{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T14:30:26Z","timestamp":1790605826886,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T16:44:57Z","timestamp":1753116297000},"page":"106558","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Umrah- and travel-associated meningococcal disease due to multiple serogroup W ST-11 sub-strains pre-Hajj 2024"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Jay","family":"Lucidarme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ala-Eddine","family":"Deghmane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shalabh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Meilleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"M\u00f6lling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7585-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Claus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2695-5863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina M.","family":"van Sorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7827-8887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Bettencourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1453-0315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Bajanca-Lavado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond S.W.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominique A.","family":"Caugant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Stefanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Neri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Tzanakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8036-2911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiswarya","family":"Lekshmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9840-8917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helen","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen A.","family":"Clark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma J.","family":"Heymer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9641-4392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Willerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6356-7181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lloyd","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xilian","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thi\u00ean-Tr\u00ed","family":"L\u00e2m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basanta R.","family":"Wagle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishakh","family":"Walia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Howie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Neatherlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0472-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Rubis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhura","family":"Vachon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8240-7493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy A.","family":"McNamara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamez N.","family":"Ladhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-3174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhamed-Kheir","family":"Taha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0691-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ray","family":"Borrow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2021.1971289","article-title":"Global epidemiology and changing clinical presentations of invasive meningococcal disease: a narrative review","volume":"54","author":"Deghmane","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.079","article-title":"The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination","volume":"81","author":"Parikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib3","first-page":"323","article-title":"A perspective on the novel pentavalent Men5CV (NmCV-5) meningitis vaccine and Nigeria's pioneering rollout campaign","volume":"32","author":"Ukoaka","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infez Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2021.11.016","article-title":"Surveillance and control of meningococcal disease in the COVID-19 era: a Global Meningococcal Initiative review","volume":"84","author":"Alderson","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"9248","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03502-9","article-title":"Serogroup W135 meningococcal disease in Hajj pilgrims","volume":"356","author":"Taha","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanmic.2025.101113","article-title":"Vaccine shortage affects airline and public health efforts to prevent meningitis during Umrah","volume":"6","author":"Memish","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.07.001","article-title":"Mass gathering medicine: 2014 Hajj and Umra preparation as a leading example","volume":"27","author":"Al-Tawfiq","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.07.007","article-title":"Genomic resolution of an aggressive, widespread, diverse and expanding meningococcal serogroup B, C and W lineage","volume":"71","author":"Lucidarme","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2019.08.019","article-title":"Comparative genomic analyses of Chinese serogroup W ST-11 complex Neisseria meningitidis isolates","volume":"80","author":"Zhu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102728","article-title":"Genetically distinct Hajj and South American-related strains of serogroup W Neisseria meningitidis causing invasive meningococcal disease in Ontario, Canada, January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2024","volume":"18","author":"Meilleur","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Krone, S. Gray, R. Abad, A. Skoczynska, P. Stefanelli, A. van der Ende, et al., Increase of invasive meningococcal serogroup W disease in Europe, 2013 to 2017, Euro Surveill, 24 (14), 2019, 2-10, PubMed PMID: 30968827.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.14.1800245"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7322e1","article-title":"Cases of meningococcal disease associated with travel to Saudi Arabia for Umrah Pilgrimage \u2014 United States, United Kingdom, and France, 2024","volume":"73","author":"Vachon","year":"2024","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib13","unstructured":"ECDC. Imported invasive meningococcal disease in travellers returning from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia \u2013 Multi-country \u2013 2024: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, Sweden; 2024. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/Communicable-disease-threats-report-week-22-2024.pdf\u3009."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib14","unstructured":"Haleem MA. No New Cases of Meningococcal Disease Recorded, Says HPA. Maldives Republic; 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14826.1","article-title":"Open-access bacterial population genomics: BIGSdb software, the PubMLST.org website and their applications","volume":"3","author":"Jolley","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-1138","article-title":"A gene-by-gene population genomics platform: de novo assembly, annotation and genealogical analysis of 108 representative Neisseria meningitidis genomes","volume":"15","author":"Bratcher","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Genom"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/14.1.68","article-title":"SplitsTree: analyzing and visualizing evolutionary data","volume":"14","author":"Huson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C. Fazio, A. Neri, P. Vacca, A. Ciammaruconi, M. Arghittu, A.M. Barbui, et al., Cocirculation of Hajj and non-Hajj strains among serogroup W meningococci in Italy, 2000 to 2016, Euro Surveill, 24 (4), 2019, 33-41,PubMed PMID: 30696530.","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.4.1800183"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Eriksson, S.T. Hedberg, S. Jacobsson, H. Fredlund, P. Molling and B. Stenmark, Whole-genome sequencing of emerging invasive Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W in Sweden, J Clin Microbiol, 56 (4), 2018, e01409-17, PubMed PMID: 29321195.","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01409-17"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.02.054","article-title":"Phylogenetic relationships and regional spread of meningococcal strains in the meningitis belt, 2011-2016","volume":"41","author":"Topaz","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.131407","article-title":"Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W, Burkina Faso, 2012","volume":"20","author":"MacNeil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1906.120515","article-title":"Travel-related Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W135 infection, France","volume":"19","author":"Taha","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2017.10.015","article-title":"Clonal replacement and expansion among invasive meningococcal isolates of serogroup W in France","volume":"76","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2021.05.004","article-title":"Pediatric Infectious Disease Group (GPIP) position paper on the immune debt of the COVID-19 pandemic in childhood, how can we fill the immunity gap?","volume":"51","author":"Cohen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect Dis Now"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.12.012","article-title":"Observational study of nasopharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis in applicants to a military academy in the Russian Federation","volume":"81","author":"Sidorenko","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2489","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-024-01063-5","article-title":"Global epidemiology of meningococcal disease-causing serogroups before and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Shen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e275","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(24)00241-3","article-title":"The importance of microbiology reference laboratories and adequate funding for infectious disease surveillance","volume":"7","author":"Shaw","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib28","unstructured":"WHO. Defeating meningitis by 2030: a global road map; 2021. Available from: \u3008https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240026407\u3009."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.06.064","article-title":"The global meningitis genome partnership","volume":"81","author":"Rodgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Itsko, N. Topaz, S. Ousmane-Traore, M. Popoola, R. Ouedraogo, K. Gamougam, et al., Enhancing Meningococcal Genomic Surveillance in the Meningitis Belt Using High-Resolution Culture-Free Whole-Genome Sequencing, J Infect Dis, 226 (4), 2022, 729-737, PubMed PMID: 35325163.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac104"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib31","unstructured":"United StatesCode of Federal Regulations. Title 45 CFR \u00a746.102(l)(2): Protection of Human Subjects U.S. Government Publishing Office Definitions.: Washington (DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib32","unstructured":"United StatesCode of Federal Regulations. Title 21 CFR Part 56: Institutional Review Boards U.S. Government Publishing Office Washington (DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib33","unstructured":"United States. United States Code. Title 42 \u00a7241(d): Public Health Service Act \u2013 Privacy of Research Subjects.: Washington (DC): U.S. Government Publishing Office."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib34","unstructured":"United States. United States CodeTitle 5 \u00a7552a: The Privacy Act of 1974 U.S. Government Publishing Office Washington (DC."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558_bib35","unstructured":"United States. United States Code. Title 44 \u00a73501 et seq: The Paperwork Reduction Act.: Washington (DC): U.S. Government Publishing Office."}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325001525?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325001525?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:16:01Z","timestamp":1780388161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445325001525"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445325001525"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Umrah- and travel-associated meningococcal disease due to multiple serogroup W ST-11 sub-strains pre-Hajj 2024","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106558","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Crown Copyright \u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106558"}}