{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T19:34:13Z","timestamp":1781897653690,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,1]],"date-time":"2018-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,14]],"date-time":"2018-02-14T20:16:04Z","timestamp":1518639364000},"page":"57-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gamma irradiation inactivates honey bee fungal, microsporidian, and viral pathogens and parasites"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"153","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2938-9788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Simone-Finstrom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Aronstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Goblirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Rinkevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilia","family":"de Guzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0140272","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140272","article-title":"Four categories of viral infection describe the health status of honey bee colonies","volume":"10","author":"Amiri","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0010","first-page":"47","article-title":"Validation of genetic markers associated with chalkbrood resistance","volume":"11","author":"Aronstein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Entomol."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.018","article-title":"Chalkbrood disease in honey bees","volume":"103","author":"Aronstein","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0020","first-page":"107","article-title":"Improvement of artificial feeding in a standard in vitro method for rearing Apis mellifera larvae","volume":"58","author":"Aupinel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull. Insectol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0025","first-page":"22","article-title":"Gamma Radiation: a sanitating treatment of AFB-contaminated beekeeping eqiupment","volume":"40","author":"Baggio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Apiacta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.2001.11101042","article-title":"Effects of comb age on honey bee colony growth and brood survivorship","volume":"40","author":"Berry","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2006.11.021","article-title":"Evaluation of a real-time two-step RT-PCR assay for quantitation of Chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) genome in experimentally-infected bee tissues and in life stages of a symptomatic colony","volume":"141","author":"Blanchard","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Virol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073429","article-title":"In vitro infection of pupae with Israeli acute paralysis virus suggests disturbance of transcriptional homeostasis in honey bees (Apis mellifera)","volume":"8","author":"Boncristiani","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-015-0395-5","article-title":"Pathogen prevalence and abundance in honey bee colonies involved in almond pollination","volume":"47","author":"Cavigli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.07.010","article-title":"Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States","volume":"97","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-3527(07)70002-7","article-title":"Honey bee viruses","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv. Virus Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0060","article-title":"Viruses in unexpected places: new transmission routes of European honey bee (Apis mellifera) viruses","volume":"vol. 93","author":"Colwell","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043562","article-title":"Pathogen webs in collapsing honey bee colonies","volume":"7","author":"Cornman","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1146498","article-title":"A metagenomic survey of microbes in honey bee colony collapse disorder","volume":"318","author":"Cox-Foster","year":"2007","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.1.05","article-title":"Standard methods for artificial rearing of Apis mellifera larvae","volume":"52","author":"Crailsheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apradiso.2011.05.032","article-title":"Radiation inactivation of Paenibacillus larvae and sterilization of American Foul Brood (AFB) infected hives using Co-60 gamma rays","volume":"69","author":"De Guzman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Radiat. Isot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.4.22","article-title":"Standard methods for virus research in Apis mellifera","volume":"52","author":"de Miranda","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2011(03)00039-9","article-title":"Diverse origins of tetracycline resistance in the honey bee bacterial pathogen Paenibacillus larvae","volume":"83","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2005.03.005","article-title":"Spores of Ascosphaera apis contained in wax foundation can infect honeybee brood","volume":"108","author":"Flores","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:19880402","article-title":"Comb replacement and Nosema disease (Nosema apis Z.) in honey bee colonies","volume":"19","author":"Fries","year":"1988","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1051\/apido:2001122","article-title":"Implications of horizontal and vertical pathogen transmission for honey bee epidemiology","volume":"32","author":"Fries","year":"2001","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3896\/IBRA.1.52.1.14","article-title":"Standard methods for Nosema research","volume":"52","author":"Fries","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.015","article-title":"American Foulbrood in honeybees and its causative agent, Paenibacillus larvae","volume":"103","author":"Genersch","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1979.11099987","article-title":"Large-scale fumigation with ethylene oxide of honeybee combs contaminated with Bacillus larvae","volume":"18","author":"Gochnauer","year":"1979","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1970.11100252","article-title":"Disinfection of honeybee combs by gamma irradiation I. American foul brood disease","volume":"9","author":"Gochnauer","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1980.11100034","article-title":"Decontaminating effect of ethylene oxide on honeybee larvae previously killed by chalk-brood disease","volume":"19","author":"Gochnauer","year":"1980","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/1359-0197(90)90104-P","article-title":"Disinfection of the bee hive's American foulbrood by gamma radiation from Cobalt-60","volume":"35","author":"Gosselin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. J. Radiation Appl. Instrum.. Part C. Radiation Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2016.03.007","article-title":"Hygienic food to reduce pathogen risk to bumblebees","volume":"136","author":"Graystock","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1999.11099415","article-title":"American foulbrood: a review of its biology, diagnosis and control","volume":"80","author":"Hansen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Bee World."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0150","first-page":"298","article-title":"How long can spores of American foulbrood live","volume":"101","author":"Haseman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Am. Bee J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1051\/apido\/2010019","article-title":"Nosema ceranae in Europe: an emergent type C nosemosis","volume":"41","author":"Higes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/0005772X.1994.11099215","article-title":"Commercial use of gamma radiation in the beekeeping industry","volume":"75","author":"Hornitzky","year":"1994","journal-title":"Bee World"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9545","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0009545","article-title":"Serious overestimation in quantitative PCR by circular (supercoiled) plasmid standard: microalgal pcna as the model gene","volume":"5","author":"Hou","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1603\/EC13213","article-title":"Evaluation of cage designs and feeding regimes for honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) laboratory experiments","volume":"107","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003185","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1003185","article-title":"Nosema ceranae escapes fumagillin control in honey bees","volume":"9","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3390\/v8070204","article-title":"Inactivation of RNA viruses by gamma irradiation: a study on mitigating factors","volume":"8","author":"Hume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001160","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001160","article-title":"Large-scale field application of RNAi technology reducing Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus disease in honey bees (Apis mellifera, Hymenoptera: Apidae)","volume":"6","author":"Hunter","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0190","unstructured":"ISO#13409, 2002. Sterilization of health care products: radiation sterilization\u2013substantiation of 25 kGy as a sterilization dose for small or infrequent production batches. In: Organization, I.S. (Ed.), Geneva, Switzerland."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1603\/EC10385","article-title":"Potential of ozone as a fumigant to control pests in honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) hives","volume":"104","author":"James","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Econ. Entomol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2007.02.014","article-title":"Widespread dispersal of the microsporidian Nosema ceranae, an emergent pathogen of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera","volume":"96","author":"Klee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b9000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1420-9101.2011.02331.x","article-title":"Larval and nurse worker control of developmental plasticity and the evolution of honey bee queen\u2013worker dimorphism","volume":"24","author":"Linksvayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Evol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1990.11101214","article-title":"The effects of low doses of gamma irradiation on the ultrastructure of Nosema apis in vitro","volume":"29","author":"Liu","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2583.2009.00847.x","article-title":"IAPV, a bee-affecting virus associated with Colony Collapse Disorder can be silenced by dsRNA ingestion","volume":"18","author":"Maori","year":"2009","journal-title":"Insect Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2014.06.012","article-title":"Gamma irradiation of pollen and eradication of Israeli acute paralysis virus","volume":"121","author":"Meeus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/00218839.1970.11100263","article-title":"Disinfection of honeybee combs by gamma irradiation. II. European foul brood disease","volume":"9","author":"Pankiw","year":"1970","journal-title":"J. Apic. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0225","first-page":"595","article-title":"Colony collapse disorder working group pathogen sub-group progress report","volume":"147","author":"Pettis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. Bee. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374002","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/49\/37\/374002","article-title":"Sterilization of beehive material with a double inductively coupled low pressure plasma","volume":"49","author":"Priehn","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Phys. D Appl. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.013","article-title":"Chronic bee paralysis: a disease and a virus like no other?","volume":"103","author":"Ribi\u00e8re","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sommers, C.H., 2012. Microbial decontamination of food by irradiation. Microbial Decontamination in the Food Industry. Woodhead Publishing, pp. 322\u2013343.","DOI":"10.1533\/9780857095756.2.322"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1128\/am.22.1.61-65.1971","article-title":"Inactivation of thirty viruses by gamma radiation","volume":"22","author":"Sullivan","year":"1971","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0250","first-page":"397","article-title":"Gamma ray inactivation of some animal viruses","volume":"45","author":"Thomas","year":"1981","journal-title":"Can. J. Comp. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s13592-016-0431-0","article-title":"Multiyear survey targeting disease incidence in US honey bees","volume":"47","author":"Traynor","year":"2016","journal-title":"Apidologie"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.03.008","article-title":"\u201cEntombed Pollen\u201d: a new condition in honey bee colonies associated with increased risk of colony mortality","volume":"101","author":"vanEngelsdorp","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"vanEngelsdorp, D., et al., 2009b. Colony collapse disorder: a descriptive study. Plos One. 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006481"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2009.06.011","article-title":"A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them","volume":"103","author":"vanEngelsdorp","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2008.04.005","article-title":"Does fumagillin control the recently detected invasive parasite Nosema ceranae in western honey bees (Apis mellifera)","volume":"99","author":"Williams","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."}],"container-title":["Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022201117304147?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022201117304147?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,19]],"date-time":"2025-09-19T17:00:28Z","timestamp":1758301228000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022201117304147"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["S0022201117304147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2011","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gamma irradiation inactivates honey bee fungal, microsporidian, and viral pathogens and parasites","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jip.2018.02.011","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}