{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:38:42Z","timestamp":1792755522286,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,2,1]],"date-time":"2027-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1801440000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T14:59:20Z","timestamp":1792421960000},"page":"108770","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pathological evidence links white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei to severe hepatopancreatic Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei infection in China"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Yuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-yang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Na","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi-ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gan-xiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shou-hu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan-qing","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-fang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-cang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-hong","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.56808\/2985-1130.2175","article-title":"Penaeid shrimp immune system","volume":"39","author":"Aguirre-Guzman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thai J. Vet. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261289","article-title":"Experimental reproduction of white feces syndrome in whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei","volume":"16","author":"Aranguren Caro","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3354\/dao03522","article-title":"Evidences supporting Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei association with white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei in Venezuela and Indonesia","volume":"141","author":"Aranguren Caro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0020","series-title":"A handbook of normal penaeid shrimp histology","author":"Bell","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2014.07.010","article-title":"Melanization reaction products of shrimp display antimicrobial properties against their major bacterial and fungal pathogens","volume":"47","author":"Charoensapsri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0030","first-page":"40","article-title":"How to prevent and control the white feces disease in Litopenaeus vannamei?","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocean & Fisheries"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6591","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15530","article-title":"Occurrence of microsporidian in white faeces syndrome (WFS)-diseased Litopenaeus vannamei of intensive grow-out ponds of India","volume":"52","author":"Dewangan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0040","first-page":"45","article-title":"Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei has been detected parasitizing tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) cultured in Vietnam and showing white feces syndrome","volume":"12","author":"Ha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Agric. Rural Dev. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02830","article-title":"Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir) toxin-like genes in a plasmid of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the causative agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) of shrimp","volume":"113","author":"Han","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-018-8855-2","article-title":"Intestinal bacterial signatures of white feces syndrome in shrimp","volume":"102","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-020-00802-3","article-title":"Microecological Koch's postulates reveal that intestinal microbiota dysbiosis contributes to shrimp white feces syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2020.107472","article-title":"A novel dimorphic microsporidian Ameson iseebi sp. nov. infecting muscle of the Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus, in western Japan","volume":"176","author":"Itoh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12482","article-title":"Immune responses and immunoprotection in crustaceans with special reference to shrimp","volume":"13","author":"Kulkarni","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00252-7","article-title":"Fish microsporidia: fine structural diversity and phylogeny","volume":"33","author":"Lom","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s43008-022-00090-6","article-title":"A severe microsporidian disease in cultured Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)","volume":"13","author":"L\u00f3pez-Verdejo","year":"2022","journal-title":"IMA Fungus"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0080","first-page":"3044","article-title":"Incidences of white feces syndrome (WFS) in farm-reared shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, Andhra Pradesh","volume":"5","author":"Mastan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indo Am. J. Pharm. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2022.107784","article-title":"Propionigenium and Vibrio species identified as possible component causes of shrimp white feces syndrome (WFS) associated with the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei","volume":"192","author":"Munkongwongsiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes7060339","article-title":"White feces syndrome, a multifactorial syndrome of cultured shrimp: a mini review","volume":"7","author":"Piamsomboon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Fishes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.18520\/cs\/v115\/i4\/758-763","article-title":"An improved microscopic method for the rapid diagnosis of emerging microsporidian parasite, Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in shrimp farms","volume":"115","author":"Praveena","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737463","article-title":"Clinical manifestations of white feces syndrome (WFS), and its association with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei in Penaeus vannamei grow-out farms: a pathobiological investigation","volume":"547","author":"Sathish Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2014.07.013","article-title":"Morphology and phylogeny of Agmasoma penaei (Microsporidia) from the type host, Litopenaeus setiferus, and the type locality, Louisiana, USA","volume":"45","author":"Sokolova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0110","first-page":"7","article-title":"Effect of Vibrio spp. in white feces infected shrimp in Chanthaburi, Thailand","volume":"36","author":"Somboon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Fisheries and Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099170","article-title":"White feces syndrome of shrimp arises from transformation, sloughing and aggregation of hepatopancreatic microvilli into vermiform bodies superficially resembling gregarines","volume":"9","author":"Sriurairatana","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2010.04.017","article-title":"Myospora metanephrops (n. g., n. sp.) from marine lobsters and a proposal for erection of a new order and family (Crustaceacida; Myosporidae) in the class Marinosporidia (phylum Microsporidia)","volume":"40","author":"Stentiford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10030636","article-title":"Revising the freshwater Thelohania to Astathelohania gen. et comb. nov., and description of two new species","volume":"10","author":"Stratton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2023.107932","article-title":"White feces syndrome in Penaeus vannamei is potentially an Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) associated pathobiome origin of Vibrio spp","volume":"198","author":"Subash","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2016.08.004","article-title":"Dense populations of the microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) in feces of Penaeus vannamei exhibiting white feces syndrome and pathways of their transmission to healthy shrimp","volume":"140","author":"Tang","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.3354\/dao02621","article-title":"Determination of the infectious nature of the agent of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome affecting penaeid shrimp","volume":"105","author":"Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dis. Aquat. Org."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.21040","article-title":"Functional cytology of the hepatopancreas of decapod crustaceans","volume":"280","author":"Vogt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Morphol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735447","article-title":"Insights into the histopathology and microbiome of Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, suffering from white feces syndrome","volume":"527","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2025.108344","article-title":"Tissue and cell types infected by Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei (EHP)","volume":"211","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2024.108180","article-title":"Paospora carinifang n. gen., n. sp. (microsporidia: Spragueidae), a parasite of the ridgetail white prawn, Palaemon carinicauda","volume":"206","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Invertebr. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0165","article-title":"White feces syndrome is closely related with hypoimmunity and dysbiosis in Litopenaeus vannamei","volume":"38","author":"Xv","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aquacult. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2020.00071","article-title":"Identification of multigene biomarker for shrimp white feces syndrome by full-length transcriptome sequencing","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Genet."}],"container-title":["Journal of Invertebrate Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022201126002466?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0022201126002466?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:51:12Z","timestamp":1792752672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0022201126002466"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0022201126002466"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-2011"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-2011","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pathological evidence links white feces syndrome in farmed Penaeus vannamei to severe hepatopancreatic Ecytonucleospora hepatopenaei infection in China","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Journal of Invertebrate Pathology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jip.2026.108770","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108770"}}