{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:36:05Z","timestamp":1793262965443,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010269","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000276","name":"United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000276","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"National Institutes of Health Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journalofinfection.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T15:49:39Z","timestamp":1792079379000},"page":"106878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antimicrobial resistance trends and lineage distribution among invasive pneumococcal disease isolates pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1264-2284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cebile","family":"Lekhuleni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kedibone","family":"Ndlangisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"de Gouveia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sopio","family":"Chochua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0581-149X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Hazelhurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9628-2051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin J.","family":"Metcalf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7081-6273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jackie","family":"Kleynhans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Happy","family":"Skosana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4672-5915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arshad","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibongile","family":"Walaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Quan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Meiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulina A.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lesley","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Bentley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0376-2302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheryl","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie W.","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9186-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mignon","family":"du Plessis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0243-7455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"von Gottberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10442","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01076-6","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance: an agenda for all","volume":"403","author":"Lancet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib2","article-title":"Tackling drug-resistant infections globally: final report and recommendations","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"10325","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0","article-title":"Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis","volume":"399","author":"Murray","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib4","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Bacterial Priority Pathogens List, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. 2024."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1476814","article-title":"The role of vaccines in fighting antimicrobial resistance (AMR)","volume":"14","author":"Jansen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-020-00506-3","article-title":"The role of vaccines in combatting antimicrobial resistance","volume":"19","author":"Micoli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw067","article-title":"Prevention of antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"62","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1470","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(24)00263-8","article-title":"Long-term effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease incidence among people of all ages from national, active, laboratory-based surveillance in South Africa, 2005-19: a cohort observational study","volume":"12","author":"von Gottberg","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib9","series-title":"Vaccine","first-page":"C21","article-title":"Introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the public immunization program in South Africa: Translating research into policy","author":"Madhi","year":"2012"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib10","first-page":"4200","article-title":"Effects of vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease in South Africa","volume":"371","author":"von Gottberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52459-3","article-title":"Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on invasive pneumococcal disease-causing lineages among South African children","volume":"15","author":"Lekhuleni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3102","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718712115","article-title":"Vaccination can drive an increase in frequencies of antibiotic resistance among nonvaccine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"115","author":"Obolski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30297-X","article-title":"Pneumococcal lineages associated with serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance in childhood invasive pneumococcal disease in the post-PCV13 era: an international whole-genome sequencing study","volume":"19","author":"Lo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkf500","article-title":"The successful clone: the vector of dissemination of resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae","author":"Klugman","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2565","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.7.2565-2571.2001","article-title":"Nomenclature of major antimicrobial-resistant clones of Streptococcus pneumoniae defined by the pneumococcal molecular epidemiology network","volume":"39","author":"McGee","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432603","article-title":"Increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States","volume":"343","author":"Whitney","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis703","article-title":"Pneumococcal capsular switching: a historical perspective","volume":"207","author":"Wyres","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.08.027","article-title":"Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA","volume":"22","author":"Metcalf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2306.170071","article-title":"Invasive serotype 35B pneumococci including an expanding serotype switch lineage, United States, 2015\u20132016","volume":"23","author":"Chochua","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.04.021","article-title":"International genomic definition of pneumococcal lineages, to contextualise disease, antibiotic resistance and vaccine impact","volume":"43","author":"Gladstone","year":"2019","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib21","article-title":"A global genomic perspective on the multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae 15A-CC63 sub-lineage following pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction","volume":"9","author":"Hawkins","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib22","article-title":"Expansion of pneumococcal serotype 23F and 14 lineages with genotypic changes in capsule polysaccharide locus and virulence gene profiles post introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"10","author":"Cave","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib23","article-title":"Laboratory surveillance for Haemophilus influenzae type B, meningococcal, and pneumococcal disease","author":"Huebner","year":"1999","journal-title":"South Afr Med J [Internet]"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib24","first-page":"699","article-title":"The Quellung reaction, a neglected microbiologic technique","volume":"43","author":"Austrian","year":"1976","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009282","article-title":"Realtime PCR is more sensitive than multiplex PCR for diagnosis and serotyping in children with culture negative pneumococcal invasive disease","volume":"5","author":"Azzari","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02927-12","article-title":"Sequential triplex real-time PCR assay for detecting 21 pneumococcal capsular serotypes that account for a high global disease burden","volume":"51","author":"Pimenta","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00613-16","article-title":"Development of a taqman array card for pneumococcal serotyping on isolates and nasopharyngeal samples","volume":"54","author":"Pholwat","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01149-17","article-title":"Invasive disease caused simultaneously by dual serotypes of streptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"56","author":"Ndlangisa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib29","series-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 28th Edition Informational Supplement M100-S27; CLSI","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib30","first-page":"1","article-title":"SeroBA: rapid high-throughput serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae from whole genome sequence data","volume":"4","author":"Epping","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00118","article-title":"Multilocus sequence typing by blast from de novo assemblies against PubMLST","volume":"1","author":"Page","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Open Source Softw"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.241455.118","article-title":"Fast and flexible bacterial genomic epidemiology with PopPUNK","volume":"29","author":"Lees","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.08.027","article-title":"Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA","volume":"22","author":"Metcalf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1196","article-title":"Rapid phylogenetic analysis of large samples of recombinant bacterial whole genome sequences using Gubbins","volume":"43","author":"Croucher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl446","article-title":"RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models","volume":"22","author":"Stamatakis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib36","article-title":"Microreact: visualizing and sharing data for genomic epidemiology and phylogeography","volume":"2","author":"Argim\u00f3n","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Genom"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac154","article-title":"Impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines on antibiotic-nonsusceptible invasive pneumococcal disease in the United States","volume":"226","author":"Bajema","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2018.1526555","article-title":"Increase in incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease caused by serotype 3 in children eight years after the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Hong Kong","volume":"15","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.14670","article-title":"Paediatric community-acquired bacteraemia, pneumococcal invasive disease and antibiotic resistance fell after the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine was introduced","volume":"108","author":"Berger","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01766-18","article-title":"Vaccination of icelandic children with the 10-valent pneumococcal vaccine leads to a significant herd effect among adults in Iceland","volume":"57","author":"Quirk","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0208211","article-title":"Expansion of the multidrug-resistant clonal complex 320 among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A after the introduction of a ten-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Brazil","volume":"13","author":"Cassiolato","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.07.055","article-title":"Characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A isolates from children in the pre and post Conjugate Vaccine Era. Single center experience 1986\u20132015","volume":"36","author":"Koutouzis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30052-5","article-title":"Rapid increase in non-vaccine serotypes causing invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales, 2000\u201317: a prospective national observational cohort study","volume":"18","author":"Ladhani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2024.126219","article-title":"Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, serotypes, genotypes, and antimicrobial resistance trends among children in Portugal, after introduction of PCV13 in National Immunization Program: A cross-sectional study","volume":"42","author":"Candeias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiac376","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carriage of pneumococcus in children in England up to 10 years after 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction: persistence of serotypes 3 and 19A and emergence of 7C","volume":"227","author":"Tiley","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107666","article-title":"Population snapshot of streptococcus pneumoniae causing invasive disease in South Africa prior to introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines","volume":"9","author":"Ndlangisa","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7104a1","article-title":"Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices \u2014 United States, 2022","volume":"71","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0262225","article-title":"Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine","volume":"17","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib49","article-title":"Emergence of a multidrug resistant and virulent Streptococcus pneumoniae lineage mediates serotype replacement after PCV13","volume":"5247","author":"Lo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70822-9","article-title":"Serotype-specific effectiveness and correlates of protection for the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine: a postlicensure indirect cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"0","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib51","article-title":"Upsurge of pneumococcal clade I-\u03b1\/CC180 serotype 3 and its association with a LytA mutation linked to immune evasion and disease potential: an observational and experimental study","volume":"0","author":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2026","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Garc\u00eda C., Llorente J., Aguirre Alastuey M.E., Llamos\u00ed M., Gil R., Laghlali G., et al. Outburst of serotype 4 IPD after COVID-19 is driven by ST15063\/GPSC162 lineage associated with high-risk behaviors and greater virulence linked to influenza H3N2 virus coinfection and cigarette smoke [Internet]. 2026. Available from: http:\/\/medrxiv.org\/lookup\/doi\/10.64898\/2026.02.27.26346872 doi:10.64898\/2026.02.27.26346872.","DOI":"10.64898\/2026.02.27.26346872"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-0941-9","article-title":"Increase of serotypes 15A and 23B in IPD in Germany in the PCV13 vaccination era","volume":"15","author":"van der Linden","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878_bib54","first-page":"1","article-title":"Visualizing variation within global pneumococcal sequence clusters (GPSCS) and country population snapshots to contextualize pneumococcal isolates","volume":"6","author":"Gladstone","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Genom"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445326002045?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0163445326002045?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:12:24Z","timestamp":1793261544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0163445326002045"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["S0163445326002045"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878","relation":{},"ISSN":["0163-4453"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0163-4453","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antimicrobial resistance trends and lineage distribution among invasive pneumococcal disease isolates pre- and post-pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, South Africa","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Infection","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinf.2026.106878","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of British Infection Association.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106878"}}