{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T18:56:15Z","timestamp":1761418575476},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,1]],"date-time":"2008-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199145600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,30]],"date-time":"2016-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3286,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,27]],"date-time":"2008-11-27T04:26:26Z","timestamp":1227759986000},"page":"113-120","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Risk factors for typhoid fever in children in squatter settlements of Karachi: A nested case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"Fahad Javaid","family":"Siddiqui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed Rizwan","family":"Haider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zulfiqar Ahmed","family":"Bhutta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib1","unstructured":"WHO. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper. Report. Geneva: WHO; February 8, 2008. Report No.: 6."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-44-5-317","article-title":"Multi-drug resistant typhoid: a global problem","volume":"44","author":"Mirza","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"9487","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67181-4","article-title":"Typhoid and paratyphoid fever","volume":"366","author":"Bhan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl391","article-title":"Molecular characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi and paratyphi A causing enteric fever in India","volume":"58","author":"Gaind","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"7558","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.333.7558.78","article-title":"Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever","volume":"333","author":"Bhutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib6","unstructured":"WHO. Shaping the future. Report. Geneva: WHO; 2003."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib7","first-page":"899","article-title":"Case\u2013control study to identify risk factors for paediatric endemic typhoid fever in Santiago, Chile","volume":"63","author":"Black","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.1997.d01-179.x","article-title":"Typhoid fever in Ujung Pandang, Indonesia\u2014high-risk groups and high-risk behaviours","volume":"2","author":"Velema","year":"1997","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.21.2607","article-title":"Risk factors for typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"291","author":"Vollaard","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897008558","article-title":"Risk factors for typhoid fever in an endemic setting, Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"120","author":"Luby","year":"1998","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2005.03.010","article-title":"Typhoid fever in children: some epidemiological considerations from Karachi, Pakistan","volume":"10","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib12","unstructured":"NIPS. Pakistan population data sheet and estimates of population by provinces and districts of Pakistan 2001, 2004, 2011 & 2021. Islamabad: National Institute of Population Studies; 2002."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib13","series-title":"Squatter settlements in Pakistan: the impacts of upgrading","author":"Kool","year":"1988"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib14","first-page":"363","article-title":"Occurrence of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi in Jordan","volume":"26","author":"Battikhi","year":"2003","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268805005583","article-title":"Risk factors for typhoid fever among adult patients in Diyarbakir, Turkey","volume":"134","author":"Hosoglu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2001.00734.x","article-title":"Poor food hygiene and housing as risk factors for typhoid fever in Semarang, Indonesia","volume":"6","author":"Gasem","year":"2001","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004265.pub2","article-title":"Hand washing for preventing diarrhoea","author":"Ejemot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(82)93365-5","article-title":"Salmonella carriers: are they dangerous? A study to identify finger contamination with Salmonellae by convalescent carriers","volume":"5","author":"Pether","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0195-6701(90)90123-6","article-title":"Surgical hand disinfection: comparison of 4% chlorhexidine detergent solution and 2% triclosan detergent solution","volume":"15","author":"Bendig","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01853.x","article-title":"Epidemiology and risk factors for endemic typhoid fever in Uzbekistan","volume":"12","author":"Srikantiah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.05.007","article-title":"Risk factors associated with typhoid fever in Son La province, northern Vietnam","volume":"99","author":"Tran","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trans Roy Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.654","article-title":"Rapid serologic diagnosis of pediatric typhoid fever in an endemic area: a prospective comparative evaluation of two dot-enzyme immunoassays and the Widal test","volume":"61","author":"Bhutta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(98)00095-3","article-title":"Rapid and reliable serological diagnosis of enteric fever: comparative sensitivity and specificity of Typhidot and Typhidot-M tests in febrile Malaysian children","volume":"72","author":"Choo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib24","first-page":"354","article-title":"Typhoid fever in Kuala Lumpur and a comparative evaluation of two commercial diagnostic kits for the detection of antibodies to Salmonella typhi","volume":"43","author":"Gopalakrishnan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Singapore Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib25","first-page":"70","article-title":"Typhidot test to detect IgG & IgM antibodies in typhoid fever","volume":"116","author":"Jesudason","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2006.06.024","article-title":"Evaluation of new-generation serologic tests for the diagnosis of typhoid fever: data from a community-based surveillance in Calcutta, India","volume":"56","author":"Dutta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2008.03.018","article-title":"Clinical value of Tubex and Typhidot rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid fever in an urban community clinic in Bangladesh","volume":"61","author":"Naheed","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1067\/mic.2001.115680","article-title":"Hygiene and health\u2014the need for a holistic approach","volume":"29","author":"Exner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Infection and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034108000312?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1876034108000312?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,15]],"date-time":"2019-05-15T16:06:17Z","timestamp":1557936377000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1876034108000312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}},"alternative-id":["S1876034108000312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2008.10.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["1876-0341"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1876-0341","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008]]}}}