{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T16:01:32Z","timestamp":1773936092416,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32001912"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32001912"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32370525"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32370525"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Insect Physiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T23:50:13Z","timestamp":1766447413000},"page":"104924","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The transcription factor E93 modulates Mmp1 expression to regulate testicular fusion during the prepupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengdan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiying","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenbo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xincheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.068353","article-title":"Myoblast fusion: lessons from flies and mice","volume":"139","author":"Abmayr","year":"2012","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011613-162002","article-title":"Genetic Control of Mosquitoes","volume":"59","author":"Alphey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2006.12.001","article-title":"Metastatic ability of Drosophila tumors depends on MMP activity","volume":"303","author":"Beaucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2014.06.009","article-title":"The MEKRE93 (Methoprene tolerant-Kruppel homolog 1-E93) pathway in the regulation of insect metamorphosis, and the homology of the pupal stage","volume":"52","author":"Belles","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3904","article-title":"Remodelling the extracellular matrix in development and disease","volume":"15","author":"Bonnans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.3390\/insects12070638","article-title":"Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) and its applications","volume":"12","author":"Bourtzis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/51.5.413","article-title":"Serial morphology as a technique for determination of reproductive patterns in the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie)","volume":"51","author":"Callahan","year":"1958","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/59.6.1157","article-title":"Spermatogenesis and testicular development of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae)","volume":"59","author":"Chaudhury","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0045","first-page":"354","article-title":"Study on larval sexual character and spermatogenesis of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera)","volume":"16","author":"Chen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24032163","article-title":"A novel cuticular protein-like Cpr21L is essential for nymph survival and male fecundity in the brown Planthopper","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2021.103551","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in eclosion and wing expansion in the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana","volume":"131","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-020-6494-3","article-title":"Transcriptomic analysis of the testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"2729\u20132740","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0065","first-page":"e2724","article-title":"Inter-adipocyte adhesion and signaling by collagen IV intercellular concentrations in Drosophila","volume":"27","author":"Dai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2010.01041.x","article-title":"Transcription factors BmPOUM2 and Bm\u03b2FTZ\u2010F1 are involved in regulation of the expression of the wing cuticle protein gene BmWCP4 in the silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"20","author":"Deng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00649","article-title":"Characterization of the first W-specific protein-coding gene for sex identification in Helicoverpa armigera","volume":"11","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2024.114562","article-title":"Comparative analysis of testicular fusion in Spodoptera litura (cutworm) and Bombyx mori (silkworm): Histological and transcriptomic insights","volume":"356","author":"Dong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gen. Comp. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.21688","article-title":"The effect of E93 knockdown on female reproduction in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum","volume":"104","author":"Eid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.en.34.010189.000313","article-title":"The ecology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems","volume":"34","author":"Fitt","year":"1989","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-1606(03)00036-8","article-title":"Orphan nuclear receptor \u03b2FTZ-F1 is required for muscle-driven morphogenetic events at the prepupal\u2013pupal transition in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"257","author":"Fortier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2005.08.010","article-title":"Integrin regulation","volume":"17","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1176009","article-title":"The extracellular matrix: not just pretty fibrils","volume":"326","author":"Hynes","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/0965-1748(94)90048-5","article-title":"Ecdysteroid biosynthesis in larval testes of Spodoptera littoralis","volume":"24","author":"Jarvis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2018.10.002","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases promote fat body cell dissociation and ovary development in Bombyx mori","volume":"111","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2215214120","article-title":"Mmp-induced fat body cell dissociation promotes pupal development and moderately averts pupal diapause by activating lipid metabolism","volume":"120","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21504","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.818880","article-title":"Juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone coordinately control the developmental timing of matrix metalloproteinase-induced fat body cell dissociation","volume":"292","author":"Jia","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7535","DOI":"10.1038\/srep07535","article-title":"Mmp1 and Mmp2 cooperatively induce Drosophila fat body cell dissociation with distinct roles","volume":"4","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011118-111959","article-title":"Movement ecology of pest Helicoverpa: implications for ongoing spread","volume":"64","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-169X.2002.00655.x","article-title":"\u03b2FTZ\u2010F1 dependent and independent activation of Edg78E, a pupal cuticle gene, during the early metamorphic period in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"44","author":"Kawasaki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Growth Differ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4751","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004751","article-title":"MMPs regulate both development and immunity in the Tribolium model insect","volume":"4","author":"Knorr","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/81.2.292","article-title":"Spermiogenesis of eupyrene sperm in prepupae, pupae, and adults of Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): an ultrastructural study","volume":"81","author":"Lachance","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2002.0784","article-title":"Steroid regulation of midgut cell death during Drosophila development","volume":"250","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2012.01.004","article-title":"Requirement of matrix metalloproteinase-1 for intestinal homeostasis in the adult Drosophila midgut","volume":"318","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01677","article-title":"The roles of E93 and Kr-h1 in metamorphosis of Nilaparvata lugens","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0170","first-page":"15","article-title":"An improvement in the technique of artificial rearing cotton bollworm","volume":"25","author":"Liang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Protect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ibmb.2013.11.005","article-title":"E93 predominantly transduces 20-hydroxyecdysone signaling to induce autophagy and caspase activity in Drosophila fat body","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0180","first-page":"1","article-title":"The study on fusion of testis in Lepidoptera insects","volume":"46","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of South China Normal University (natural Science Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2828","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.16313","article-title":"The dual roles of three MMPs and TIMP in innate immunity and metamorphosis in the silkworm, Bombyx Mori","volume":"289","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27370","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M115.687293","article-title":"20-Hydroxyecdysone (20E) primary response gene E93 modulates 20E signaling to promote Bombyx larval-pupal metamorphosis","volume":"290","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.12924","article-title":"Silencing of transcription factor E93 inhibits adult morphogenesis and disrupts cuticle, wing and ovary development in Locusta migratoria","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2\u2212\u0394\u0394CT method","volume":"25","author":"Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23321","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M200121200","article-title":"Structural and enzymatic characterization of Drosophila Dm2-MMP, a membrane-bound matrix metalloproteinase with tissue-specific expression","volume":"277","author":"Llano","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1402480112","article-title":"Secretion of ecdysteroid by sheaths of testes of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and its regulation by testis ecdysiotropin","volume":"248","author":"Loeb","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.1050","article-title":"Testis ecdysiotropin, an insect gonadotropin that induces synthesis of ecdysteroid","volume":"47","author":"Loeb","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1126\/science.218.4575.896","article-title":"Larval testes of the tobacco budworm: a new source of insect ecdysteroids","volume":"218","author":"Loeb","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","article-title":"Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2","volume":"15","author":"Love","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102431","article-title":"The direct interaction between E93 and Kr-h1 mediated their antagonistic effect on ovary development of the brown planthopper","volume":"20","author":"Mao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1226","article-title":"Mapping and quantifying mammalian transcriptomes by RNA-Seq","volume":"5","author":"Mortazavi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1117559109","article-title":"Control of target gene specificity during metamorphosis by the steroid response gene E93","volume":"109","author":"Mou","year":"2012","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-1910(73)90163-7","article-title":"Growth and metamorphosis in the testes of Ephestia k\u00fchniella in vitro","volume":"19","author":"Nowock","year":"1973","journal-title":"J. Insect Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.181909","article-title":"Expression of E93 provides an instructive cue to control dynamic enhancer activity and chromatin accessibility during development","volume":"147","author":"Nystrom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2007.06.004","article-title":"Remodeling the model organism: matrix metalloproteinase functions in invertebrates","volume":"19","author":"Page-McCaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Semin. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2125","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinases and the regulation of tissue remodelling","volume":"8","author":"Page-McCaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S1534-5807(02)00400-8","article-title":"Drosophila matrix metalloproteinases are required for tissue remodeling, but not embryonic development","volume":"4","author":"Page-McCaw","year":"2003","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asd.2021.101111","article-title":"Testes morphology and the identification of transcripts of the hormonal pathways of the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis H\u00fcbner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)","volume":"65","author":"Pezenti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthropod Struct. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3422","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e09-02-0175","article-title":"Focal adhesion kinase signaling regulates the expression of caveolin 3 and \u03b21 integrin, genes essential for normal myoblast fusion","volume":"20","author":"Quach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1093\/aesa\/76.3.365","article-title":"Morphology of the male reproductive tract of mature larval, pupal, and adult tobacco hornworms (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae), Manduca sexta","volume":"76","author":"Reinecke","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399409001045","article-title":"Sperm\u2013egg adhesion and fusion in mammals","volume":"11","author":"Sutovsky","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2015.11.001","article-title":"Extracellular matrix structure","volume":"97","author":"Theocharis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12562","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12562","article-title":"A novel laminin \u03b2 gene BmLanB1-w regulates wing-specific cell adhesion in silkworm, Bombyx mori","volume":"5","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.298182.117","article-title":"Hormone-dependent control of developmental timing through regulation of chromatin accessibility","volume":"31","author":"Uyehara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2024.06.015","article-title":"dsHaE93 shows a high potential for the pest control of Helicoverpa armigera by inhibiting larval-pupal metamorphosis and development of wing and ovary","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.03.100","article-title":"Transcription factor E93 regulates wing development by directly promoting Dpp signaling in Drosophila","volume":"513","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0310","article-title":"The ecdysone-induced protein 93 is a key factor regulating gonadotrophic cycles in the adult female mosquito Aedes aegypti","volume":"118","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13284","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 2 degrades collagen I to regulate ovarian development by association with an insulin-like peptide","volume":"31","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0320","unstructured":"Wen, L., Chen, F., Chen, Y., Zhou, L., Liu, Y., Feng, Q., Liu, L., 2019. The testis development and spermatogenesis in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition). doi:10.6054\/j.jscnun.2019065."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-7917.13274","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 2 contributes to adult eclosion and immune response in the small hive beetle, Aethina tumida","volume":"31","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Insect Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.198931","article-title":"Ovarian fibrosis: a phenomenon of concern","volume":"130","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J. (Engl.)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Insect Physiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022191025001787?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022191025001787?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T14:01:12Z","timestamp":1773928872000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022191025001787"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0022191025001787"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-1910"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-1910","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The transcription factor E93 modulates Mmp1 expression to regulate testicular fusion during the prepupal stage in Helicoverpa armigera","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Insect Physiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2025.104924","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104924"}}