{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T11:19:22Z","timestamp":1783077562873,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LISBOA-01\\u20130145-FEDER-030474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LISBOA-01\\u20130145-FEDER-030474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/MED- IMU\/30474\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/MED- IMU\/30474\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T02:19:26Z","timestamp":1778811566000},"page":"106760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lymph node remodelling underlies the attenuated form of HIV\/AIDS in people with HIV-2"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Susana M.","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme B.","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana R.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana F.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Vieira","family":"Ant\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6682-8511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8555-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Godinho-Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita T.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"MC Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4503-4741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7213-2879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Nunes-Caba\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3271-8255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perp\u00e9tua","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5501-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Po\u00e7as","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8073-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8048-6271","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Badura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana E.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6418","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1038\/362355a0","article-title":"HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease","volume":"362","author":"Pantaleo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0000000000000686","article-title":"HIV persistence in lymph nodes","volume":"16","author":"Banga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin HIV AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002437","article-title":"Lymphoid tissue damage in HIV-1 infection depletes na\u00efve T cells and limits T cell reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy","volume":"8","author":"Zeng","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.09.003","article-title":"HIV-2: the forgotten AIDS virus","volume":"16","author":"De Silva","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s12981-019-0239-x","article-title":"HIV-2 as a model to identify a functional HIV cure","volume":"16","author":"Esbj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2249.1999.00914.x","article-title":"Proviral load and immune function in blood and lymph node during HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection","volume":"116","author":"Jobe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2429","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01921-10","article-title":"Cell-associated viral burden provides evidence of ongoing viral replication in aviremic HIV-2-Infected patients","volume":"85","author":"Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.06.005","article-title":"The landscape of persistent viral genomes in ART-Treated SIV, SHIV, and HIV-2 Infections","volume":"26","author":"Bender","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003776","article-title":"The HIV-2 proviral landscape is dominated by defective proviruses","volume":"38","author":"Koofhethile","year":"2024","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz431","article-title":"Follicular helper T cells are major human immunodeficiency Virus-2 reservoirs and support productive infection","volume":"221","author":"Godinho-Santos","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3400","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.3400","article-title":"CD4 T cell depletion is linked directly to immune activation in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 but only indirectly to the viral load","volume":"169","author":"Sousa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2479","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000844","article-title":"Predicting the extinction of HIV-2 in rural Guinea-Bissau","volume":"29","author":"Fryer","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30254-6","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of HIV-2-related AIDS and mortality in Guinea-Bissau: a prospective open cohort study","volume":"6","author":"Esbj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"},{"issue":"5178","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7915856","article-title":"Reduced rate of disease development after HIV-2 infection as compared to HIV-1","volume":"265","author":"Marlink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06126-11","article-title":"Potent autologous and heterologous neutralizing antibody responses occur in HIV-2 infection across a broad range of infection outcomes","volume":"86","author":"De Silva","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz001","article-title":"Cross-reactive antibodies with the capacity to mediate hiv-1 envelope glycoprotein\u2013targeted antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity identified in HIV-2\u2013infected individuals","volume":"219","author":"Karlsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06155-11","article-title":"Broad and potent neutralizing antibody responses elicited in natural HIV-2 infection","volume":"86","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5331","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02789-06","article-title":"Comparison of heterologous neutralizing antibody responses of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)- and HIV-2-infected Senegalese patients: distinct patterns of breadth and magnitude distinguish HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections","volume":"81","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9795","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01217-08","article-title":"Gag-Specific CD4 + T-Cell frequency is inversely correlated with proviral load and directly correlated with immune activation in infection with human immunodeficiency virus Type 2 (HIV-2) but Not HIV-1","volume":"82","author":"Foxall","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6973","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.11.6973","article-title":"Maintenance of HIV-Specific CD4+ T cell help distinguishes HIV-2 from HIV-1 Infection","volume":"176","author":"Duvall","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI32380","article-title":"Robust Gag-specific T cell responses characterize viremia control in HIV-2 infection","volume":"117","author":"Leligdowicz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-12-472787","article-title":"Correlates of T-cell\u2013mediated viral control and phenotype of CD8+ T cells in HIV-2, a naturally contained human retroviral infection","volume":"121","author":"De Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113244","article-title":"Inhibition of HIV-1 disease progression by contemporaneous HIV-2 Infection","volume":"367","author":"Esbj\u00f6rnsson","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0407-329","article-title":"Out of Africa: what can we learn from HIV-2 about protective immunity to HIV-1?","volume":"8","author":"Rowland-Jones","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199606001-00002","article-title":"Lessons from the second AIDS virus, HIV-2","volume":"10","author":"Marlink","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001661","article-title":"Potency of HIV-2-specific antibodies increase in direct association with loss of memory B cells","volume":"31","author":"Rocha","year":"2017","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283568849","article-title":"Memory B-cell depletion is a feature of HIV-2 infection even in the absence of detectable viremia","volume":"26","author":"Tendeiro","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199101000-00010","article-title":"HIV-2 infection among prostitutes working in The Gambia: association with serological evidence of genital ulcer diseases and with generalized lymphadenopathy","volume":"5","author":"Pepin","year":"1991","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"8525","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(87)91967-2","article-title":"LYMPHADENOPATHY-ASSOCIATED VIRUS TYPE 2 IN AIDS AND AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX: clinical and virological features in four patients","volume":"329","author":"Brun-Vezinet","year":"1987","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198705073161903","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus Type 2 Infection associated with AIDS in West Africa","volume":"316","author":"Clavel","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2011.00963.x","article-title":"Population mobility and the changing epidemics of HIV \u20102 in P ortugal","volume":"13","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad339","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of triple therapy with Dolutegravir Plus 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in treatment-naive human immunodeficiency virus Type 2 patients: results from a 48-Week phase 2 study","volume":"77","author":"Pacheco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03047-14","article-title":"Thymic HIV-2 infection uncovers posttranscriptional control of viral replication in human thymocytes","volume":"89","author":"Nunes-Caba\u00e7o","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2947","article-title":"The cytokine TGF-\u03b2 co-opts signaling via STAT3-STAT4 to promote the differentiation of human TFH cells","volume":"15","author":"Schmitt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2017.44","article-title":"HIV-2 infection is associated with preserved GALT homeostasis and epithelial integrity despite ongoing mucosal viral replication","volume":"11","author":"Fernandes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1295-1320","article-title":"Infection of human tonsil histocultures: a model for HIV pathogenesis","volume":"1","author":"Glushakova","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2008.245","article-title":"Use of human tissue explants to study human infectious agents","volume":"4","author":"Grivel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01073-18","article-title":"BCL6 Inhibitor-mediated downregulation of phosphorylated SAMHD1 and T cell activation are associated with decreased HIV infection and reactivation","volume":"93","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2964","article-title":"SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 infection in resting CD4+ T cells","volume":"18","author":"Baldauf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2729","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1613635114","article-title":"Vpx overcomes a SAMHD1-independent block to HIV reverse transcription that is specific to resting CD4 T cells","volume":"114","author":"Baldauf","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aan1487","article-title":"Human blood Tfr cells are indicators of ongoing humoral activity not fully licensed with suppressive function","volume":"2","author":"Fonseca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830180811","article-title":"The regulation of IgG subclass production in man: low serum IgG4 in inherited deficiencies of the classical pathway of C3 activation","volume":"18","author":"Bird","year":"1988","journal-title":"Eur J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.02.017","article-title":"Defects in memory B-cell and plasma cell subsets expressing different immunoglobulin-subclasses in patients with CVID and immunoglobulin subclass deficiencies","volume":"144","author":"Blanco","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-319","article-title":"CD4+ T-cell depletion in HIV infection: are we closer to understanding the cause?","volume":"8","author":"Grossman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2024.109344","article-title":"HIV-2 MEDIATED EFFECTS ON TARGET AND BYSTANDER CELLS INDUCE PLASMA PROTEOME REMODELLING","volume":"27","author":"Johansson","year":"2024","journal-title":"iScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104965","article-title":"Replicative fitness and pathogenicity of primate lentiviruses in lymphoid tissue, primary human and chimpanzee cells: relation to possible jumps to humans","volume":"100","author":"Tebit","year":"2024","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9594","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.20.9594-9600.2000","article-title":"Cytopathicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) in human lymphoid tissue is coreceptor dependent and comparable to that of HIV-1","volume":"74","author":"Schramm","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2653","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkr1093","article-title":"Different effects of the TAR structure on HIV-1 and HIV-2 genomic RNA translation","volume":"40","author":"Soto-Rifo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12861","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1017","article-title":"HIV-2 genomic RNA accumulates in stress granules in the absence of active translation","volume":"42","author":"Soto-Rifo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.062","article-title":"NONO detects the nuclear HIV capsid to promote cGAS-mediated innate immune activation","volume":"175","author":"Lahaye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(03)00060-8","article-title":"Nonpathogenic SIV infection of sooty mangabeys is characterized by limited bystander immunopathology despite chronic high-level Viremia","volume":"18","author":"Silvestri","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib52","article-title":"The cGAS-STING pathway in viral infections: a promising link between inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.11.002","article-title":"The capsids of HIV-1 and HIV-2 determine immune detection of the viral cDNA by the innate sensor cGAS in dendritic cells","volume":"39","author":"Lahaye","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2023.104557","article-title":"Primary role of type I interferons for the induction of functionally optimal antigen-specific CD8+ T cells in HIV infection","volume":"91","author":"Cabral-Piccin","year":"2023","journal-title":"eBioMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2025.116181","article-title":"Spatial regulation of CD8+ T cells at the HLA-E-NKG2A axis drives HIV persistence in lymph node B cell follicles","volume":"44","author":"Papadopoulos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1012888","article-title":"The spatial biology of HIV infection","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLOS Pathog"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mbio.01909-24","article-title":"Spatial technologies to evaluate the HIV-1 reservoir and its microenvironment in the lymph node","volume":"15","author":"Zaman","year":"2024","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00753-w","article-title":"Strategies for HIV-1 vaccines that induce broadly neutralizing antibodies","volume":"23","author":"Haynes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12512","article-title":"Tfh cells and HIV bnAbs, an immunodominance model of the HIV neutralizing antibody generation problem","volume":"275","author":"Havenar-Daughton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-025-02128-y","article-title":"HIV infection reprogrammes CD4+ T cells for quiescence and entry into proviral latency","volume":"10","author":"Plasek Hegde","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.666388","article-title":"Role of circulating T follicular helper cells and stem-like memory CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-2 infection and disease progression","volume":"12","author":"Ponnan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.89574","article-title":"Circulating CXCR5+CXCR3+PD-1lo Tfh-like cells in HIV-1 controllers with neutralizing antibody breadth","volume":"2","author":"Martin-Gayo","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.960120","article-title":"The deficiency in Th2-like Tfh cells affects the maturation and quality of HIV-specific B cell response in viremic infection","volume":"13","author":"Noto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3494","article-title":"Activin a programs the differentiation of human TFH cells","volume":"17","author":"Locci","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"373","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aag2285","article-title":"Follicular CD8 T cells accumulate in HIV infection and can kill infected cells in vitro via bispecific antibodies","volume":"9","author":"Petrovas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"7620","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19317","article-title":"Follicular CXCR5-expressing CD8+ T cells curtail chronic viral infection","volume":"537","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"523","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aax4077","article-title":"Elite control of HIV is associated with distinct functional and transcriptional signatures in lymphoid tissue CD8+ T cells","volume":"11","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.136648","article-title":"TCF-1 regulates HIV-specific CD8+ T cell expansion capacity","volume":"6","author":"Rutishauser","year":"2021","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e390","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(18)30094-8","article-title":"90-90-90 for HIV-2? Ending the HIV-2 epidemic by enhancing care and clinical management of patients infected with HIV-2","volume":"5","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet HIV"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016344532600085X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016344532600085X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T10:35:40Z","timestamp":1783074940000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016344532600085X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S016344532600085X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Lymph node remodelling underlies the attenuated form of HIV\/AIDS in people with HIV-2","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106760","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106760"}}