{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:55:17Z","timestamp":1792616117571,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004772","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025AAC030296"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025AAC030296"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004772","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016692","name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026BEG01005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026BEG01005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016692","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T23:20:28Z","timestamp":1789168828000},"page":"106854","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Epidemiological trends, health inequality, and forecasting of Brucellosis in Mainland China, 2004-2030"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Hongju","family":"Duan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhe","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaozhe","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianglin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueping","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuqian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1136674","article-title":"Research progress on complications of Brucellosis","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2023.2290839","article-title":"Long ignored but making a comeback: a worldwide epidemiological evolution of human brucellosis","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2417859","article-title":"Brucellosis seroprevalence in cattle in China during 2014-2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3532-9","article-title":"Systematic review of brucellosis in Kenya: disease frequency in humans and animals and risk factors for human infection","volume":"16","author":"Njeru","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2023.2295398","article-title":"Brucellosis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment-a comprehensive review","volume":"55","author":"Qureshi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2020.1868616","article-title":"Bovine brucellosis - a comprehensive review","volume":"41","author":"Khurana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet Q"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230052","article-title":"Global estimate of human brucellosis incidence","volume":"29","author":"Laine","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00673-8","article-title":"Brucellosis in China: history, progress and challenge","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2302.151710","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of human brucellosis, China, 1955-2014","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011765","article-title":"Socioeconomic, meteorological factors and spatiotemporal distribution of human brucellosis in China between 2004 and 2019-A study based on spatial panel model","volume":"17","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00754-8","article-title":"Human distribution and spatial-temporal clustering analysis of human brucellosis in China from 2012 to 2016","volume":"9","author":"Liang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10165-x","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal clusters of human brucellosis in Inner Mongolia, 2010-2021","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03731-5","article-title":"The continuous expansion and spread of human brucellosis in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region: evidence from epidemiological and strains' genotyping-based analysis","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013910","article-title":"Prevalence and spatial distribution characteristics of human brucellosis in Ningxia from 2010 to 2024","volume":"20","author":"Duan","year":"2026","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib15","first-page":"453","article-title":"Changing patterns of epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal clusters of human brucellosis based on county level - China, 2011-2023","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12199-019-0839-z","article-title":"Spatial-temporal distribution of human brucellosis in mainland China from 2004 to 2017 and an analysis of social and environmental factors","volume":"25","author":"Peng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2023.004","article-title":"Epidemic characteristics, high-risk areas and space-time clusters of human brucellosis - China, 2020-2021","volume":"5","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib18","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial clustering analysis on human brucellosis in Jiangsu Province, 2006-2021","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib19","first-page":"28","article-title":"Spatiotemporal distribution of human brucellosis in China, 2024","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Dis Surveill"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-23740-x","article-title":"Prevalence and Spatial distribution characteristics of human echinococcosis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, 2011-2023","volume":"25","author":"Duan","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib21","article-title":"Trends in lung cancer incidence and stage at diagnosis in Singapore: a population-based joinpoint regression analysis by age, sex, and smoking status","volume":"66","author":"Juang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focus.2024.100247","article-title":"Using geospatial analysis to identify priority communities for cervical cancer prevention in Texas","volume":"3","author":"Sokale","year":"2024","journal-title":"AJPM Focus"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib23","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of 11 years of Chlamydia trachomatis data from southern China","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib24","unstructured":"Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990\u20132021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study Lancet Neurol 23(4) (2024) 344\u2013381."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4880","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-55034-4","article-title":"The spatiotemporal trend of human brucellosis in China and driving factors using interpretability analysis","volume":"14","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191610082","article-title":"Spatiotemporal pattern evolution and driving factors of Brucellosis in China, 2003-2019","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17072382","article-title":"Epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal trend analysis of human brucellosis in China, 1950-2018","volume":"17","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2019.101464","article-title":"Increasing incidence and changing epidemiology of brucellosis in China (2004-2016)","volume":"35","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1006\/mcpr.2000.0338","article-title":"Real-time detection of Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis","volume":"15","author":"Redkar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Probes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2008.07.002","article-title":"Novel identification and differentiation of Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, B. ovis, B. canis, and B. neotomae suitable for both conventional and real-time PCR systems","volume":"75","author":"Hini\u0107","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10121623","article-title":"Microbiological laboratory diagnosis of human Brucellosis: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Di Bonaventura","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00073-19","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of human Brucellosis","volume":"33","author":"Yagupsky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14075","article-title":"Human brucellosis epidemiology in the pastoral area of Hulun Buir city, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, China, between 2003 and 2018","volume":"69","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10561-x","article-title":"Changing trends in human brucellosis in pastoral and agricultural China, 2004-2019: a Joinpoint regression analysis","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08270-4","article-title":"Accessibility of the three-year comprehensive prevention and control of brucellosis in Ningxia: a mathematical modeling study","volume":"23","author":"Gong","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4004","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-25415-z","article-title":"Interactions between brucellosis and environmental factors: spatiotemporal epidemiology from Xinjiang, China","volume":"25","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.030","article-title":"Human brucellosis in the People's Republic of China during 2005-2010","volume":"17","author":"Zhong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2025.107556","article-title":"Disease burden of brucellosis among the elderly in Inner Mongolia, China: a cross-sectional data study from 2016 to 2020","volume":"263","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib39","article-title":"Epidemiological analysis of infectious diseases in older people in China from 2014 to 2022: a population-based study","volume":"64","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health West Pac"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107475","article-title":"Trends and age-period-cohort effect on incidence of brucellosis from 2006 to 2020 in China","volume":"260","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0763-9","article-title":"Human brucellosis occurrences in inner mongolia, China: a spatio-temporal distribution and ecological niche modeling approach","volume":"15","author":"Jia","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/tbed\/8872434","article-title":"Meteorological, socioeconomic, and environmental factors influencing human brucellosis occurrence in Yunnan, China, 2006-2021: a Bayesian spatiotemporal modeling study","volume":"2025","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transbound Emerg Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-019-1665-6","article-title":"Investigation of the molecular characteristics of Brucella isolates from Guangxi Province, China","volume":"19","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib44","first-page":"1076","article-title":"Evaluation on quality of internet based reporting of brucellosis in China, 2005\u20132017","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dis Surveill"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2908","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86889-w","article-title":"Risk effects of environmental factors on human brucellosis in Aksu Prefecture, Xinjiang, China, 2014-2023","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0013463","article-title":"Multiscale environmental drivers of human brucellosis transmission in Xinjiang: A spatiotemporal analysis integrating GAM and MaxEnt modeling (2015-2023)","volume":"19","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-023-01087-y","article-title":"Driving role of climatic and socioenvironmental factors on human brucellosis in China: machine-learning-based predictive analyses","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445326001805?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445326001805?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T20:26:55Z","timestamp":1792614415000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445326001805"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445326001805"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiological trends, health inequality, and forecasting of Brucellosis in Mainland China, 2004-2030","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106854","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106854"}}