{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T05:39:43Z","timestamp":1788586783175,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004835","name":"Zhejiang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["551005322022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["551005322022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100022963","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025C02167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025C02167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100022963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82372487"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82372487"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017594","name":"Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023KY111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023KY111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T15:16:58Z","timestamp":1755011818000},"page":"106581","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dental plaque disclosing gel: An effective detecting agent for guiding debridement of bacterial biofilms in periprosthetic joint infection"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Wushi","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shicheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaxuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Congsun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weinan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0549-309X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Songyu","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9453-0894","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"An","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.02.023","article-title":"Management of periprosthetic joint infection: the more we learn, the less we know","volume":"32","author":"Henderson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S94","DOI":"10.1086\/321863","article-title":"New developments in diagnosis and treatment of infection in orthopedic implants","volume":"33","author":"Widmer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01617","article-title":"Projected volume of primary total joint arthroplasty in the U.S., 2014 to 2030","volume":"100","author":"Sloan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9495-y","article-title":"Two-stage revision arthroplasty for the treatment of prosthetic joint infection","volume":"11","author":"Charette","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-2030-8","article-title":"Two-stage exchange arthroplasty for infected total knee arthroplasty: predictors of failure","volume":"469","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2174\/1874325001610010579","article-title":"Two-stage revision for periprosthetic hip and knee joint infections","volume":"10","author":"Kini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Open Orthop J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.99B3.BJJ-2016-0609.R1","article-title":"Debridement and implant retention in the management of hip periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"99-B","author":"Sendi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"2S","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S399","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.09.025","article-title":"Hip and knee section, treatment, debridement and retention of implant","volume":"34","author":"Argenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"issue":"6_Supple A","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.103B6.BJJ-2020-2278.R1","article-title":"Hip and knee section, treatment, debridement and retention of implant","volume":"103-B","author":"Kildow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.5312\/wjo.v5.i3.218","article-title":"Can periprosthetic hip joint infections be successfully managed by debridement and prosthesis retention?","volume":"5","author":"Anagnostakos","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Orthop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab298","article-title":"Outcome of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention for staphylococcal hip and knee prosthetic joint infections, focused on rifampicin use: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Scheper","year":"2021","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis746","article-title":"A large multicenter study of methicillinsusceptible and methicillin\u2013resistant Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections managed with implant retention","volume":"56","author":"Lora-Tamayo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12040605","article-title":"Debridement, antibiotic pearls, and retention of the implant (DAPRI) in the treatment of early periprosthetic joint infections: a consecutive series","volume":"12","author":"Indelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.clpt.6100247","article-title":"The challenge of treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections","volume":"82","author":"Del Pozo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2016.10.029","article-title":"Is there still a role for irrigation and debridement with liner exchange in acute periprosthetic total knee infection?","volume":"32","author":"Duque Andr\u00e9s","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplast"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23804","article-title":"Topical adjuvants incompletely remove adherent Staphylococcus aureus from implant materials","volume":"36","author":"Ernest","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.137.BJR-2023-0339.R1","article-title":"DAIR\u2014Enhanced antibiofilm potential of lowintensity pulsed ultrasound combined with 0.35% povidone-iodine in a rat model of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"13","author":"Tianxing","year":"2024","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1021\/bc4003037","article-title":"Development and prospects of dedicated tracers for the molecular imaging of bacterial infections","volume":"24","author":"Bunschoten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1111\/cbdd.13923","article-title":"99mTc-labeled antibiotics for infection diagnosis: mechanism, action, and progress","volume":"99","author":"Naqvi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chem Biol Drug Des"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semnuclmed.2017.11.003","article-title":"Pathogen-specific bacterial imaging in nuclear medicine","volume":"48","author":"Ordonez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40336-019-00317-4","article-title":"An update on radiotracer development for molecular imaging of bacterial infections","volume":"7","author":"Welling","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Transl Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-007-0368-7","article-title":"Evaluation of 99mTc-UBI 29-41 scintigraphy for specific detection of experimental Staphylococcus aureus prosthetic joint infections","volume":"34","author":"Sarda-Mantel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1302\/2046-3758.121.BJR-2022-0216.R1","article-title":"A radio- and fluorescently labelled tracer for imaging and quantification of bacterial infection on orthopaedic prostheses: a proof of principle study","volume":"12","author":"Welling Mick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bone Joint Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04982-w","article-title":"Image-guided in situ detection of bacterial biofilms in a human prosthetic knee infection model: a feasibility study for clinical diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections","volume":"48","author":"Schoenmakers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.02.001","article-title":"Efficacy of per-oral methylene blue formulation for screening colonoscopy","volume":"156","author":"Repici","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2013.02.3187","article-title":"Intraoperative near-infrared fluorescence-guided identification of the ureters using low-dose methylene blue: a first-in-human experience","volume":"190","author":"Verbeek","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.00091","article-title":"Methylene blue is an effective disclosing agent for identifying bacterial biofilms on orthopaedic implants","volume":"102","author":"Shaw","year":"2020","journal-title":"J\u00a0Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2017.07.019","article-title":"Methylene blue\u2013guided debridement as an intraoperative adjunct for the surgical treatment of periprosthetic joint infection","volume":"32","author":"Shaw","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1080\/02770903.2020.1753211","article-title":"Enhancement of cariogenic virulence properties of dental plaque in asthmatics","volume":"58","author":"Widhianingsih","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Asthma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib30","unstructured":"Walsh Laurence J. DENTAL PLAQUE FERM ENTATION AND ITS ROLE IN CARIES RISK ASSESSMENT n.d.;(8):5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib31","unstructured":"Brostek A.M. Walsh L.J. Minimal intervention dentistry in general practice, 2014;13(2):285-94."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.07.003","article-title":"Bitter taste perception and dental biofilm cariogenicity in orthodontics","volume":"72","author":"Luengthamchat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00311","article-title":"What\u2019s new in musculoskeletal infection","volume":"103","author":"Fehring","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12144","article-title":"Incidence of bloodstream infection: a review of population-based studies","volume":"19","author":"Laupland","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000119424.31648.1E","article-title":"Severe bloodstream infections: a population-based assessment*","volume":"32","author":"Laupland","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000003184","article-title":"Can periprosthetic joint infection of tumor prostheses be controlled with debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention?","volume":"483","author":"McChesney Grant","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2024.104019","article-title":"One-stage exchange strategy with extensive debridement for chronic periprosthetic joint infection following total knee arthroplasty is associated with a low relapse rate in non-selected patients: a prospective single-center analysis","volume":"111","author":"Pioger","year":"2025","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12120395","article-title":"Level of agreement between plaque detection with clinical assessment and assessment on intraoral scanner","volume":"12","author":"Gkavela","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dent J (Basel)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.020063","article-title":"Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces","volume":"8","author":"Donlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0142-9612(03)00173-X","article-title":"Formation of Propionibacterium acnes biofilms on orthopaedic biomaterials and their susceptibility to antimicrobials","volume":"24","author":"Ramage","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00686-0","article-title":"Skeletal infections: microbial pathogenesis, immunity and clinical management","volume":"20","author":"Masters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.104B4.BJJ-2021-1264.R1","article-title":"Debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention after revision arthroplasty: antibiotic mismatch, timing, and repeated DAIR associated with poor outcome","volume":"104-B","author":"Veerman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfcoat.2009.05.009","article-title":"Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to different implant surface coatings: an in vitro study","volume":"203","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surf Coat Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s00266-018-1234-7","article-title":"Bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on textured breast implant shell materials","volume":"43","author":"James","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aesthetic Plast Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1021\/nl102290k","article-title":"Bacteria pattern spontaneously on periodic nanostructure arrays","volume":"10","author":"Hochbaum","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nano Lett"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0809.020063","article-title":"Biofilms: microbial life on surfaces","volume":"8","author":"Donlan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-024-05546-5","article-title":"Modular component exchange has no advantage in Debridement, Antibiotics and Implant Retention (DAIR) for early onset hip and knee prosthetic joint infection","volume":"144","author":"Gavaskar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325001811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445325001811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T14:47:16Z","timestamp":1772808436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445325001811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445325001811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Dental plaque disclosing gel: An effective detecting agent for guiding debridement of bacterial biofilms in periprosthetic joint infection","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2025.106581","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106581"}}