.x","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis","volume":"29","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1996","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896915623362","article-title":"An unexpected pulmonary coin lesion","volume":"24","author":"Karpathiou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13859","article-title":"Cutaneous and pulmonary dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens","volume":"173","author":"Benzaquen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1007\/s00508-017-1233-8","article-title":"Human Dirofilaria repens infections diagnosed in Slovakia in the last 10 years (2007-2017)","volume":"129","author":"Miterp\u00e1kov\u00e1","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wien Klin Woche"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.221366","article-title":"Severe and rare case of human Dirofilaria repens infection with pleural and subcutaneous manifestations, Slovenia","volume":"28","author":"Biasizzo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X300904","article-title":"Three new cases of human infection with Dirofilaria repens, one pulmonary and two subcutaneous, in the Egyptian governorate of Assiut","volume":"102","author":"Abdel-Rahman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2016.03.023","article-title":"A rare case of human pulmonary dirofilariasis with a growing pulmonary nodule after migrating infiltration shadows, mimicking primary lung carcinoma","volume":"22","author":"Haro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-019-02614-9","article-title":"Thirteen cases of pulmonary dirofilariasis in a single institution in Okinawa Island","volume":"475","author":"Atsumi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(90)90762-U","article-title":"Bilateral pulmonary nodules caused by Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"50","author":"Bradham","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(89)90205-0","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis: the great imitator of primary or metastatic lung tumor. A clinicopathologic analysis of seven cases and a review of the literature","volume":"20","author":"Ro","year":"1989","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semdp.2017.06.004","article-title":"Histopathology of parasitic infections of the lung","volume":"34","author":"Boland","year":"2017","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)35339-5","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis. The largest single-institution experience","volume":"97","author":"Risher","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib307","first-page":"1001","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis showing a podlike nodule connecting with pulmonary artery branch","volume":"58","author":"Kanauchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2008.01.007","article-title":"A case of Dirofilaria pulmonary infection coexisting with lung cancer","volume":"56","author":"Mulanovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.3.729","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: analysis of 24 cases from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","volume":"112","author":"Milanez de Campos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1964.00280110082016","article-title":"Pulmonary infarct secondary to Dirofilaria Larvae","volume":"113","author":"Goodman","year":"1964","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.63","article-title":"Dirofilaria causing infarct in human lung","volume":"19","author":"Yoshimura","year":"1970","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03120010089027","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis manifesting as a \"coin\" lesion. A case report","volume":"199","author":"Tuazon","year":"1967","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/1994014379","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis in man: a new Italian case. Review of the European literature","volume":"1","author":"Pampiglione","year":"1994","journal-title":"Parasite"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.189.307","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis: report of six cases","volume":"189","author":"Hiroshima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.82.2.389","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis: heartworm infection alters pulmonary artery endothelial cell behavior","volume":"82","author":"Mupanomunda","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(92)90175-A","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis: do filarial cyclooxygenase products depress endothelium-dependent relaxation in the in vitro rat aorta?","volume":"75","author":"Kaiser","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Emerging and established parasitic lung infestations","volume":"24","author":"Vijayan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0461-2018","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis with secondary myocarditis","volume":"52","author":"Doltr\u00e1rio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1159\/000029235","article-title":"Multiple pulmonary nodules","volume":"65","author":"Breitenb\u00fccher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib320","first-page":"40","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis presenting as a solitary pulmonary nodule: a case report and a brief review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Biswas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respir Med Case Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib321","first-page":"685","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis with cavity formation and spontaneous regression","volume":"34","author":"Kuraki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Nihon Kyobu Shikkan Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-5-777_2","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilarial infection","volume":"106","author":"Farber","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235528","article-title":"Are transient pulmonary solitary nodules a common event in human dirofilariosis?","volume":"70","author":"Cordero","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.03091070","article-title":"Transient solitary pulmonary nodule caused by Dirofilariaimmitis","volume":"3","author":"Cordero","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1997.11443494","article-title":"A solitary pulmonary nodule in a long-term smoker","volume":"32","author":"Lewin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hosp Pract (1995)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830567","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis mimicking lung tumor with chest wall and mediastinal invasion","volume":"53","author":"Foroulis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.2930440415","article-title":"Pulmonary coin lesions caused by Dirofilaria immitis","volume":"44","author":"Bailey","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-97-1-140_2","article-title":"Benign pulmonary nodule and small-cell cancer","volume":"97","author":"Ardman","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.32.5.612","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis: report of a human case","volume":"32","author":"Leonardi","year":"1977","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350060191033","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis and transitional cell carcinoma. Benign lung nodules mimicking metastatic malignant neoplasms","volume":"143","author":"Kahn","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.142323","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis in a Caucasian patient with metastasised osteosarcoma in a non-endemic European region","volume":"66","author":"Schmidt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib332","first-page":"21","article-title":"A case of pulmonary dirofilariasis with cavity formation","volume":"25","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Jpn Ass Thor Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12102","article-title":"Helminths in the lungs","volume":"36","author":"Craig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230351","article-title":"Human neural larva migrans caused by Ophidascaris robertsi Ascarid","volume":"29","author":"Hossain","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.10.003","article-title":"Advances in the treatment, diagnosis, control and scientific understanding of taeniid cestode parasite infections over the past 50 years","volume":"51","author":"Lightowlers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens11060622","article-title":"Anisakid nematodes and potential risk of human anisakiasis through the consumption of hake, Merluccius spp., sold fresh in Spanish Supermarkets","volume":"11","author":"Fuentes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib337","first-page":"394","article-title":"A case of pulmonary dirofilariasis that required differentiation from nontuberculous mycobacteriosis","volume":"44","author":"Niimi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nihon Kokyuki Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib338","first-page":"205","article-title":"Mycobacterium gordonae pulmonary infection in an immunocompetent adult","volume":"2","author":"Mazumder","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2307\/3272656","article-title":"Discovery of human heartworm infection in New Orleans","volume":"27","author":"Faust","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1965.14.117","article-title":"A human case of Dirofilaria immitis infection","volume":"14","author":"Abadie","year":"1965","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.966","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis infection in man: report of a case of the infection in heart and inferior vena cava from Japan","volume":"30","author":"Takeuchi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(85)80190-8","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis in a portacaval shunt","volume":"16","author":"Goldstein","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.3390\/foods12132465","article-title":"Food allergies and parasites in children","volume":"12","author":"Packi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10101847","article-title":"Dirofilaria immitis could be a risk factor for the development of allergic diseases in humans","volume":"10","author":"Montoya-Alonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-018-5774-1","article-title":"The Canary Islands as a model of risk of pulmonary dirofilariasis in a hyperendemic area","volume":"117","author":"Cabrera","year":"2018","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1610-0387.2006.06056.x","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens infection case in Hungary: a case report","volume":"4","author":"P\u00f3nyai","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dtsch Dermatol Ges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1186\/s13223-018-0283-4","article-title":"Anaphylaxis","volume":"14","author":"Fischer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2042","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-1360","article-title":"Case report: molecular detection of Dirofilaria repens in an Italian patient after a stay in Tanzania","volume":"104","author":"Raele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib349","series-title":"Insect-Borne Diseases in the 21st Century","first-page":"99","article-title":"Three scenarios in insect-borne diseases","author":"Nicoletti","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-29634-2.00001-8","article-title":"Syndromal tropical dermatology","author":"Tyring","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trop Dermatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2021.08.006","article-title":"Macrocyclic lactone resistance in Dirofilaria immitis: risks for prevention of heartworm disease","volume":"51","author":"Prichard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.11.024","article-title":"Dirofilarial adult worms can also dance","volume":"27","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1067\/j.cpradiol.2019.07.001","article-title":"Imaging findings of subcutaneous human dirofilariasis","volume":"50","author":"Alam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Probl Diagn Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.50.753","article-title":"Live adult worms detected by ultrasonography in human Bancroftian filariasis","volume":"50","author":"Amaral","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0000000000000675","article-title":"From anatomy to functional and molecular biomarker imaging and therapy: ultrasound is safe, ultrafast, portable, and inexpensive","volume":"55","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13091551","article-title":"Animal and human dirofilariasis in India and Sri Lanka: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Thilakarathne","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200411000-00011","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis: computed tomography findings and correlation with pathologic features","volume":"28","author":"Oshiro","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib358","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case report","volume":"29","author":"Hawkins","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.3.851","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis. The largest single-hospital experience","volume":"102","author":"Asimacopoulos","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib360","first-page":"656","article-title":"Pulmonary dirofilariasis diagnosed by computerised tomography scan controlled percutaneous needle aspiration","volume":"15","author":"Kelly","year":"1985","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.773041","article-title":"Differentiation between malignant and benign pulmonary nodules by using automated three-dimensional high-resolution representation learning with fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography","volume":"9","author":"Lai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2014.042","article-title":"Dirofilaria (dog heartworm): a rare cause of pulmonary nodules in the United States","volume":"16","author":"Caposole","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/01.rti.0000181524.95015.ea","article-title":"PET findings in pulmonary dirofilariasis","volume":"20","author":"Moore","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12020196","article-title":"Subcutaneous dirofilariosis of the eyelid brought to Poland from the Endemic Territory of Ukraine","volume":"12","author":"Rymgay\u0142\u0142o-Jankowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.125275","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens presenting as a premasseteric nodule","volume":"94","author":"Latifo\u011flu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90003-3","article-title":"Serologic diagnosis of zoonotic pulmonary dirofilariasis","volume":"80","author":"Glickman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib367","first-page":"249","article-title":"Evaluation of a 22 kDa Dirofilaria immitis antigen for the immunodiagnosis of human pulmonary dirofilariosis","volume":"45","author":"Perera","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X00014590","article-title":"Immunodiagnosis of human dirofilariasis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant DNA-derived fusion protein","volume":"66","author":"Sun","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Helminthol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.02.008","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens in the Russian Federation: current epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment from a federal reference center perspective","volume":"23","author":"Ermakova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.4103\/0255-0857.71836","article-title":"Human subcutaneous dirofilariasis in India: a report of three cases with brief review of literature","volume":"28","author":"Khurana","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9060499","article-title":"Comparison of diagnostic tools for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs","volume":"9","author":"Panarese","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-48","article-title":"Morphometric analyses of canine blood microfilariae isolated by the Knott's test enables Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens species-specific and Acanthocheilonema (syn. Dipetalonema) genus-specific diagnosis","volume":"6","author":"Magnis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.29374\/2527-2179.bjvm000223","article-title":"Refrigerated modified Knott concentrate enables long-term morphological viability of canine blood microfilariae","volume":"45","author":"Zanfagnini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Braz J Vet Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06116-8","article-title":"Selection of new diagnostic markers for Dirofilaria repens infections with the use of phage display technology","volume":"12","author":"P\u0119kacz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2020.1795190","article-title":"Formaldehyde toxicity reports from in vitro and in vivo studies: a review and updated data","volume":"45","author":"Bernardini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2021.109555","article-title":"Evaluation of alternative reagents on the performance of the modified Knott's test","volume":"298","author":"Genchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1515\/ap-2018-0077","article-title":"Dirofilaria repens infection as a cause of intensive peripheral microfilariemia in a Polish patient: process description and cases review","volume":"63","author":"K\u0142udkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib378","first-page":"187","article-title":"The first autochthonous infection with Dirofilaria repens in a child in Poland","volume":"8","author":"Mazur-Melewska","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(84)80004-0","article-title":"Diagnostic features of zoonotic filariae in tissue sections","volume":"15","author":"Gutierrez","year":"1984","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib380","first-page":"854","article-title":"Subcutaneous and cardiopulmonary dirofilariasis in a dog","volume":"62","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.2.366","article-title":"Zoonotic filariasis","volume":"11","author":"Orihel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.04.028","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of parasitic diseases: current scenario and future needs","volume":"25","author":"Mom\u010dilovi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1425_15","article-title":"Molecular characterization of human Dirofilaria isolates from Kerala","volume":"146","author":"Nazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0b013e3181c563e9","article-title":"A technique for capturing migratory periocular worms: a case series and review of literature","volume":"26","author":"Tse","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(84)34302-0","article-title":"Ocular Loa Loa with cryoprobe extraction of subconjunctival worm","volume":"91","author":"Geldelman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.34197\/ats-scholar.2020-0090OC","article-title":"Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: a model global learning framework","volume":"2","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2021","journal-title":"ATS Sch"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.07.016","article-title":"Human pulmonary dirofilariasis coexisting with intercostal neurilemmoma: a case report and literature review","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2021.59.3.189","article-title":"Albendazole and mebendazole as anti-parasitic and anti-cancer agents: an update","volume":"59","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Korean J Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00317-21","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine in patients with lymphatic filariasis and healthy individuals","volume":"65","author":"Bala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2018.1498821","article-title":"Effectiveness of annual single doses of diethylcarbamazine citrate among bancroftian filariasis infected individuals in an endemic area under mass drug administration in Brazil","volume":"112","author":"da Silva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pathog Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00419-23","article-title":"Diethylcarbamazine elicits Ca2+ signals through TRP-2 channels that are potentiated by emodepside in Brugiamalayi muscles","volume":"67","author":"Williams","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib392","first-page":"21","article-title":"Filariasis control with diethylcarbamazine in three major endemic areas in Japan","volume":"39","author":"Tada","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Med Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822012000600017","article-title":"Adverse reactions following mass drug administration with diethylcarbamazine in lymphatic filariasis endemic areas in the Northeast of Brazil","volume":"45","author":"Lima","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05762-9","article-title":"New paradigms in research on Dirofilariaimmitis","volume":"16","author":"Geary","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.02.004","article-title":"Ivermectin \u2013 old drug, new tricks?","volume":"33","author":"Laing","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009354","article-title":"Serious adverse reactions associated with ivermectin: a systematic pharmacovigilance study in sub-Saharan Africa and in the rest of the World","volume":"15","author":"Campillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0042","article-title":"Serious neurological adverse events after ivermectin\u2014do they occur beyond the indication of onchocerciasis?","volume":"98","author":"Chandler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkz524","article-title":"Safety of high-dose ivermectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"75","author":"Navarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-018-9727-z","article-title":"Doxycycline treatment for Dirofilaria immitis in dogs: impact on Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus antimicrobial resistance","volume":"42","author":"Tejedor-Junco","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Res Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-023-05704-5","article-title":"Inability of Dirofilaria immitis infective larvae from mosquitoes fed on blood from microfilaremic dogs during low-dose and short-treatment regimens of doxycycline and ivermectin to complete normal development in heartworm na\u00efve dogs","volume":"16","author":"McCall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2020.109057","article-title":"Novel anti-Wolbachia drugs, a new approach in the treatment and prevention of veterinary filariasis?","volume":"279","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib402","series-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","article-title":"Doxycycline Hyclate","author":"Patel","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460_bib403","article-title":"Albendazole alone or in combination with microfilaricidal drugs for lymphatic filariasis","volume":"1","author":"Macfarlane","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325000544?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325000544?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T20:01:42Z","timestamp":1777492902000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445325000544"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":403,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445325000544"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human dirofilariasis \u2013 A potentially significant nematode zoonosis in an era of climate change","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106460","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106460"}}