{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T07:31:14Z","timestamp":1792913474963,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741046400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,13]],"date-time":"2025-03-13T20:51:09Z","timestamp":1741899069000},"page":"106468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of invasive group A streptococcus in community settings: Evidence review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"90","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2617-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicky","family":"Watts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Usdin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Mearkle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiranee","family":"Sriskandan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Cordery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Millership","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Saliba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2335-4878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Edmundson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjali","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin S.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sooria","family":"Balasegaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3965-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Theresa","family":"Lamagni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-7263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Decraene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. The current evidence for the burden of Group A streptococcal diseases. World Health Organisation; 2005. Report number: WHO\/FCH\/CAH\/05.07."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib2","unstructured":"Efstratiou A, Lamagni T. Epidemiology of Streptococcus pyogenes. In: Ferretti JJ, Stevens DL, Fischetti VA, editors. Streptococcus pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations. 2nd ed. Oklahoma City (OK): University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center. \u00a9 The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center.; 2022."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1086\/521264","article-title":"The epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal infection and potential vaccine implications: United States, 2000-2004","volume":"45","author":"O'Loughlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1508.090264","article-title":"Predictors of death after severe Streptococcus pyogenes infection","volume":"15","author":"Lamagni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw248","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Group A streptococcal infections in the United States, 2005-2012","volume":"63","author":"Nelson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01054.x","article-title":"The epidemiology of invasive group A streptococcal disease in Victoria, Australia","volume":"186","author":"O'Grady","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006335","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis and pharyngeal carriage: a meta-analysis","volume":"12","author":"Oliver","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.03.001","article-title":"Asymptomatic group A Streptococcal throat carriage in Royal Marines recruits and Young Officers","volume":"74","author":"Pearson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548809032477","article-title":"Throat carrier rates of beta-hemolytic streptococci among healthy adults and children","volume":"20","author":"Str\u00f6mberg","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib10","first-page":"347","article-title":"The throat carrier rate of group A and other beta hemolytic streptococci among patients in general practice","volume":"93","author":"Hoffmann","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Immunol Scand B"},{"issue":"463","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib11","first-page":"101","article-title":"High group A streptococcal carriage in the Orthodox Jewish community of north Hackney","volume":"51","author":"Spitzer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"6998","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.6998.193","article-title":"Rate of carriage of group A beta haemolytic streptococci","volume":"311","author":"Ditchburn","year":"1995","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608223350803","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in Ontario, Canada. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group","volume":"335","author":"Davies","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e366","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(21)00332-3","article-title":"Frequency of transmission, asymptomatic shedding, and airborne spread of <em>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/em> in schoolchildren exposed to scarlet fever: a prospective, longitudinal, multicohort, molecular epidemiological, contact-tracing study in England, UK","volume":"3","author":"Cordery","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070888","article-title":"Severe Streptococcus pyogenes infections, United Kingdom, 2003-2004","volume":"14","author":"Lamagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001674","article-title":"Estimating the risk of invasive group A Streptococcus infection in care home residents in England, 2009-2010","volume":"145","author":"Saavedra-Campos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib17","unstructured":"Lamagni T, Efstratiou A, Blackburn R, Kearney J, Davison P, Dance D, et al. Resurgence of group A streptococcal disease in England, 2008\/09. Poster session presented at: European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Oct. 2009; Stockholm, Sweden."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2011.11.017","article-title":"Control measures for invasive group A streptococci (iGAS) outbreaks in care homes","volume":"64","author":"Cummins","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib19","first-page":"772","article-title":"Invasive group a streptococcal disease in nursing homes, Minnesota, 1995-2006","volume":"14","author":"Rainbow","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib20","unstructured":"UKHSA. Laboratory surveillance of pyogenic and non-pyogenic streptococcal bacteraemia (England: 2022 update): appendix. November 2023. \u3008https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/655b87ec046ed400148b9c7a\/hpr1423-annual-strep-2022-appendix.xlsx\u3009 [Accessed 18\/09\/2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib21","unstructured":"UKHSA. UK guidelines for the management of contacts of invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) infection in community settings; 2023. \u3008https:\/\/assets.publishing.service.gov.uk\/media\/64071ec5d3bf7f25fa417a91\/Management-of-contacts-of-invasive-group-a-streptococcus.pdf\u3009 [Accessed 26 September 2024]."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.19.30532","article-title":"Household transmission of invasive group A Streptococcus infections in England: a population-based study, 2009, 2011 to 2013","volume":"22","author":"Mearkle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz716","article-title":"Evaluating household transmission of invasive group A Streptococcus disease in the United States using population-based surveillance data, 2013-2016","volume":"70","author":"Adebanjo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4094","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00070-11","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in France in 2007","volume":"49","author":"Lepoutre","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20443","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.14.20443","article-title":"Increased incidence of invasive group A streptococcal infections in Sweden, January 2012-February 2013","volume":"18","author":"Darenberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00422-08","article-title":"Epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes disease in Europe","volume":"46","author":"Lamagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1086\/514632","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in metropolitan Atlanta: a population-based assessment","volume":"27","author":"Zurawski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.4.467","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic features of group a streptococcal pneumonia in Ontario, Canada","volume":"163","author":"Muller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1678","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1678-1683.2005","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in Alberta, Canada (2000 to 2002)","volume":"43","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00672-1","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in pregnant women and young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"22","author":"Sherwood","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00186-6","article-title":"Improving maternal outcomes through early recognition, rapid notification, and investigation of invasive GAS infection","volume":"4","author":"Lamagni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir325","article-title":"Incidence and severity of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae, group A Streptococcus, and group B Streptococcus infections among pregnant and postpartum women","volume":"53","author":"Deutscher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.14500","article-title":"Outcomes and management of pregnancy and puerperal group A streptococcal infections: a systematic review","volume":"102","author":"Harris","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit282","article-title":"Pregnancy-related group a streptococcal infections: temporal relationships between bacterial acquisition, infection onset, clinical findings, and outcome","volume":"57","author":"Hamilton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001672","article-title":"Severe maternal sepsis in the UK, 2011-2012: a national case-control study","volume":"11","author":"Acosta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1506","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.13551","article-title":"Progression from severe sepsis in pregnancy to death: a UK population-based case-control analysis","volume":"122","author":"Mohamed-Ahmed","year":"2015","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15415","article-title":"Severe group A streptococcal infections in mothers and their newborns in London and the South East, 2010-2016: assessment of risk and audit of public health management","volume":"126","author":"Leonard","year":"2019","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.105.5.e60","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease in children and association with varicella-zoster virus infection. Ontario Group A Streptococcal Study Group","volume":"105","author":"Laupland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1086\/428614","article-title":"Varicella-associated invasive group A streptococcal disease in Alberta, Canada--2000-2002","volume":"40","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.02.012","article-title":"The associations between invasive group A streptococcal disease and infection with influenza, varicella, or hepatitis C viruses: a data linkage study, Victoria, Australia","volume":"141","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000945","article-title":"Invasive Group A Streptococcal infections in children: a nationwide survey in Finland","volume":"35","author":"Tapiainen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.1.2200941","article-title":"Increase in invasive group A streptococcal (Streptococcus pyogenes) infections (iGAS) in young children in the Netherlands, 2022","volume":"28","author":"de Gier","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e318195bb10","article-title":"Clinical and microbiologic characteristics of group A streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in children","volume":"28","author":"Minodier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01821.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Germany, 1996-2002: results from a voluntary laboratory surveillance system","volume":"13","author":"Wahl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2011.00788.x","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease and association with varicella in Germany, 1996-2009","volume":"62","author":"Im\u00f6hl","year":"2011","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.5.e79","article-title":"Severe complications of varicella in previously healthy children in Germany: a 1-year survey","volume":"108","author":"Ziebold","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2003.10.025","article-title":"Reduction in pediatric hospitalizations for varicella-related invasive group a streptococcal infections in the varicella vaccine era","volume":"144","author":"Patel","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ793","article-title":"Clinical and microbiological characteristics of invasive group A Streptococcal infections before and after implementation of a Universal Varicella Vaccine Program","volume":"62","author":"Fr\u00e8re","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/jpids\/piz013","article-title":"Invasive group A Streptococcus infection in children in Southern Israel before and after the introduction of Varicella vaccine","volume":"9","author":"Hasin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis Soc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.4.698","article-title":"Bacterial complications of primary varicella in children","volume":"23","author":"Aebi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199804000-00003","article-title":"Invasive disease due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococci: continued occurrence in children in North Carolina","volume":"91","author":"Givner","year":"1998","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"3 Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.96.3.428","article-title":"Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia: historical overview, changing incidence, and recent association with varicella","volume":"96","author":"Doctor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199306000-00004","article-title":"Group A streptococcal bacteremia in a mid-south children's hospital","volume":"86","author":"Leggiadro","year":"1993","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0929-693X(04)00410-5","article-title":"[Evaluation of varicella complications through a retrospective hospital survey in a paediatric center over 16 years in France]","volume":"11","author":"Mallet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-199602000-00011","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in children with varicella in Southern California","volume":"15","author":"Vugia","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02830836","article-title":"Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia","volume":"71","author":"Abuhammour","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1157\/13077453","article-title":"[Hospitalizations for varicella in the Hospital Infantil La Fe, Valencia,Spain, 2001-2004]","volume":"63","author":"Piqueras Arenas","year":"2005","journal-title":"An Pediatr (Barc)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-023-04568-y","article-title":"Incidence and clinical and microbiological features of invasive and probable invasive streptococcal group A infections in children and adults in the Brussels-Capital Region, 2005-2020","volume":"42","author":"Zangarini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(96)70117-8","article-title":"Children hospitalized for varicella: a prevaccine review","volume":"129","author":"Peterson","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2015-309831","article-title":"When should clinicians suspect group A streptococcus empyema in children? A multicentre case-control study in French tertiary care centres","volume":"101","author":"Bellulo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"40","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib61","first-page":"944","article-title":"Outbreak of invasive group A Streptococcus associated with varicella in a childcare center \u2013 Boston, Massachusetts, 1997","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib62","article-title":"First reported cluster of overwhelming group A streptococcal septicaemia and associated chickenpox infection in the UK","volume":"2009","author":"Nyman","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70466-2","article-title":"Interactions between influenza and bacterial respiratory pathogens: implications for pandemic preparedness","volume":"6","author":"Brundage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01041","article-title":"Secondary bacterial infections associated with influenza pandemics","volume":"8","author":"Morris","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1999.tb01389.x","article-title":"Respiratory viral infection predisposing for bacterial disease: a concise review","volume":"26","author":"Hament","year":"1999","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12658","article-title":"Associations between common respiratory viruses and invasive group A streptococcal infection: a time-series analysis","volume":"13","author":"de Gier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00297.x","article-title":"Invasive bacterial infections following influenza: a time-series analysis in Montr\u00e9al, Canada, 1996-2008","volume":"6","author":"Allard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad270","article-title":"Epidemiological impact of the pediatric Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine (LAIV) program on Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection in England","volume":"10","author":"Sinnathamby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229911","article-title":"A systematic review on the causes of the transmission and control measures of outbreaks in long-term care facilities: Back to basics of infection control","volume":"15","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2908.230569","article-title":"Increase of severe pulmonary infections in adults caused by M1(UK) Streptococcus pyogenes, Central Scotland, UK","volume":"29","author":"Davies","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.05.19785-en","article-title":"Increase in invasive Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections in England, December 2010 to January 2011","volume":"16","author":"Zakikhany","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir726","article-title":"Invasive bacterial infections in relation to influenza outbreaks, 2006-2010","volume":"53","author":"Tasher","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004199","article-title":"Bloodstream infections in children hospitalized for influenza, the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT)","volume":"43","author":"Modler","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-308","article-title":"Co-infection of Influenza B and Streptococci causing severe pneumonia and septic shock in healthy women","volume":"10","author":"Aebi","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.16.05.19780-en","article-title":"Group A streptococcal infections during the seasonal influenza outbreak 2010\/11 in South East England","volume":"16","author":"Scaber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"27-28","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.04.041","article-title":"Influenza immunization and subsequent diagnoses of group A streptococcus-illnesses among U.S. Army trainees, 2002-2006","volume":"26","author":"Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ1032","article-title":"The impact of obesity and diabetes on the risk of disease and death due to invasive group A Streptococcus infections in adults","volume":"62","author":"Langley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0908.020745","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal disease: risk factors for adults","volume":"9","author":"Factor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2020.06.007","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in North West England: epidemiology, risk factors and fatal infection","volume":"186","author":"Blagden","year":"2020","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s15010-002-1182-6","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infections in a large tertiary center: epidemiology, characteristics and outcome","volume":"30","author":"Ben-Abraham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.1.124","article-title":"Epidemic streptococcal disease among Army trainees, July 1989 through June 1991","volume":"172","author":"Gunzenhauser","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400023135","article-title":"An outbreak of streptococcal sore throat and rheumatic fever in a Royal Air Force training camp; significance of serum antibody to M-associated protein","volume":"72","author":"Widdowson","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1086\/427502","article-title":"Pneumonia outbreak associated with group a Streptococcus species at a military training facility","volume":"40","author":"Crum","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.97.6.964","article-title":"Epidemiology and control of acute respiratory diseases with emphasis on group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus: a decade of U.S. Army experience","volume":"97","author":"Brundage","year":"1996","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400070492","article-title":"A large outbreak of streptococcal pyoderma in a military training establishment","volume":"89","author":"Cruickshank","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e197","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/usy198","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus Outbreak in a Canadian Armed Forces Training Facility","volume":"184","author":"Hammond-Collins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v46i09a03","article-title":"Adverse events following mass antibiotic prophylaxis during a Group A Streptococcus outbreak in the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School","volume":"46","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v46i09a02","article-title":"Three sequential outbreaks of Group A Streptococcus over a two-year period at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School, St. Jean Garrison, Qu\u00e9bec","volume":"46","author":"Strauss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/163.10.667","article-title":"Streptococcus pyogenes transmission among Air Force recruits: efficacy of surveillance and prophylaxis protocols","volume":"163","author":"Peters","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00039-14","article-title":"Respiratory infections in the U.S. Military: recent experience and control","volume":"28","author":"Sanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2018.10.023","article-title":"Chemoprophylaxis against group A streptococcus during military training","volume":"118","author":"Webber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib92","first-page":"232","article-title":"Population-based surveillance of invasive group A streptococcal disease in British Columbia: 1996 to 1998","volume":"12","author":"Bjorson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1911","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2510.181408","article-title":"Risk for invasive Streptococcal infections among adults experiencing homelessness, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, 2002-2015","volume":"25","author":"Mosites","year":"2019","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3718","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa787","article-title":"Invasive Group A Streptococcal infections among people who inject drugs and people experiencing homelessness in the United States, 2010-2017","volume":"73","author":"Valenciano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02076.x","article-title":"Epidemic of severe Streptococcus pyogenes infections in injecting drug users in the UK, 2003-2004","volume":"14","author":"Lamagni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-019-00258-5","article-title":"Risk factors associated with group A Streptococcus acquisition in a large, urban homeless shelter outbreak","volume":"111","author":"Dohoo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy429","article-title":"Risk factors for group A Streptococcus colonization during an outbreak among people experiencing homelessness in Anchorage, Alaska, 2017","volume":"67","author":"Adebanjo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1097\/01.md.0000224707.24392.52","article-title":"Group A streptococcal infections in injection drug users in Barcelona, Spain: epidemiologic, clinical, and microbiologic analysis of 3 clusters of cases from 2000 to 2003","volume":"85","author":"Sierra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy177","article-title":"Increasing rates of invasive Group A Streptococcal disease in Alberta, Canada; 2003-2017","volume":"5","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib100","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency. iGAS Situation report number 28. 15 January 2010. Unpublished."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001260","article-title":"Numerous outbreaks amongst homeless and injection drug-using populations raise concerns of an evolving syndemic in London, Canada","volume":"148","author":"Turner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v45i01a03","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infection outbreaks of typeemm118 in a long-term care facility, and of type emm74 in the homeless population, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec","volume":"45","author":"Pilon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"7-8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.14745\/ccdr.v44i78a06","article-title":"Community outbreak of invasive group A streptococcus infection in Ontario, Canada","volume":"44","author":"Dickson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02201-15","article-title":"High incidence of invasive group A Streptococcus disease caused by strains of uncommon emm types in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada","volume":"54","author":"Athey","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy085","article-title":"Canada-wide epidemic of emm74 Group A Streptococcus invasive disease","volume":"5","author":"Teatero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1086\/657068","article-title":"Epidemic of group A Streptococcus M\/emm59 causing invasive disease in Canada","volume":"51","author":"Tyrrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00191-17","article-title":"Epidemiological and molecular characterization of an invasive group A Streptococcus emm32.2 outbreak","volume":"55","author":"Cornick","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.3.30446","article-title":"Ongoing outbreak of invasive and non-invasive disease due to group A Streptococcus (GAS) type emm66 among homeless and people who inject drugs in England and Wales, January to December 2016","volume":"22","author":"Bundle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2017.08.011","article-title":"Outbreak of group A Streptococcus emm94.0 affecting people who inject drugs in southwest England, April 2017","volume":"46","author":"Kwiatkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix921","article-title":"Outbreak of invasive infections from subtype emm26.3 Group A Streptococcus among homeless adults-Anchorage, Alaska, 2016-2017","volume":"66","author":"Mosites","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6808a5","article-title":"Notes from the field: identifying risk behaviors for invasive group A Streptococcus infections among persons who inject drugs and persons experiencing homelessness \u2013 New Mexico, May 2018","volume":"68","author":"Valenciano","year":"2019","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.14807","article-title":"Group A streptococcal bacteraemia at a tertiary hospital in Melbourne: concern of an under-reported risk group in Australia","volume":"51","author":"Attwood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400063403","article-title":"Streptococcal infection in a Junior Detention Centre: a five-year study","volume":"85","author":"Colling","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1086\/345670","article-title":"Tonsillopharyngitis caused by foodborne group A Streptococcus: a prison-based outbreak","volume":"36","author":"Levy","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib115","first-page":"23","article-title":"Genomic analysis of group A Streptococcus isolated during a correctional facility outbreak of MRSA in 2004","volume":"7","author":"Lynch","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib116","unstructured":"Utsi L. Senior Epidemiology Scientist. Personal communication; 3 July 2024."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1136\/jramc-2013-000134","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections in the military","volume":"159","author":"Lamb","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Army Med Corps"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1101.040559","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infection in high school football players, New York City, 2003","volume":"11","author":"Manning","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8502","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90015-2","article-title":"Scrum kidney: epidemic pyoderma caused by a nephritogenic Streptococcus pyogenes in a rugby team","volume":"2","author":"Ludlam","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib120","article-title":"Soft tissue infections in Belgian rugby players due to Streptococcus pyogenes emm type 81","volume":"11","author":"Quoilin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Surveill"},{"issue":"9004","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90925-3","article-title":"Group A streptococcal skin infections after indoor association football tournament","volume":"347","author":"Falck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7745","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(72)90303-0","article-title":"Epidemic pyoderma caused by nephritogenic streptococci in college athletes","volume":"1","author":"Glezen","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2013.10.004","article-title":"Group A Streptococcus pharyngitis outbreak among university students in a judo club","volume":"20","author":"Aoki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01156","article-title":"An emm5 group A Streptococcal outbreak among workers in a factory manufacturing telephone accessories","volume":"8","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib125","unstructured":"Marques D, et al. Outbreak of influenza B and group A streptococcal co-infection among international travellers on a coach tour of Scottish Highlands & Islands, May 2018. European Scientific Conference on Applied Infectious Disease Epidemiology (ESCAIDE). 21\u201323 November 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S93","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)02095-0","article-title":"Surge of lower respiratory tract group A streptococcal infections in England in winter 2022: epidemiology and clinical profile","volume":"402","author":"Wrenn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004418","article-title":"Epidemiology and management of pediatric group A Streptococcal pneumonia with parapneumonic effusion: an observational study","volume":"43","author":"Lees","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-024-01249-7","article-title":"Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of critically ill patients with invasive group A Streptococcus infections: a Belgian multicenter case-series","volume":"14","author":"Peetermans","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib129","unstructured":"Public Health Wales. Four Nations rapid review of iGAS deaths in children; 2024. \u3008https:\/\/phw.nhs.wales\/services-and-teams\/child-death-review\/child-death-review-publications\/4-nations-igas-report\/\u3009 [Accessed 26\/09\/2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib130","unstructured":"Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu. Groep A-streptokokkeninfectie; 2023. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/lci.rivm.nl\/groep-streptokokkeninfectie#-1-maatregelen-bij-invasieve-infecties-en-puerperale-koorts-of-sepsis\u3009 [Accessed 13\/12\/24]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib131","unstructured":"Australian Government. Department of Health and Aged Care. Invasive Group A Streptococcal (iGAS) Disease. CDNA National Guidelines for Public Health Units; 2024. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.health.gov.au\/sites\/default\/files\/2024\u201301\/invasive-group-a-streptococcal-igas-disease-cdna-national-guidelines-for-public-health-units_0.pdf\u3009 [Accessed 13\/12\/2024]."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1086\/342692","article-title":"Prevention of invasive group A streptococcal disease among household contacts of case patients and among postpartum and postsurgical patients: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","volume":"35","author":"Prevention of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Workshop Participants","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib133","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada. Guidelines for the Prevention and Control of Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease. Supplement. Canada Communicable Disease Report; 2006. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/migration\/phac-aspc\/publicat\/ccdr-rmtc\/06pdf\/32s2_e.pdf\u3009 [Accessed 13\/12\/2027]."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1086\/652291","article-title":"Invasive group A streptococcal infection concurrent with 2009 H1N1 influenza","volume":"50","author":"Jean","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325000623?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325000623?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T09:31:14Z","timestamp":1762248674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445325000623"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":134,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445325000623"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antibiotic chemoprophylaxis for close contacts of invasive group A streptococcus in community settings: Evidence review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106468","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106468"}}